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Microservices using relocatable Docker containers

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Mauricio Garavaglia
Mauricio Garavaglia

Docker Buenos Aires Meetup presentation at Medallia Argentina Offices. May 20th 2015

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Medallia © Copyright 2015. 1
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 2 Docker Buenos Aires • Medallia ○ “Software to improve the customer experience” ○ “Aggregating 1 Billion documents in 1 second or less” • Mauricio Garavaglia ○ Software Engineer ○ mauricio@medallia.com • 2015-05-21 Bienvenidos!!!
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 3 Docker 101
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 4 Problem: Matrix from Hell
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 5 Problem: Efficient use of Resources Solution But... Time Sharing! - Your library 2.0 clashes with my library 1.0 - Increase attack vectors Virtualization! - Isolation but too much overhead! - Seriously, overhead! Containers! ...
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 6 “Lightweight Virtual Machine”
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 7 Docker Containerization for the masses Docker Container Linux cgroups Linux namespaces Images (Layered FS)
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 8 Server Docker Architecture Docker Client Docker Daemon container 1 container 2 container 3 container 4 Rest API Docker HubImages
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 9 Checkout and have fun! https://www.docker.com/tryit/
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 10 Microservices using relocatable Docker containers Thorvald Natvig (thorvald@medallia.com) Mauricio Garavaglia (mauricio@medallia.com)
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 11 • Docker for everything! • Docker for applications! • Docker for load-balancers! • Docker for zookeeper! And DNS! • Docker for databases! Problem to solve Want a reliable, flexible data-center
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 12 Problem to Solve Today Relocating non-movable services DataCenter Firewall Host: 10.1.2.3:80 Host: 10.1.2.5:80 172.17.0.3:80 nginx Host: 10.1.2.4:2181 172.17.1.0:2181 zookeeper 172.17.1.2:80 application
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 13 Docker Bridged Networking Model host1 container 1 eth0 10.1.2.3/24 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 docker0 veth0 veth1
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 14 Default (Bridged) Strategy ● Creates a pair of veth. ● Moves one to the container namespace. ● Renames the container veth to eth0 ● Attaches the host veth to the docker0 bridge ● Configures port forwarding in iptables Routed Strategy ● Creates a pair of veth. ● Moves one to the container namespace. ● Renames the container veth to eth0. ● Adds route to 0.0.0.0/0 via eth0 in container. ● Adds route to container IP via veth0 in the host. Docker fork new strategy
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 15 OSPF Area host1% ip route 10.4.5.6 dev veth0 ... Docker* Routed Networking Model eth0 10.1.2.3/24 veth0 container-A % ip route default eth0 10.4.5.6/32 eth0 host2 host3 hostN switch
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 16 Route to 10.1.2.3/32 Infrastructure Spine Leaf Server 10.1.2.3/32 10.1.2.3/32
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 17 OSPF: 1998 • Open Shortest Path First ○ Propagated Link State Database ○ Supported by every vendor • OSPF is computationally expensive ○ On a 1998-style embedded controller: Yes ○ On a 2015-style Intel Atom 64-bit: No • Everything is point-to-point L3 links • Switches and Servers run OSPF (Quagga) • Cumulus! OSPF unnumbered Old and boring is the new sexy
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 18 Running a Container using the routed strategy % docker run -it --net=routed --ip-address=10.2.3.4/32 ubuntu (Will likely change to use labels...)
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 19 demo!
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 20 bright future ahead! • Extract networking logic into a reusable library. • Replace the networking subsystem of Docker. • Docker 1.7 (libnetwork 0.3) • Docker 1.8 (libnetwork 1.0) • Get rid of our patch and wrap it as an extension/plugin. • https://github.com/docker/libnetwork LibNetwork
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 21 Pros and Cons Awesomeness Sucksies IP Mobility Quick failover No special snowflakes Everything in docker Future: CRIU? T2 routing limit: 128K entries
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 22 How difficult is this? Welcome to the network revolution! ● 40GbE “white-box” Switches ○ Cumulus: Debian-based Switch OS ○ x86-64 Linux server with 32 network interfaces ● Want to inspect network traffic? ○ sudo apt-get install tcpdump ● Technically possible to run remote xterm on the switch ● Currently waiting for Cumulus to update kernel version ○ Docker on the switches!
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 23 Leaf Switch /etc/network/interfaces Server /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback address 10.225.10.245/32 %for v in range(1,17): auto swp${v} iface swp${v} mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.${v*8+1}/30 %endfor %for v in range(17,33): auto swp${v} iface swp${v} mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.245/32 %endfor auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto data0 iface data0 inet static mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.252 gateway 10.225.10.9 How difficult is the network config? To Servers To Spines To Leaf
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 24 Leaf/Spine Switch ospfd.conf Server ospfd.conf router ospf ospf router-id 10.225.10.245 network 10.224.0.0/12 area 0.0.0.0 ! interface swp1 ip ospf network point-to-point ! interface swp2 ip ospf network point-to-point ! …. ! Bootstrap Config router ospf ospf router-id 10.225.10.10 redistribute kernel passive-interface default no passive-interface data0 network 10.224.0.0/12 area 0.0.0.0 ! log syslog ! interface data0 ip ospf network point-to-point ! How difficult is the network config?
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 25 “Good enough” • 24-39 Gbit/s (core affinity) • 13us ICMP ping Performance
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 26 Local Development With Style IP Mobility on Local Laptop Allow for easy and rapid development Boot2Docker
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 27 Boot2Docker on OSX My MacBook Boot2Docker VM 10.10.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16 10.10.2.1/32 frontend on 8080 10.10.2.2/32 backed (date) on 9999 lo0: 10.10.2.2/32 backend My Shell
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 28 Checkout and have fun! www.github.com/medallia/docker www.github.com/medallia/boot2docker-iso docker@medallia.com
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 29 Questions?
Medallia © Copyright 2015. 30 Jueves 28 de Mayo http://tinyurl.com/ioextendedba

