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271.150         ASSIGNMENT 1A
                                             WRITING WORKSHOP


Due Date: Wednesday March 27th 4 pm

Use the Library's ARTICLE DATABASES to identify and search relevant journal
article databases to find three journal articles on one communication disorder
covered in your textbook.

The articles should have been published in the last 10 years, be from peer
reviewed journals and be relevant to your level of knowledge (i.e. you can
understand/explain the purpose/results of the article). These articles will form
the basis for the 2nd portion of the written assignment (i.e. part B).

Choose one article to upload into the glossary in the 271.150 Stream page. Give a
brief synopsis of the one chosen article in your own words and the key points you
learnt.
Your brief synopsis may include but is not limited to:


     •   an introduction to the overall goal of the article
     •   a review of what methodology did the researchers use to gain results
     •   what the results indicated
     •   your conclusion based on your review of the article.


The essay should be 500 words or less. Not included in the page limit is a
reference list containing the three articles in correct APA 6th edition format.

Although you did not use all three articles for the summary, you are to reference
all three for this portion of the assignment.

For this portion of the assignment only (i.e. do not provide a flow chart for future
assignments), use a flow chart to document the process of finding these articles
via the library database. Your flow chart should be user friendly so that I am able
to follow your steps and find the same article you have provided.
ASSIGNMENT 1B


  Due Date: Wednesday May 22nd 4 pm (Workshop Tues May 7th 1.30 – 2.30 pm LIB)

  You will write a paper focusing on a particular disorder that affects communication e.g.
  Parkinson’s disease, Stuttering, etc.

  Epidemiological information (e.g. gender effects, prevalence, incidence etc.)
  Aetiology (i.e. cause of the disorder). If the cause is unknown, what are the key theories
  about the cause?
  Communication profile: How do people with the disorder typically function in the
  communication areas listed below? (The following headings are examples)
       Content (semantics)
       Form (phonology, morphology, syntax)
       Use (pragmatics)
  How is the disorder likely to impact the person’s functioning (activities and
  participation)?
  Prognosis (expected outcome) for the communication disorder if known.
  Speech-language therapy intervention – may be best describe one or two common
  therapy types.

  The word limit is 2000 words.
ASSIGNMENT 1A - STRATEGIES



    • Use your textbook and quality online sources to get an overview of the
      condition

    • Use keywords from your overview and from the parts of Assignment B to
      search databases – e.g. MedLine, EBSCO Host Health Database search etc

    • Be patient – there are 100s of articles on each condition

    • Use the titles and abstracts to decide if the article is worth reading

    • If you find a good recent article, look in the reference list and search
      within the same journal for others

    • Select articles which are easier to understand and more relevant to parts
      of this assignment

    • Aim for a balance between review articles and research reports
APA REFERENCE CHECK




  How many errors can you find in this reference list?
  Works Cited

  Kahnemann, D. (2003). Maps of Bounded Rationality. The American economic
      review 93(5), 1449-1475.

  Kahnemann, D., Fredrickson, B. I., Schreiber, C.A., Redelmeier, D.A. (1993).
  When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science
  4(6), pp. 401-405.

  Krause, TR. (2008) The role of cognitive bias in safety decisions. Occupational
      Hazards, 28
APA REFERENCE CHECK




  Correct version
  References

  Kahnemann, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality. The American Economic
      Review, 93(5), 1449-1475.

  Kahnemann, D., Fredrickson, B. I., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993).
      When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological
      Science, 4(6), 401-405.

  Krause, T. R. (2008). The role of cognitive bias in safety decisions. Occupational
      Hazards, 28.
What’s the correct citation and end-of-text
reference for this article?
 Article Title: Rethinking aphasia therapy: A neuroscience perspective
 Author: Rosemary Varley
 Journal: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Vol. 13,
 Issue 1)
 DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2010.497561
 Page numbers: 11-20
 Year: 2011

Varley (2011) argues for a more holistic and concrete approach to therapy for
aphasia, focusing on the use of sensory-perceptual tasks to reconnect
functional and non-functional components of processing systems.

