Richard Everett ‘Intelligent’ Buildings Consultant Education Sector RE Youtube MB Youtube FW LSC TfLGP site Smarter, Greener Learning: A Strategic Approach for Post-16 Education

Ask not ‘what can you do for your technology?’ ask ‘what can your technology do for you?’ with apologies to John F Kennedy Green and Intelligent Buildings: save costs and boost productivity, sustainably!

‘ Intelligent’ Building Definition “ Intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change” Clements-Croome (2007)

“ Intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Definition - 2 An intelligent building is a dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with productive , cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through a continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric; structure; facilities); processes ( automation; control; systems ;) people (services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the interrelation between them. The CIB Working Group W098 (1995).

An intelligent building is a dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with productive , cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through a continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric; structure; facilities); processes ( automation; control; systems ;) people (services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the interrelation between them.

The CIB Working Group W098 (1995).

Behaviours Tidy or untidy Methodical or haphazard Good memory or Forgetful Lighting, heating and systems consume energy control them Automation – switch it off!

Tidy or untidy

Methodical or haphazard

Good memory or Forgetful

Lighting, heating and systems

consume energy

control them

Automation – switch it off!

The ideal

intelligent i B Unified messaging Cause and effect Building Mgmt Systems Infrastructure Trend analysis AV Digital signage Thin client Blade PCs Cashless catering IP telephony mLearning Wireless Smart cards Learning technology Library systems Room management Buildings

The goal – 4 E’s Economy = minimising cost Efficiency = making best use of resources Effectiveness = degree of achievement of outcome Efficacy = degree of relevance of outcome e e e e

Economy = minimising cost

Efficiency = making best use of resources

Effectiveness = degree of achievement of outcome

Efficacy = degree of relevance of outcome

Pedagogy Worker Performance = Motivation x Ability x Opportunity Tasks - Individuals Want to do Capable of doing Can be done Building creates Physical environment

Worker Performance =

Motivation x Ability x Opportunity

Tasks - Individuals

Want to do

Capable of doing

Can be done

Building creates

Physical environment

Pedagogy and Buildings “ Space has the power to condition behaviour and form personality. ... The environment affects our emotions, feelings and reactions.“ Scuri (1995) “ the more integrated building allows communications between staff to be considerably enhanced.” Penn et al. (1977)

“ Space has the power to condition behaviour and form personality. ... The environment affects our emotions, feelings and reactions.“

Scuri (1995)

“ the more integrated building allows communications between staff to be considerably enhanced.”

Penn et al. (1977)

CLCs – the new LRCs communications social interaction flexibility hierarchical and non-hierarchical organisational structures work productivity effectiveness of ventilation and air quality privacy crowding individual control Storage Ilozor (2000)

communications

social interaction

flexibility

hierarchical and non-hierarchical organisational structures

work productivity

effectiveness of ventilation and air quality

privacy

crowding

individual control

Storage

Ilozor (2000)

Happy workers are effective “ research suggests a correlation between worker productivity, wellbeing, environmental, social and organisational factors.” Clements-Croome (2007)

“ research suggests a correlation between worker productivity, wellbeing, environmental, social and organisational factors.”

Clements-Croome (2007)

Return on Investment 25 Salary exceeds building energy and maintenance costs and annual construction rental cost by a factor of

25

90% Salary costs as a percentage of total organisational costs

90%

1 : 5 : 200 Ratio of costs Construction : Maintenance Operating: Business operating

1 : 5 : 200

Annualised UK building costs Capital investment £200/m² per year energy and plant costs £10/m² per year Staff costs £15,000/m² per year Hodgett (1993) a 1% change in productivity...??

Capital investment

£200/m² per year

energy and plant costs

£10/m² per year

Staff costs

£15,000/m² per year

Hodgett (1993)

a 1% change in productivity...??

Sydney Opera House Cost $120m Cost overrun 1700% Replacement Cost $120m

Energy usage Energy used to heat, light and ventilate buildings 45% Energy used to construct buildings 5% Edwards (2002)

Energy used to heat, light and ventilate buildings

45%

Energy used to construct buildings

5%

Edwards (2002)

Carbon Trust High potential Building Controls Smart metering Building fabric Heating, ventilation Cooling, integrated design Lower potential Biomass (for electricity generation), Nuclear Fusion, Solar photovoltaic Carbon Trust (2001)

High potential

Building Controls

Smart metering

Building fabric

Heating, ventilation

Cooling, integrated design

Lower potential

Biomass (for electricity generation),

Nuclear Fusion,

Solar photovoltaic

Carbon Trust (2001)

Ill advised reduction? “ Often there is an attempt to reduce maintenance with consequential waste of energy and deteriorating environmental conditions. Evans et al (1998) point out that the building lifetime cost ratios vary but commonly are 1:5:200 to 1:10:200. In other words, the major costs of running an organisation are the salaries of the staff. Clements Croome (2007) 1 : 5 : 200 1 : 10 : 200

“ Often there is an attempt to reduce maintenance with consequential waste of energy and deteriorating environmental conditions. Evans et al (1998) point out that the building lifetime cost ratios vary but commonly are 1:5:200 to 1:10:200. In other words, the major costs of running an organisation are the salaries of the staff.

Clements Croome (2007)

Energy efficient buildings The following features are important: High levels of thermal insulation Natural ventilation – connected spaces Exclude excessive solar gain High efficiency lighting Individual control measures Efficient systems equipment and appliances Employ effective facilities management Clements Croome (2007)    

The following features are important:

High levels of thermal insulation

Natural ventilation – connected spaces

Exclude excessive solar gain

High efficiency lighting

Individual control measures

Efficient systems equipment and appliances

Employ effective facilities management

Clements Croome (2007)

intelligent i B Unified messaging Cause and effect Building Mgmt Systems Infrastructure Trend analysis AV Digital signage Thin client Blade PCs Cashless catering IP telephony mLearning Wireless Smart cards Learning technology Library systems Room management Buildings

Post Script “ Of course, communication is vital . This means having mutual respect between fellow professionals and an open mind to include expertise from backgrounds different to those with which the building industry is familiar. For the long term, it is important that these issues are reflected in education and training courses.” Clements-Croome (2007)

Thank you Richard Everett – Independent Consultancy The Old Coach House 9 High Street Old Town Stevenage SG1 3BG 01438 215 447 07766 611 826 [email_address] www.intelligentbuilders.co.uk

Richard Everett – Independent Consultancy

The Old Coach House

9 High Street

Old Town

Stevenage

SG1 3BG

01438 215 447

07766 611 826

[email_address]

www.intelligentbuilders.co.uk