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ETIQUETTE
                                            IN MALAYSIA

                                            MALAY VS. HAN HOKKIEN CHINESE

Europe
                                            IN KUALA LUMPUR
          Distance 9623.8 km




                                 Malaysia




         ETIQUETTE
         IN MALAYSIA
         MALAY VS. HAN HOKKIEN CHINESE

         IN KUALA LUMPUR
         BY MARCO DE GROEN

                                                                      BY MARCO DE GROEN
WHY?                                                                                                             CONTENT
                                                                                Which color is which group?
There are many Etiquette in Asia. I chose to focus my project on
Malaysia .This because it is a country with many different ethnic origins.
                                                                                   MALAY           HOKKIEN       MALAY + HOKKIEN
I chose to concentrate my research on Kuala Lumpur because the
Capital is populated with more then 20 different ethnicity. The 2 biggest
groups are Malay and HAN Hokkien Chinese. Both groups have specific                        1      GREETING SOMEONE
forms of Etiquette that are rooted deep in religious traditions. This is what                     PAGE 1 - 8
makes them so interesting.



WHY THESE GROUPS?                                                                          2      EXCHANGING OBJECTS
                                                                                                  PAGE 9 - 12

The original inhabitants of Malaysia are called Orang Asli but they where
outnumbered by other ethnic groups coming to Malaysia. There is just a
small group of them left. Therefor they can not represent Malaysia well                    3      ENTERING SOMEONE’S HOUSE
enough. After research I found out that Malay and Han Hokkiens are the                            PAGE 13 - 14
2 biggest ethnic groups in Malaysia. This is why I chose theme.


   KUALA LUMPUR DEMOGRAPHICS                                                               4      HAVING A MEAL TOGETHER
                                                                                                  PAGE 15 - 20
                               43%
                                       38%
                                                                                           5      GENERAL MANNERS
 HAN HOKKIEN                                     MALAY                                            PAGE 21 - 24
               CHRISTIAN                         MUSLIM
            560.000 CITIZENS                     550.000 CITIZENS


                                                                                           6      CONVERSATION HABITS
                                                  19% OTHER                                       PAGE 25 - 30

                                                           490.000 CITIZENS
GREETING SOMEONE

             1
WARM GREETINGS
          “NI HAO”         HOW TO SAY HELLO?
                           Bow to say hello and goodbye say “ni hao”.
    1                      To be super polite ask if they have already eaten.    2
                           If they haven’t then invite them for a meal to make
                           a great impression. Shake hands and bow is both
                           accepted. Bowing in general is a sigh of respect.
                           Many older Chinese lower their eyes during the
                           greeting. This is to show they respect you.


                          “HAVE YOU EATEN ALREADY?”
HOKKIEN




                                                                                 HOKKIEN
“I GREET YOU
                                                                          FROM MY
                                                                           HEART”




   3             “SALAM”                                                              4




                                                                                      MALAY
MALAY




                                                            GREETINGS!
                                                            HOW TO SHAKE HANDS?
        The traditional Malay greeting is called “salam“.
        It resembles a handshake, but with both hands
        stretched out. Both man and woman will offer
        both their hands. You can lightly touch your
        friend’s hands and bring back one hand to your
        chest and say, “I greet you from my heart”.
AVOID TOUCHING
                                    It is not appropriate to touch Hokkiens on
          RUDE TO TOUCH?            their shoulder, also don’t touch them in any
                                    other way. This strongly applies to all Chinese
                                    in general, it is a big offense to tap/touch
    5                               someone on the shoulder. It is said that by        6
           “ONE OF THE              touch/tapping someone’s shoulder, you would

          BIGGEST NO NO             put out one of three holy flames inside the
                                    person’s body. This will cause a lot of bad luck
          FOR CHINESE”              to that particular person.



                           “PUTTING OUT
                            THE FLAMES
                            WILL BRING
HOKKIEN




                                                                                       HOKKIEN
                             BAD LUCK”
Try to avoid touching Malay on their body or to
                                  kiss them in their face. The head and face are
                                  considered to be the home of the human soul.
                                  You can only shake hands if they will reach out
                                  for you to shake their hands.




   7
                                                          “DO NOT                   8
                                                         TOUCH MY
                                                           PRIDE”




                                                                                    MALAY
MALAY




        NOT CLOSE? AVOID TOUCH
        THE FACE, A HOLY TEMPLE
EXCHANGING OBJECTS

2
“MALAY WILL GIVE THEIR CARD        “BUSINESS CARDS ARE GIVEN WITH
                  WITH THEIR RIGHT HAND”          BOTH HANDS AND THUMBS UP, DO NOT
                                                  DIRECTLY HIDE IT AWAY, THIS IS RUDE”



   9                                                                                     10
MALAY




                                                                                          HOKKIEN
        RIGHT HAND                             BOTH HANDS
        EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS             EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS
11                                                    12



