BENEFITTING FROM GREEN IT – FINDINGS FROM THE SUSTEIT PROJECT Professor Peter James www.susteit.org.uk

THE CASE FOR CHANGE Sticks - Energy and other costs - Regulations Carrots - financial and operational benefits - teaching and research Reputation Stakeholder requirements

Sticks - Energy and other costs - Regulations

Carrots - financial and operational benefits - teaching and research

Reputation

Stakeholder requirements

ICT BENEFITS – SMART 2020 Environmental - Cut global CO2 emissions in 2020 by 15%, with $946 billion of cost savings - Avoid c 5 tonnes of CO2 emissions through applications for every tonne created by production, use & disposal of equipment Social - e.g. access; overcoming disability

Environmental - Cut global CO2 emissions in 2020 by 15%, with $946 billion of cost savings - Avoid c 5 tonnes of CO2 emissions through applications for every tonne created by production, use & disposal of equipment

Social - e.g. access; overcoming disability

AVE MARIA UNIVERSITY Intrusion Detection Fire Alarm System Power System Elevator Mgmt. Lighting Controls HVAC Control Evacuation Management Security Users Building Maintenance Users Access Control (security system) Campus Security

ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT Downloadable tool – www.susteit.org.uk Default assumptions … or your own data University of Sheffield - 19% of non-domestic electricity - £1 million + bills in 2009 - PCs higher than expected - Data centres/networks lower than expected

Downloadable tool – www.susteit.org.uk

Default assumptions … or your own data

University of Sheffield - 19% of non-domestic electricity - £1 million + bills in 2009 - PCs higher than expected - Data centres/networks lower than expected

FOOTPRINTING RESULTS University of Sheffield University of Sheffield (ex HPC) Lowestoft College City College Norwich Total Electricity (kWh) 8,680,806 (100%) 7,472,188 (100%) 453,714 (100%) 1,241,700 (100%) PCs and monitors 4,164,477 (48%) 4,164,477 ( 56 %) 197,402 ( 44 %) 510,896 ( 41 %) Servers 1,520,736 (18%) 1,520,736 (20%) 135,999 (30%) 226,665 (18%) HPC 1,208,617 (14%) 0 0 0 Imaging 835,659 (10%) 835,659 (11%) 42,171 (9%) 236,901 (19%) Networks 687,362 (8%) 687,362 (9%) 68,538 (15%) 156,629 (13%) AV/Telephony 3% 4% 3% 8%

A LARGE ICT FOOTPRINT 2% of global CO2 emissions ICT in UK FE 2008 - 708,000 PCs - 23,000 servers - 98,000 networked printers - £54m electricity bill - £12 per student - 244,000t of carbon dioxide

2% of global CO2 emissions

ICT in UK FE 2008 - 708,000 PCs - 23,000 servers - 98,000 networked printers - £54m electricity bill - £12 per student - 244,000t of carbon dioxide

325,000 Coal-Powered Computers

A LARGE FOOTPRINT Materials Manufacture Transport Use Disposal

KEY LIFE CYCLE QUESTIONS Can we ever get a complete picture? - HP 1.5 million tonnes CO2 eq direct - 4.5 million tonnes from Tier 1 suppliers What balance of impacts across the life cycle? e.g. production:use energy - Williams/UN University 4:1 - EU Commission study 1:4 How can we influence upstream impacts?

Can we ever get a complete picture? - HP 1.5 million tonnes CO2 eq direct - 4.5 million tonnes from Tier 1 suppliers

What balance of impacts across the life cycle? e.g. production:use energy - Williams/UN University 4:1 - EU Commission study 1:4

How can we influence upstream impacts?

DATA CENTRE END USE Server Load /Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversions & Distribution 100 Units 33 Units Delivered 35 Units Source: US EPA

CARDIFF UNIVERSITY Low power servers Chilled water cooling Efficient layout Efficient UPS 30% support overhead

Low power servers

Chilled water cooling

Efficient layout

Efficient UPS

30% support overhead

ACTION PLAN - MANAGEMENT Calculate energy consumption - formulate action plan and targets Set up a cross-functional team Calculate total cost of ownership - energy prices; refresh cycles; support costs Energy-related financial incentives for IT - paying energy bills for server rooms?

Calculate energy consumption - formulate action plan and targets

Set up a cross-functional team

Calculate total cost of ownership - energy prices; refresh cycles; support costs

Energy-related financial incentives for IT - paying energy bills for server rooms?

ACTION PLAN - DESKTOP Power down computers when not in use - network software; PC settings Ensure all non-managed computers are powered down when not in use Make 5 year refresh cycles the norm - justify exceptions by evidence and sign off Specify Energy Star 4 (soon 5) for all purchases Dispose of old equipment responsibly

Power down computers when not in use - network software; PC settings

Ensure all non-managed computers are powered down when not in use

Make 5 year refresh cycles the norm - justify exceptions by evidence and sign off

Specify Energy Star 4 (soon 5) for all purchases

Dispose of old equipment responsibly

ACTION PLAN - PRINTING Audit paper consumption - set targets - measure/monitor consumption Power down printers outside office hours Encourage paper-efficient printing - draft mode - double sided

Audit paper consumption - set targets - measure/monitor consumption

Power down printers outside office hours

Encourage paper-efficient printing - draft mode - double sided

ACTION PLAN - INFRASTRUCTURE Follow the EU Code of Conduct for all significant data centre investment Take simple measures to minimise cold/air mixing in server rooms - e.g. containment; blanking plates Consolidate servers - switch off unused ones

Follow the EU Code of Conduct for all significant data centre investment

Take simple measures to minimise cold/air mixing in server rooms - e.g. containment; blanking plates

Consolidate servers - switch off unused ones

MEDIUM TERM MEASURES Metering/monitoring key areas of consumption Full implementation of EU Code of Conduct - power supply; virtualisation; free cooling Maximum use of thin client where effective Effective document and print management Minimising storage Increasing videoconferencing Flexible working

Metering/monitoring key areas of consumption

Full implementation of EU Code of Conduct - power supply; virtualisation; free cooling

Maximum use of thin client where effective

Effective document and print management

Minimising storage

Increasing videoconferencing

Flexible working

QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY Wanted greenest building in UK PCs main barrier 98% thin client 25-30% space savings

Wanted greenest building in UK

PCs main barrier

98% thin client

25-30% space savings

THE FUTURE Less energy and material intensive desktops - cloud computing - medium client - e-readers and ‘total content’ Zero carbon data centres Pay as you go computing Intelligent campus - from computer to building maintenance?

Less energy and material intensive desktops - cloud computing - medium client - e-readers and ‘total content’

Zero carbon data centres

Pay as you go computing

Intelligent campus - from computer to building maintenance?

ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Server Load/ Computing Operations Cooling Equipment Power Conversion & Distribution Alternative Energy Supply High voltage distribution Use of DC power Highly efficient UPS systems Efficient redundancy strategies Power efficiency & management Load management Consolidation/Virtualisation Better air management Free/efficient cooling Efficient liquid cooling Flexibility and control On-site renewables Waste heat for cooling Fuel cells Thermal storage Adapted from US EPA original