4.  The 1G or First Generation, was an analog
system and was invented in the AT&T’S lab
in USA in the early 1970’s.1G had two major
improvement, this was the invention of
microprocessor, and the digital transform of
the control link between the phone and the
cell site.

5.  1G
 Poor voice quality
 Poor battery life
 Large phone size
 No security
 Frequent call drops

6.  2Gphones using global system for mobile
communication(GSM) were firstly used in the
early 1990s in Europe.GSM provides voice and
limited data services , and used digital
modulation for improved audio quality.

7.  2G
 Unable to handle complex data such as
videos.
 Do not support high data rates.
 Poor signals in less populas areas.

8.  An interim stage that is taken place between
2G and 3G is 2.5G.
 Itis basically an enhancement of two major
technologies to provide increased capacity
and to increase higher bit rate.

9.  The3G technology adds multimedia facilities
to 2G phones by allowing video, audio
graphics.
 The main idea behind 3G is that to have a
single network instead of different types
adopted in US, Europe and Asia.

10.  3G
o High bandwidth required
o High spectrum licensing fees.
o Huge capital

11. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband
internet access , for example to laptops with
USB wireless modems ,to smart phones also.
 Application adaptability and being highly
dynamic are the key features of 4G service of
interest to users.

14.  Dueto substantial growth in number of
subscribers.
 Dueto massive demand of new services like
data ,audio ,image or video.

15.  Faster and more reliable
 Multi-standard wireless system
 Smooth handover across wide network
 Scalable channel bandwidth 100+Mhz

16.  OFDM
 SDR
 SMART ANTENNAS
 IPv6

22.  4G
A key challenge facing deployment of 4G
technology is how to make the network
architectures compatible with each other.
 Cost is another factor that could hamper the
progress of 4G technology.
 The operating area ,rural areas and many
buildings in metropolitan areas are not being
served well by existing wireless network.

23.  A major issue in 4G system is to make high bit
rates available in larger portion of the cell,
especially to users in an exposed position in
between several base stations.
 5G(5th generation mobile network)is a name used
in some research papers and projects to denote
the next major phase of mobile
telecommunications standard beyond the
upcoming 4G standard.