US History- English Colinization in America

THE ENGLISH COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA Jamestown and Virginia

MAJOR ENLGISH EXPLORERS
John Cabot
First English explorer to cross the Atlantic
Reached Canada in 1497
Did not return from his second voyage

Henry Hudson
Explored the region of present day New York- 1609
Searching for the Northwest Passage
Hudson River is name for him

Henry Hudson’s Voyage

Queen Elizabeth of England The Golden Age

Sir Francis Drake (late 1500’s)
Served Queen Elizabeth of England as a “ privateer”
Raided Spanish colonial holdings in the New World
First English explorer to sail around the globe

Sir Walter Raleigh
Attempted to start an English colony on Roanoke Island in the 1580’s
English settlers abandoned the colony in the face of starvation
A second attempt ended when the settlers mysteriously vanished in 1587

Jamestown 1607
Established by the Virginia Company as a business venture in the New World
The settlement was established 60 miles inland along the James River (name for King James I of England)
A lack of fresh water and poor farmland created difficulties for the new settlers.

King James I of England cousin of Elizabeth I
After Elizabeth’s death there was a struggle for the throne
The monarchy eventually went to James of Scotland
Stuart line of kings

Virginia Company Seal

Jamestown

The Powhatan Indians

Powhatan people lived in communities and did some farming

The settlers lived in the midst of a very large Native American settlement
The Powhatan people farmed and hunted
-they did not have domesticated
farm animals (cattle, goats, sheep,
chickens, etc.)
Their communities were larger settlements
Governed by a powerful chief

The Ultimate Failure of the Jamestown Settlement
Poor location
Poor farm land, swamps
Disease
Typhus, dysentery, malaria, etc.
Lack of food-starvation
Poor leadership-
John Smith returned to England after being injured
Conflict with the Native Americans
Settlers were not prepared for the harsh conditions and heavy labor

North America- English Colonies
Tobacco became the basis of the colonial economy in the 1600’s
Tobacco plants were brought into North America from the Caribbean and South America

Tobacco farming expanded
Colonists exported 50,000 pounds of tobacco back to Europe by 1618
Major problem-
tobacco plants depleted the soil
As a result, English settlers had to expand further and further into Indian lands
Growing tensions developed
By 1622 Native Americans and the English settlers were in conflict

What else did the English colonists bring to the New World? Columbian Exchange continues

Why were these an important part of the Columbian exchange?

Labor
Labor was often supplied by indentured servants
Contract workers
(usually worked for 7 years)
Given food and shelter
Some were promised land in return for their service

English Pattern of Conquest
The English laid claim to the land
Official and unofficial
Asserted control of the land and its people
Political
Cultural
Generally moved to conquer and control
Did not usually blend with indigenous cultures

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US History- English Colinization in America

by Marsha Scott

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