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Microservices using relocatable Docker containers

  • 2. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 2 Docker Buenos Aires • Medallia ○ “Software to improve the customer experience” ○ “Aggregating 1 Billion documents in 1 second or less” • Mauricio Garavaglia ○ Software Engineer ○ mauricio@medallia.com • 2015-05-21 Bienvenidos!!!
  • 3. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 3 Docker 101
  • 4. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 4 Problem: Matrix from Hell
  • 5. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 5 Problem: Efficient use of Resources Solution But... Time Sharing! - Your library 2.0 clashes with my library 1.0 - Increase attack vectors Virtualization! - Isolation but too much overhead! - Seriously, overhead! Containers! ...
  • 6. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 6 “Lightweight Virtual Machine”
  • 7. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 7 Docker Containerization for the masses Docker Container Linux cgroups Linux namespaces Images (Layered FS)
  • 8. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 8 Server Docker Architecture Docker Client Docker Daemon container 1 container 2 container 3 container 4 Rest API Docker HubImages
  • 9. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 9 Checkout and have fun! https://www.docker.com/tryit/
  • 10. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 10 Microservices using relocatable Docker containers Thorvald Natvig (thorvald@medallia.com) Mauricio Garavaglia (mauricio@medallia.com)
  • 11. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 11 • Docker for everything! • Docker for applications! • Docker for load-balancers! • Docker for zookeeper! And DNS! • Docker for databases! Problem to solve Want a reliable, flexible data-center
  • 12. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 12 Problem to Solve Today Relocating non-movable services DataCenter Firewall Host: 10.1.2.3:80 Host: 10.1.2.5:80 172.17.0.3:80 nginx Host: 10.1.2.4:2181 172.17.1.0:2181 zookeeper 172.17.1.2:80 application
  • 13. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 13 Docker Bridged Networking Model host1 container 1 eth0 10.1.2.3/24 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 docker0 veth0 veth1
  • 14. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 14 Default (Bridged) Strategy ● Creates a pair of veth. ● Moves one to the container namespace. ● Renames the container veth to eth0 ● Attaches the host veth to the docker0 bridge ● Configures port forwarding in iptables Routed Strategy ● Creates a pair of veth. ● Moves one to the container namespace. ● Renames the container veth to eth0. ● Adds route to 0.0.0.0/0 via eth0 in container. ● Adds route to container IP via veth0 in the host. Docker fork new strategy
  • 15. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 15 OSPF Area host1% ip route 10.4.5.6 dev veth0 ... Docker* Routed Networking Model eth0 10.1.2.3/24 veth0 container-A % ip route default eth0 10.4.5.6/32 eth0 host2 host3 hostN switch
  • 16. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 16 Route to 10.1.2.3/32 Infrastructure Spine Leaf Server 10.1.2.3/32 10.1.2.3/32
  • 17. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 17 OSPF: 1998 • Open Shortest Path First ○ Propagated Link State Database ○ Supported by every vendor • OSPF is computationally expensive ○ On a 1998-style embedded controller: Yes ○ On a 2015-style Intel Atom 64-bit: No • Everything is point-to-point L3 links • Switches and Servers run OSPF (Quagga) • Cumulus! OSPF unnumbered Old and boring is the new sexy
