Uses of 了 introduced in Lesson 5 Aspect particle了 Modal particle了

L. 5: Uses of 了 No 了 or 沒 with 是 No 了 or 沒 with auxiliary verbs For straight past narration, 了 not required if clear from context Negative past uses no 了 but has 沒 before the first verb

No 了 or 沒 with 是

No 了 or 沒 with auxiliary verbs

For straight past narration, 了 not required if clear from context

Negative past uses no 了 but has 沒 before the first verb

L. 5: Uses of 了 Modal particle 了 end of sentence emphasizes new state Aspect particle 了 after last verb emphasizes quantity/quality of object

Modal particle 了

end of sentence

emphasizes new state

Aspect particle 了

after last verb

emphasizes quantity/quality of object

L. 5: Uses of 了 past negative affirmative

L. 5: Uses of 了 past negative object irrelevant No 了 沒 before first verb affirmative

L. 5: Uses of 了 past object unmodified 了 end of sentence only affirmative negative

L. 5: Uses of 了 past object unmodified 了 end of sentence only object modified 了 after verb or end of sentence affirmative negative

L. 5: Uses of 了 past object unmodified 了 end of sentence only object modified 了 after verb or end of sentence object quantified 了 after last verb affirmative negative

L. 5: Uses of 了 past object unmodified 了 end of sentence only object modified 了 after verb or end of sentence object quantified 了 after last verb affirmative negative