Urinary system

Urinary System Chapter 9

Genitourinary (GU) System
Serves as the urinary organ system
Metabolic processes result in waste production - the GU serves as one of the hardest working systems
Functions
Removal of waste products
Adjust water and electrolyte levels
Maintains pH

Genitourinary (GU) System: Organs
Kidney
Ureters
Urethra
Urinary bladder

Catheterization (cath)
Urinary catheter is inserted into patient’s bladder via urethra
Maintains urine output for patients
Used for treatment or diagnosis
Urinary incontinence (leakage of urine or the inability to control when you urinate)
Urinary retention (being unable to empty the bladder when you need to)
Surgery that made a catheter necessary, such as prostate or gynecological surgery
Other medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or dementia

Catheterization: Types
Indwelling
Catheter with a small inflated balloon on the end to keep from sliding out
Left in the bladder for short or long periods
Inserted through urethra or into your bladder via belly button
Condom
Used in male dementia patients
Not inserted but placed over penis.
Intermittent
Used for short term periods

Catheterization: Risks
Bladder stones
Blood infections
Blood in urine
Kidney damage
Urethral injury
Urinary tract (UTI) or kidney infections

Cystoscopy (cysto)
Diagnostic procedure that uses a cystoscope to view the inside of the urinary tract
Areas viewed include urethra, bladder and the two ureters
Detects abnormalities or as surgical procedure
Evaluation of blood in the urine
Evaluation and treatment of kidney stones
Evaluation and treatment of bladder or ureteral tumors
Prostate surgery
Narrowing of urethral

Cystoscopy: Risks
Serious risks are rare
Perforation or tear along urinary tract
Urethra, bladder or ureter
Scar tissue development causing narrowing of the urethra
Epididymitis
Only occurs in men
Inflammation or pain in the testicles
Inability to urinate

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Therapeutic procedure for kidney stones
High- energy shock waves are used to break kidney stones into smaller pieces for easier travel
On stones larger than 2.5cm a stent may be used
Kidney stone fragments will pass through the urinary tract over the course of a few days
Not appropriate procedure if pregnant, have bleeding disorder, kidney infection, urinary tract infection, or kidney cancer

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): Risks
Pain caused by the passage of stone fragments
Blocked urine flow as a result of stone fragments becoming stuck in the urinary tract
Fragments may need to be removed with a ureteroscope
Urinary tract infection
Bleeding around the outside of the kidney

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)
Diagnostic X-ray procedure used with a cystoscopy to determine presence of kidney stones, tumors, or obstructions
Endoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder
Catheter is inserted into the ureters where a contrast dye is injected
Retention of the dye is evaluated

References
http://www.nlm.nih.gov
http://www.emedicinehealth.com
Medical Terminology: A living language, Bonnie F. Fregman and Suzanne S. Frucht

Urinary system

by Megan on Jul 07, 2010

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Urinary system — Presentation Transcript