1. The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems
CHAPTER 0
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
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2. Before you can drive the Robotic Car, you must
pass your HW Code Test then your PDL.
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3. OBJECTIVES
 Convert any number from base 2, base 10, or base 16 to either of the other two bases
 Add and subtract hex numbers
 Add binary numbers
 Represent any binary number in 2's complement
 Represent an alphanumeric string in ASCII code
 Describe logical operations AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR
 Use logic gates to diagram simple circuits
 Explain the difference between a bit, a nibble, a byte, and a word
 Give precise mathematical definitions of the terms kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, and
terabyte.
 Explain the difference between RAM and ROM and describe their use
 Describe the purpose of the major components of a computer system
 List the three types of buses found in computers and describe the purpose of each type of
bus
 Describe the role of the CPU in computer systems
 List the major components of CPU and describe the purpose of each
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4. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
 Binary logic
Figure 0–2 Binary Signals
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5. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
 Logic gates
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6. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
 Logic design using gates
Figure 0–3 Two Implementations of a Half-Adder
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7. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
7 Figure 0–4 Block Diagram of a Half-Adder

8. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
Figure 0–5 Full-Adder Built from a Half-Adder
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9. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
9 Figure 0–6 3-Bit Adder Using 3 Full-Adders

10. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
Figure 0–7 Address Decoders
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11. SECTION 0.2: DIGITAL PRIMER
Figure 0–8 D Flip-Flops
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12. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 Some important terminology
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13. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 Internal organization of computers
13 Figure 0–9 Inside the Computer

14. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 More about the data bus
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15. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 More about the address bus
Figure 0–10 Internal Organization of Computers
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16. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 Inside CPUs
Figure 0–11
Internal Block Diagram of a CPU
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17. SECTION 0.3: INSIDE THE COMPUTER
 Internal working of computers
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18. Next …
 Lecture Problems Textbook Chapter 0
– Answer as many questions as you can and
submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.
(HINT: Do the easy questions first)
 Proteus Exercise Textbook Chapter 0
– Do as much of the Proteus exercise as you can
and submit via MeL before the end of the lecture.
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