                                   “ACCEPT OBJECTS WITH
                                    BOTH HANDS, THIS TO
                                    SHOW YOU ARE FULLY
                                        INTERESTED
                                      AND DEDICATED”
HOKKIEN




                                                           HOKKIEN
          ACCEPTING THE RIGHT WAY
          HOW TO ACCEPT OBJECTS?
ENTERING SOMEONE’S
HOUSE
      3
“WHEN ENTERING
        SOMEONE’S HOUSE,YOU
        MUST TAKE THEM OFF”



                              “AVOID WEARING
                                  BLACK”
   13                                                                                         14

                                           Some colors have different meanings for
                                           Hokkien. The most familiar one is red which
                                           symbolizes prosperity/luck. This is important
                                           to remember when publishing or designing



        SHOES OFF
                                           products. Black is a big taboo color because it
                                           is connected to funerals and bad luck. Try to
                                           avoid wearing black especially completely black
                                           outfits during celebration days like Chinese New
MALAY




                                                                                               HOKKIEN
        PUT OFF YOU SHOES?                 Year, Birthdays and Weddings.




                              COLOR MATCH
                                  WHAT SHOULD YOU WEAR?
4
WHEN HAVING A MEAL
CHOPSTICK RULES
          When having a meal it is important to use the
          chopsticks correctly. Do not use them as fork,
          and don’t stick both chopsticks in your meal!
          Chinese believe in the after life and by sticking
          the chopsticks in the meal you are inviting the
          spirits to eat it.                                                          HOW TO USE THEM?
    15                                                                                                                   16
                                                                    “A RITUAL OF INCENSE
                                                                        BURNING THAT
                                                                   SYMBOLIZES FEEDING THE
                                                                     DEAD AND DEATH IN
                                                                          GENERAL”
HOKKIEN




                                                                                                                          HOKKIEN
                                                                  Try not to place your chopsticks straight up in your
                                                                  bowl. By placing your chopsticks like this you will
            “INVITING SPIRITS TO                                  remind your host of joint chopstick sticks which is
              EAT YOUR MEAL”                                      connected with death and funerals.
SHOW YOUR MANNERS
          WHY NOT SHARE BILLS?
    17                                                                                     18


                                                             “IT IS A SIGN OF RESPECT TO
                                                             LET SOMEONE PAY THE BILL”
HOKKIEN




                                                                                            HOKKIEN
          Try not to share the bill while eating together,
          its a sign of respect to let someone pay the
          bill. This is no problem as long as you will do
          it yourself the next time you will have a meal
          with this person. For Chinese it is still very
          common to do this when you are going out for
          a meal with your boss or someone important.
EMPTY YOUR PLATE?
          WHY LEAVE SOME FOOD?
    19                                                                             20




                                 Cleaning your plate is fine but don’t clean the
                                 plate where the dishes are being serve on.
                                 Leave a bit to on the plate to show some
HOKKIEN




                                                                                    HOKKIEN
                                 modesty. Also on a day like Chinese New Year
                                 leaving a bit behind means you have an extra
                                 spiritual food reserve through out the year.




                                 “IT IS OK TO LEAVE SOME
                                 FOOD BEHIND”
GENERAL MANNERS

            5
“TRY NOT TO PASS THINGS           “AVOID SAYING NO, IT IS
                  OVER THE HEAD OF PEOPLE          RUDE AND IT SHOWS YOU
                  IN ASIA, IT IS REALLY RUDE            ARE NOT WILLING”
                  AND BRINGS BAD
                  LUCK”



         21                                                               22
MALAY + HOKKIEN




                                                                              MALAY + HOKKIEN
                                                NO,NO,NO!
                  PASS IT                         AVOID SAYING NO

                  AVOID PASSING OVER THE HEAD
“TRY NOT TO SHOW PEOPLE
        THE BOTTOM OF YOUR FEET,
            IT IS AN INSULTING
                 GESTURE”
                                    BAD LUCK
                                   RED WRITING BAD LUCK?

   23                                                            24

                                      “AVOID WRITING A CHINESE
                                        PERSONS NAME IN RED
                                     COLOR,THIS WILL BRING BAD
                                        LUCK TO THE PERSON”
MALAY




                                                                  HOKKIEN
        BARE SOLES
        THE BOTTOM OF YOUR FEET
CONVERSATION HABITS

6
“ASIANS WILL SMILE                “TRY NOT USE LARGE HAND
                  WHEN EMBARRASSED.            MOVEMENTS. CHINESE DO NOT SPEAK
                  SMILE EMBARRASSMENT         WITH THEIR HANDS. LARGE MOVEMENTS
                  AWAY THEY SAY”                  COULD MEAN YOUR ANGRY OR
                                                          PROVOCATIVE”




         25                                                                   26
MALAY + HOKKIEN




                                                                                  HOKKIEN
                  SMILE!                     BIG MOVES
                  EMBARRASSED? THEN SMILE!   MOVE GENTLE PLEASE
“TRY NOT TO USE YOUR FINGER   “POINT WITH YOU THUMB
         INDEX TO POINT SOMEWHERE.    AND FINGERS CLOSED TO
        IT IS CONSIDERED VERY RUDE”        FORM A FIST.”