Varley, R. (2011). Rethinking aphasia therapy: A neuroscience perspective.
    International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13(1), 11-20.
    doi: 10.3109/17549507.2010.497561
PLANNING YOUR SYNOPSIS




  Suggestions for how to distribute your 500 words
  among the different sections:

      • overall goal of the article (60 – 80 words / 3 – 5 sentences)

      • methodology (120 – 160 / 5 – 8 sentences)

      • what the results indicated (120 - 160 / 5 – 8 sentences)

      • your conclusion (100 – 150 / 4 – 7 sentences)


      • Every article is different, so the balance will vary, but aim to
        make sure you do cover all the bases.
WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS - 1




       Overall goal of the article (60 – 80 words / 3 – 5
       sentences)

       Could cover:


       •   Which aspect of the disorder the study focuses on
       •   Which gap or problem in existing research it aims to fill
       •   Which research question(s) are stated
       •   Which hypothesis / hypotheses is / are tested
Example:

This article describes a small-scale exploratory study of culturally-
appropriate interventions for elderly adults with dysarthria who
were members of an indigenous Inuit community in Canada. The
authors note that conventional interventions appear to have had
limited success in addressing the needs of the growing numbers of
people with dysarthria from indigenous communities. They
hypothesised that a culturally-appropriate intervention, developed
and ‘owned’ by the communities themselves, would have greater
rates of uptake, completion and perceived impact on the quality of
life of indigenous people with dysarthria than conventional
interventions. (88 words)
WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 2




       Methodology (120 – 160 / 5 – 8 sentences)
       Could cover:

       • General approach (e.g. Quantitative / Qualitative / Mixed
         Methods / Exploratory etc)
       • Research Design (e.g. Comparing treatment and control groups /
         Comparing situation before and after treatment etc)
       • Sampling Method and Size (e.g. Random etc)
       • Procedure (e.g. Three or four steps or stages in the treatment)
       • Data collection (e.g. observation, measurement, interviews, focus
         groups etc)
       • Data analysis (e.g. correlation, regression, coding etc)
Example

The researchers followed a case-study methodology, measuring the
effects of the LSVT program on a single participant – a 48-year-old Israeli
woman who had been diagnosed with Ataxic Dysarthria. The participant
completed a standard LSVT program consisting of 16 sessions over a four-
week period. Treatment sessions focused exclusively on loud phonation,
without attention to speaking rate or articulation. Data, consisting of
both acoustic and perceptual measures, were collected pre- , post- and
delayed post- treatment. Additional data on the social and
communicative impact of the condition were collected pre- and post-
treatment from the participant’s employer (using the Minnesota
Satisfactoriness Scale) and the participant herself (using a semi-
structured interview). Because of the small sample size, gains on the
acoustic measures were analysed through a simple comparison of
means, while gains on the perceptual measures were analysed through a
chi-square test. (139 words)
WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 3




       What the results indicated (120 - 160 / 5 – 8
       sentences)
       Could cover:

       • Was there any gain post-treatment or any significant differences
         between the control and treatment groups?
       • Was the hypothesis (Were the hypotheses) supported or not?
       • How do the authors explain the findings?
       • Did they acknowledge any limitations (which might reduce the
         validity / generalizability of the findings?
Example

The findings support the hypothesis that participation in an intensive
treatment programme, combining phonation, respiratory and physical
therapy can improve the functional speech abilities of an individual with
hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria and cognitive deficits following traumatic
brain injury. Gains were made in speech breathing during oral reading
and monologues, though not in spontaneous speech. Improvements in
lung volume levels were maintained three months post-treatment. The
researchers attributed these gains to increased abdominal strength and
lower ribcage hypertonicity. The validity and generalisability of the study
were limited, however, by its focus on a single participant and lack of
control of extraneous variables. For instance, the participant continued
to practice his own exercises post-treatment, which undermined the
validity of the delayed post-treatment measure. However, in the context
of this case-study, the results indicate that the treatment was successful.
(135 words)
WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 4




   Your conclusion (100 – 150 / 4 – 7 sentences)
   Could cover:

   •   Overall value of the study
   •   Key contributions to knowledge and practice
   •   Ideas for further research to build on the study
   •   What the study highlights about research in SLT
   •   Important limitations
Example

This study highlights the potential for mobile SLT applications to
supplement clinic and home-based services, particularly for assessment
and guidance for the growing numbers of people with dysarthria as a
result of strokes, traumatic brain injury or neurological disorders. The
Action-Research methodology showed how a practising SLT could
incorporate research into her practice, making improvements in both. As a
small-scale pilot study, its results have limited generalisability, but suggest
that well-designed mobile applications can provide trained users with
assessment and treatment information of acceptable reliability. Potential
benefits of the technology include its relatively low cost, its user-
friendliness and, in particular, its impact on the perceived self-esteem and
independence of users (110 words).
This presentation can be viewed online at:
http://tinyurl.com/2013sltworkshop1


                               © 2013

This PowerPoint Presentation and the accompanying handouts
      are copyrighted by Centre for Teaching and Learning,
  Massey University and may not be used, except for personal
  study, without written permission from the copyright owner.
    Please note that examples are provided for illustration of
   writing principles only and no reliance should be placed on
             any of the ideas referred to in the texts.

