The document discusses causes and effects of stress, as well as ways to build resilience to stress. It identifies general and specific causes of stress at work and home, including unclear roles, isolation, poor communication, difficult clients or subordinates, and stress from partners, children or domestic arrangements. Effects of stress are outlined for the employee, health, brain, heart, and specific body parts. The document then discusses opposites of stress like Type A and B personalities, and building hardiness through commitment, control and viewing challenges positively. It provides examples of hardiness skills and creating a psychologically healthy workplace to help manage stress.

2. My Tag Line
“Twixt the optimist and the pessimist the
difference is droll:
The optimist sees the doughnut
but the pessimist sees the hole.”
—McLandburgh Wilson, 1915

3. Objectives
1. Know the causes of stress
2. Understand its effects to mind and body
3. Study how to release the bad effects of
stress
4. Compare the opposites of stress and learn
to balance emotions and feelings
5. Prepare your hardiness enhancement plan

4. long or unsociable hours
poor status, pay and promotion prospects
unnecessary rituals and procedures
uncertainty and insecurity
GENERAL CAUSES OF STRESS
insufficient back-up
long or unsociable hours
poor status, pay and promotion prospects
unnecessary rituals and procedures
uncertainty and insecurity

5. Specific Causes of Stress
 unclear role specifications and role conflict
 unrealistically high self-expectations (perfectionism)
 inability to influence decision making (powerlessness)
 frequent clashes with superiors
 isolation from colleagues' support
 poor communication and inadequate leadership
 conflicts with colleagues
 fighting unnecessary battles

6. Task Related Causes of Stress at Work
 difficult clients or subordinates
 insufficient training
 involvement with clients or
subordinates
 the responsibilities of the job
 inability to help or act
effectively

7. Causes of Stress at Home
stress caused by a partner
stress caused by children
stress caused by domestic arrangements
stress caused by environmental pressures upon the
home

8. EFFECTS OF STRESS
(Employee Turn-over)
HEALTH (BODY)
BRAIN (MIND)
HEART (FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS)
- Neck: Stubbornness, flexibility,
- Spine: holding back; guilt; Fear of money
-Shoulders-: attitude
-Hips: fear of going forward
-Ankles: Inflexibility and guilt
-Bunions: lack of joy in meeting experiences

9. RELEASING BAD EFFECTS OF STRESS

10. OPPOSITES OF STRESS **
BALANCING EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS
Type A Personality- is the type of person who is
typically competitive, impatient, hostile, and
control-oriented, when confronting a
challenge.
Type B Personality- is the type of person who
is typically patient, relaxed, and non-competitive
when confronting a challenge .

11. HARDINESS
- a psychological trait with three distinct
aspects of personality: (Components)
1. Commitment (make decisions)
2. ability to control (Getting Involved)
3. challenge ( Stress is Positive)
- can endure the hardships and survive under
unfavorable conditions
Managers with High Hardiness and Low Stress –
35% fewer sick hours
Managers with High Hardiness and HIGH Stress –
57% fewer sick hours

12. What to Do as Managers In
 Evaluate Hiring Practices
 Develop coping skills of employees
 Support policies in the workplace
 Work within current structures
Then Create:
1. Hardiness skills
2. Psychologically healthy work environment
3. Immediate coping skills and resources

13. Psychologically Healthy Workplaces have
 Employee involvement (self managed work teams, task
forces, committees and participative decision making)
 Work-life balance (flexible work and leave options)
 Employees growth and development (Continuing
education, coaching/mentoring/counseling, promotions
and skills training when needed)
 Health and safety (Insurance, fitness and health programs,
Screening and resources for life problems
 Employee recognition (Awards/Recognition, fair
compensation, performance based bonuses and pay
increases

14. Individuals with Hardiness Skills
 Don’t give up easily under pressure
 Are ill less often
 Adapt to stress
 Look for opportunities in problems
 Find their power in every situation
 Learn from mistakes and overcome difficulties
 Find their power in every situation
 Think positive

15. WORKSHOP
Directions:
1. You will find the format where to write your Hardiness Plan. Before you start
writing your answers, think of one specific problem in your life that made you feel
useless because of some reasons. Then identify the first 3 reasons why you felt this
way. Take a look at this example below:
Specific Problem: Presenteeism - Always present at work but can’t concentrate or do
nothing because of headache, migraine, diarrhea, and other ailment.
Specific Problem: Absenteeism- Leave from work due to personal reasons like: sick,
No money for family needs, went on holiday trip, attended group for friendship, etc.
Specific Problem: Burnout- Excessive body pain with feeling of helplessness due to
conflict with co-workers, undesirable workers’ attitudes, depression, emotional guilt
2. Prepare your Hardiness Plan using the format:

16. HARDINESS PLAN
1. Problem Identified:_____________________________________________
What to Do:_____________________________________________________
How to Do it_____________________________________________________
2. Problem Identified:_____________________________________________
What to Do:_____________________________________________________
How to Do it_____________________________________________________
3. Problem Identified:_____________________________________________
What to Do:_____________________________________________________
How to Do it_____________________________________________________