  • 18. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 18 Running a Container using the routed strategy % docker run -it --net=routed --ip-address=10.2.3.4/32 ubuntu (Will likely change to use labels...)
  • 19. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 19 demo!
  • 20. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 20 bright future ahead! • Extract networking logic into a reusable library. • Replace the networking subsystem of Docker. • Docker 1.7 (libnetwork 0.3) • Docker 1.8 (libnetwork 1.0) • Get rid of our patch and wrap it as an extension/plugin. • https://github.com/docker/libnetwork LibNetwork
  • 21. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 21 Pros and Cons Awesomeness Sucksies IP Mobility Quick failover No special snowflakes Everything in docker Future: CRIU? T2 routing limit: 128K entries
  • 22. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 22 How difficult is this? Welcome to the network revolution! ● 40GbE “white-box” Switches ○ Cumulus: Debian-based Switch OS ○ x86-64 Linux server with 32 network interfaces ● Want to inspect network traffic? ○ sudo apt-get install tcpdump ● Technically possible to run remote xterm on the switch ● Currently waiting for Cumulus to update kernel version ○ Docker on the switches!
  • 23. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 23 Leaf Switch /etc/network/interfaces Server /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback address 10.225.10.245/32 %for v in range(1,17): auto swp${v} iface swp${v} mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.${v*8+1}/30 %endfor %for v in range(17,33): auto swp${v} iface swp${v} mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.245/32 %endfor auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto data0 iface data0 inet static mtu 9000 address 10.225.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.252 gateway 10.225.10.9 How difficult is the network config? To Servers To Spines To Leaf
  • 24. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 24 Leaf/Spine Switch ospfd.conf Server ospfd.conf router ospf ospf router-id 10.225.10.245 network 10.224.0.0/12 area 0.0.0.0 ! interface swp1 ip ospf network point-to-point ! interface swp2 ip ospf network point-to-point ! …. ! Bootstrap Config router ospf ospf router-id 10.225.10.10 redistribute kernel passive-interface default no passive-interface data0 network 10.224.0.0/12 area 0.0.0.0 ! log syslog ! interface data0 ip ospf network point-to-point ! How difficult is the network config?
  • 25. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 25 “Good enough” • 24-39 Gbit/s (core affinity) • 13us ICMP ping Performance
  • 26. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 26 Local Development With Style IP Mobility on Local Laptop Allow for easy and rapid development Boot2Docker
  • 27. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 27 Boot2Docker on OSX My MacBook Boot2Docker VM 10.10.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16 10.10.2.1/32 frontend on 8080 10.10.2.2/32 backed (date) on 9999 lo0: 10.10.2.2/32 backend My Shell
  • 28. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 28 Checkout and have fun! www.github.com/medallia/docker www.github.com/medallia/boot2docker-iso docker@medallia.com
  • 29. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 29 Questions?
  • 30. Medallia © Copyright 2015. 30 Jueves 28 de Mayo http://tinyurl.com/ioextendedba