Final Intro Motives Imperialism 2007

Slide 1: Introduction to Imperialism: A PERSIAN Approach

Slide 2: Definition of Imperialism: Process by which one state, with superior military strength and more advanced technology, imposes its control over the land, resources, and population of a less developed region Imperialism, in the context of our studies, runs from the 1880s - 1940s

Slide 3: POLITICAL  European countries competing to be most dominant (It’s a global competition!)  Berlin Conference (1884): Europeans agreed to carve out African colonies

Slide 4: Political European Powers Used One of 4 Approaches:  COLONY (Direct Rule):  NO local control  Euro. Country sends governor, military, bureaucrats to keep order  No intention of respecting or keeping local culture/traditions  Most associated with Germany, Portugal, France

Slide 5: Political  PROTECTORATE (Indirect Rule):  “Make it look like they’re in charge”  European governor “advises” local leaders, military, police carry out European policies  Theoretically respects/preserves local culture  Associated with British

Slide 6: Spheres of Influence / Company Rule  Sphere of Influence:  Most associated with CHINA  Europeans control port cities, only interested in controlling TRADE  Company Rule:  Corportations given charter (gov’t permission) to control lands as part of company  Gov’t gets money in exchange for company charter  Gov’t does not need to spend time and money to control land, gets money  AKA Joint-Stock Companies, example: India

Slide 7: Economic  Industrial Revolution = $$$$  Europeans get:  Cheap resources  Captive customers  Non-Europeans get:  Full-time jobs extracting nat. resources for nothing  Endless supply of industrial goods to buy

Slide 8: Religious  Christian Missionaries are early explorers  Teach locals European languages  Introduce European medicine, religion, schooling, technology  Troubling cultural traditions eradicated (infanticide, etc.)

Slide 9: Social  Local rivalries/infighting reduced  (all equally ‘inferior’ and subjugated by Europeans)  Expectations that people accept European ways

Slide 10: Intellectual  “White Man’s Burden”  Europeans had responsibility to “save” locals from “savage” ways  Sense of Adventure:  Exploring exotic places = 19th century “extreme” activity  Nationalism:  Europeans want their country to win!

Slide 11: Artistic  Propaganda posters used to show superiority of European ways  Advertisements used “exotic” elements to sell goods.

Slide 12: Near Geographic:  Africa:  Carved up by Berlin Conference  Independents: Ethiopia, Liberia  India:  British Raj (rule)  Asia:  Carved up by Europeans, but not as extreme as Africa  Independent: Thailand  Pacific Islands:  Access to natural resources (Germany = chemicals)  Where America had its colonies (Hawaii, Philippines)  Latin America: 

Slide 13: Near Geographic  Shipping Shortcuts:  Suez Canal (connected Mediterranean to Indian Ocean)  Panama Canal (connected Atlantic, Pacific Oceans)  Transport Technology:  Steamships (allow rivers to go against strong currents)  Trains (allow transport of huge amt stuff inland, and to cost)  Allow Europeans to fully infiltrate lands, control much more than before (not just coast)

Slide 14: Near Geographic Technology:  Weaponry (bolt-action rifle, Maxim Gun)  Communication (telegraph, telephone) Disease:  European Diseases (smallpox)  Tropical Diseases (malaria)

Slide 15: Taking Stock…  What elements of Imperialism were positive?  What elements of Imperialism were negative?

Slide 16: Which Makes the World Look Like This… QuickTimeﾪ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. It was said: “The Sun Never Set on the British Empire.” Why?

Slide 17: Part 2: Motives of Imperialism in Pictures Motives of Imperialism: § Political/Territorial § Intellectual § Economic § Exploratory/Adventure § Religious As you see these images, which apply? Why?