Part Camp Ny Jun09 Elliott

collaboration :: cooperation :: coordination Coordination, Cooperation & Collaboration Tools & Modalities for Collaborative Planning & Policy-making Participation Camp New York, 2009 Mark Elliott Chief Consultant & Director Collabforge

Starting At The Beginning What is participation? Dictionary: ‘to take part’

Starting At The Beginning ‘Participation’ must get more deﬁned in order to: • to map & augment existing processes • develop new processes • build & or match tools to suit

Understanding Participation What is participation?

Understanding Participation Collective Activity Process Output

Understanding Participation Why are we here?

Understanding Participation Opportunity to engage: • ideas surrounding this event? • presenters like me? • people next to you?

Understanding Participation Potential lies in the space that is our commonalities & differences: • ideas • experiences • resources • connections

Understanding Participation This space is diminished by our proximity here, now.

Understanding Participation This space is a relational space.

Coordination This space is a relational space - deﬁned by the way it brings together disparate people ideas matter

Coordination Collective Activity Process Output disparate elements pulled into a patterns across disparate Coordination relational space elements emerge Example: how a search engine uses keywords to bring together webpages and resources on the Internet.

Cooperation Cooperation (process / set of instructions) provides for transactional exchange that leads to an aggregation of value • reciprocal altruism or recycling • captialism or communism • ﬁle sharing or social bookmarking • lining up for our groceries or trafﬁc lights • representative democracy...

Cooperation cooperative processes can be implicit or explicit conscious or unconscious massive or micro designed or evolved proprietary or open source democratic or autocratic

Cooperation Enabler of cooperative process: compliance of will

Understanding Participation Collective Activity Process Output disparate elements pulled into a patterns across disparate Coordination relational space elements emerge individuals comply to process / aggregated value of Cooperation set of instructions individual contributions Examples: a company & proﬁt, a survey & results, voting & elected politician, taxation & social service.

Collaboration Collaboration = collective creation

Collaboration What do we typically mean by ‘collaboration’? ‘working together towards a shared objective’

Collaboration Collaboration is: Co-creation on part of a group of people with add/edit/delete rights to the same pool of content.

Collaboration Collective Activity Process Output disparate elements pulled into a patterns across disparate Coordination relational space elements emerge individuals comply to process / aggregated value of Cooperation set of instructions individual contributions co-created innovation participants of a group add/edit/ Collaboration representing a shared delete same pool of content understanding

Collaboration Divergent production develops multiple solutions to the same problem domain creative arts, lateral thinking, brainstorming Convergent production is a cognitive process whereby an agent seeks a single best solution mathematics, logic, scientiﬁc method J. P. Guilford (1950; 1962)

Collaboration To ‘consciously collaborate’ have to consider: • What should we collaborate on? • How shall we do it? • medium, process, tools, etc

Negotiation in Collective Activity Collaboration, cooperation & coordination all require amounts of two types of negotiation. Cultural negotiation: language, norms, beliefs, values (sociology) Social negotiation: personal histories & relationships, personalities & computability issues, reputation (psychology)

Negotiation in Collective Activity A collaborative system’s capacity for negotiation is directly proportional to the robustness of its outcomes.

Understanding Participation Collective Process Output Negotiation Activity disparate elements patterns across Low Coordination pulled into a relational disparate elements (cultural) space become visible individuals comply to aggregated value of Medium Cooperation process / set of individual (cultural, social) instructions contributions participants of a group co-created innovation High Collaboration add/edit/deletes same representing a shared (social, cultural) pool of content understanding

Understanding Collaboration

Mass Collaboration Recently, something important has happened: we have broken through collaboration’s glass ceiling wikis disintermediate social negotiation with creative contribution

Thank you! Mark Elliott, Director & Chief Consultant +61 421 978 501 Mark.Elliott@Collabforge.com Twitter: @MarkElliott

Part Camp Ny Jun09 Elliott

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