         Martin McMorrow, Centre for Teaching and Learning
               09 441 8143     slt-alb@massey.ac.nz

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2013 communication disorders assignment 1 a

  • 1. 271.150 ASSIGNMENT 1A WRITING WORKSHOP Due Date: Wednesday March 27th 4 pm Use the Library's ARTICLE DATABASES to identify and search relevant journal article databases to find three journal articles on one communication disorder covered in your textbook. The articles should have been published in the last 10 years, be from peer reviewed journals and be relevant to your level of knowledge (i.e. you can understand/explain the purpose/results of the article). These articles will form the basis for the 2nd portion of the written assignment (i.e. part B). Choose one article to upload into the glossary in the 271.150 Stream page. Give a brief synopsis of the one chosen article in your own words and the key points you learnt.
  • 2. Your brief synopsis may include but is not limited to: • an introduction to the overall goal of the article • a review of what methodology did the researchers use to gain results • what the results indicated • your conclusion based on your review of the article. The essay should be 500 words or less. Not included in the page limit is a reference list containing the three articles in correct APA 6th edition format. Although you did not use all three articles for the summary, you are to reference all three for this portion of the assignment. For this portion of the assignment only (i.e. do not provide a flow chart for future assignments), use a flow chart to document the process of finding these articles via the library database. Your flow chart should be user friendly so that I am able to follow your steps and find the same article you have provided.
  • 3. ASSIGNMENT 1B Due Date: Wednesday May 22nd 4 pm (Workshop Tues May 7th 1.30 – 2.30 pm LIB) You will write a paper focusing on a particular disorder that affects communication e.g. Parkinson’s disease, Stuttering, etc. Epidemiological information (e.g. gender effects, prevalence, incidence etc.) Aetiology (i.e. cause of the disorder). If the cause is unknown, what are the key theories about the cause? Communication profile: How do people with the disorder typically function in the communication areas listed below? (The following headings are examples) Content (semantics) Form (phonology, morphology, syntax) Use (pragmatics) How is the disorder likely to impact the person’s functioning (activities and participation)? Prognosis (expected outcome) for the communication disorder if known. Speech-language therapy intervention – may be best describe one or two common therapy types. The word limit is 2000 words.
  • 4. ASSIGNMENT 1A - STRATEGIES • Use your textbook and quality online sources to get an overview of the condition • Use keywords from your overview and from the parts of Assignment B to search databases – e.g. MedLine, EBSCO Host Health Database search etc • Be patient – there are 100s of articles on each condition • Use the titles and abstracts to decide if the article is worth reading • If you find a good recent article, look in the reference list and search within the same journal for others • Select articles which are easier to understand and more relevant to parts of this assignment • Aim for a balance between review articles and research reports
  • 5. APA REFERENCE CHECK How many errors can you find in this reference list? Works Cited Kahnemann, D. (2003). Maps of Bounded Rationality. The American economic review 93(5), 1449-1475. Kahnemann, D., Fredrickson, B. I., Schreiber, C.A., Redelmeier, D.A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science 4(6), pp. 401-405. Krause, TR. (2008) The role of cognitive bias in safety decisions. Occupational Hazards, 28
  • 6. APA REFERENCE CHECK Correct version References Kahnemann, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality. The American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449-1475. Kahnemann, D., Fredrickson, B. I., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4(6), 401-405. Krause, T. R. (2008). The role of cognitive bias in safety decisions. Occupational Hazards, 28.
  • 7. What’s the correct citation and end-of-text reference for this article? Article Title: Rethinking aphasia therapy: A neuroscience perspective Author: Rosemary Varley Journal: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (Vol. 13, Issue 1) DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2010.497561 Page numbers: 11-20 Year: 2011 Varley (2011) argues for a more holistic and concrete approach to therapy for aphasia, focusing on the use of sensory-perceptual tasks to reconnect functional and non-functional components of processing systems. Varley, R. (2011). Rethinking aphasia therapy: A neuroscience perspective. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13(1), 11-20. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2010.497561
  • 8. PLANNING YOUR SYNOPSIS Suggestions for how to distribute your 500 words among the different sections: • overall goal of the article (60 – 80 words / 3 – 5 sentences) • methodology (120 – 160 / 5 – 8 sentences) • what the results indicated (120 - 160 / 5 – 8 sentences) • your conclusion (100 – 150 / 4 – 7 sentences) • Every article is different, so the balance will vary, but aim to make sure you do cover all the bases.
  • 9. WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS - 1 Overall goal of the article (60 – 80 words / 3 – 5 sentences) Could cover: • Which aspect of the disorder the study focuses on • Which gap or problem in existing research it aims to fill • Which research question(s) are stated • Which hypothesis / hypotheses is / are tested
  • 10. Example: This article describes a small-scale exploratory study of culturally- appropriate interventions for elderly adults with dysarthria who were members of an indigenous Inuit community in Canada. The authors note that conventional interventions appear to have had limited success in addressing the needs of the growing numbers of people with dysarthria from indigenous communities. They hypothesised that a culturally-appropriate intervention, developed and ‘owned’ by the communities themselves, would have greater rates of uptake, completion and perceived impact on the quality of life of indigenous people with dysarthria than conventional interventions. (88 words)
  • 11. WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 2 Methodology (120 – 160 / 5 – 8 sentences) Could cover: • General approach (e.g. Quantitative / Qualitative / Mixed Methods / Exploratory etc) • Research Design (e.g. Comparing treatment and control groups / Comparing situation before and after treatment etc) • Sampling Method and Size (e.g. Random etc) • Procedure (e.g. Three or four steps or stages in the treatment) • Data collection (e.g. observation, measurement, interviews, focus groups etc) • Data analysis (e.g. correlation, regression, coding etc)
  • 12. Example The researchers followed a case-study methodology, measuring the effects of the LSVT program on a single participant – a 48-year-old Israeli woman who had been diagnosed with Ataxic Dysarthria. The participant completed a standard LSVT program consisting of 16 sessions over a four- week period. Treatment sessions focused exclusively on loud phonation, without attention to speaking rate or articulation. Data, consisting of both acoustic and perceptual measures, were collected pre- , post- and delayed post- treatment. Additional data on the social and communicative impact of the condition were collected pre- and post- treatment from the participant’s employer (using the Minnesota Satisfactoriness Scale) and the participant herself (using a semi- structured interview). Because of the small sample size, gains on the acoustic measures were analysed through a simple comparison of means, while gains on the perceptual measures were analysed through a chi-square test. (139 words)
  • 13. WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 3 What the results indicated (120 - 160 / 5 – 8 sentences) Could cover: • Was there any gain post-treatment or any significant differences between the control and treatment groups? • Was the hypothesis (Were the hypotheses) supported or not? • How do the authors explain the findings? • Did they acknowledge any limitations (which might reduce the validity / generalizability of the findings?
  • 14. Example The findings support the hypothesis that participation in an intensive treatment programme, combining phonation, respiratory and physical therapy can improve the functional speech abilities of an individual with hypokinetic-spastic dysarthria and cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury. Gains were made in speech breathing during oral reading and monologues, though not in spontaneous speech. Improvements in lung volume levels were maintained three months post-treatment. The researchers attributed these gains to increased abdominal strength and lower ribcage hypertonicity. The validity and generalisability of the study were limited, however, by its focus on a single participant and lack of control of extraneous variables. For instance, the participant continued to practice his own exercises post-treatment, which undermined the validity of the delayed post-treatment measure. However, in the context of this case-study, the results indicate that the treatment was successful. (135 words)
  • 15. WRITING YOUR SYNOPSIS 4 Your conclusion (100 – 150 / 4 – 7 sentences) Could cover: • Overall value of the study • Key contributions to knowledge and practice • Ideas for further research to build on the study • What the study highlights about research in SLT • Important limitations
  • 16. Example This study highlights the potential for mobile SLT applications to supplement clinic and home-based services, particularly for assessment and guidance for the growing numbers of people with dysarthria as a result of strokes, traumatic brain injury or neurological disorders. The Action-Research methodology showed how a practising SLT could incorporate research into her practice, making improvements in both. As a small-scale pilot study, its results have limited generalisability, but suggest that well-designed mobile applications can provide trained users with assessment and treatment information of acceptable reliability. Potential benefits of the technology include its relatively low cost, its user- friendliness and, in particular, its impact on the perceived self-esteem and independence of users (110 words).
  • 17. This presentation can be viewed online at: http://tinyurl.com/2013sltworkshop1 © 2013 This PowerPoint Presentation and the accompanying handouts are copyrighted by Centre for Teaching and Learning, Massey University and may not be used, except for personal study, without written permission from the copyright owner. Please note that examples are provided for illustration of writing principles only and no reliance should be placed on any of the ideas referred to in the texts. Martin McMorrow, Centre for Teaching and Learning 09 441 8143 slt-alb@massey.ac.nz