   27                                                         28




                                                               MALAY
MALAY




             DON’T POINT LIKE THAT
             HOW TO USE YOUR HANDS WHILE POINTING?
“PUTTING YOUR HANDS                              “A LONG SILENCE IS ACCEPTED”
        IN YOUR POCKETS WHILE
        HAVING A CONVERSATION
        MEANS YOUR IMPATIENT
        WITH THE PERSON”



   29                                                                               30




        IMPATIENT?
        HANDS IN YOUR POCKETS




                                                                                        MALAY
MALAY




                                Periods of silence are considered acceptable
                                and can be expected while having an
                                conversation with Malay. Especially after a
                                question is asked to them. Avoid interrupting
                                them or showing displeasure through facial or
                                eye movements. Be patient.




                                                SILENCE....
                                   THINK FIRST, IT IS NORMAL
COMPARED TO EUROPE                                                               COLOFON

1   GREETING SOMEONE                                            CONCEPT BY
    - EUROPEANS SHAKE HANDS AND WILL KISS PEOPLE                MARCO DE GROEN AND VERNON CHAN
    - ITS IS NORMAL TO TOUCH PEOPLE TO ENCOURAGE THEM
    - MAN AND WOMAN ARE TREATED THE SAME WHEN GREETED


2   EXCHANGING OBJECTS                                          PHOTOGRAPHY BY
    - BUSINESS CARDS DON’T HAVE THE SAME VALUE AS IN MALAYSIA   MARCO DE GROEN AND ANDREW LEE - ART DYNAMICS
    - CARDS CAN BE GIVEN WITH ANY HAND
    - OBJECTS ARE ACCEPTED WITH ANY HAND LEFT OR RIGHT


3   ENTERING SOMEONE’S HOUSE                                    MODELS
    - PEOPLE ONLY TAKE OFF THEIR SHOES WHEN ASKED               ANGEL DE GROEN, JW HON, NINIE, THASHA
    - THERE IS NO COLOR THAT HAS A PARTICULAR MEANING WHILE
    WEARING IT.

4   HAVING A MEAL TOGETHER                                      MODELS PROVIDED BY
    - PEOPLE DON’T USE CHOPSTICKS, THEY USE KNIFE AND FORK      GLITZTALENT MODEL & TALENT MANAGEMENT
    - USUALLY YOU WILL PAY YOUR OWN FOOD OR BILLS
    - MEALS ARE ALWAYS FINISHED, IT IS A SHAME TO WASTE FOOD


5   GENERAL MANNERS                                             TEXT WRITTEN BY
    - IT IS NORMAL TO SAY “NO” TO PEOPLE IF YOU DON’T AGREE     MARCO DE GROEN
    - EUROPEANS WILL USUALLY DIRECTLY SAY WHAT THEY THINK
    - SHOWING YOUR FEET DOES NOT HAVE ANY MEANING


6   CONVERSATION HABITS                                         GRAPHIC DESIGN BY
    - EUROPEANS USE THEIR HANDS A LOT TO COMMUNICATE            MARCO DE GROEN
    - WHEN ANGRY PEOPLE WILL SHOW IT TO YOU
    - THEY WILL POINT TO OBJECTS OR PEOPLE TO MENTION THEM

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Etiquette Marco Final

  • 1. ETIQUETTE IN MALAYSIA MALAY VS. HAN HOKKIEN CHINESE Europe IN KUALA LUMPUR Distance 9623.8 km Malaysia ETIQUETTE IN MALAYSIA MALAY VS. HAN HOKKIEN CHINESE IN KUALA LUMPUR BY MARCO DE GROEN BY MARCO DE GROEN
  • 2. WHY? CONTENT Which color is which group? There are many Etiquette in Asia. I chose to focus my project on Malaysia .This because it is a country with many different ethnic origins. MALAY HOKKIEN MALAY + HOKKIEN I chose to concentrate my research on Kuala Lumpur because the Capital is populated with more then 20 different ethnicity. The 2 biggest groups are Malay and HAN Hokkien Chinese. Both groups have specific 1 GREETING SOMEONE forms of Etiquette that are rooted deep in religious traditions. This is what PAGE 1 - 8 makes them so interesting. WHY THESE GROUPS? 2 EXCHANGING OBJECTS PAGE 9 - 12 The original inhabitants of Malaysia are called Orang Asli but they where outnumbered by other ethnic groups coming to Malaysia. There is just a small group of them left. Therefor they can not represent Malaysia well 3 ENTERING SOMEONE’S HOUSE enough. After research I found out that Malay and Han Hokkiens are the PAGE 13 - 14 2 biggest ethnic groups in Malaysia. This is why I chose theme. KUALA LUMPUR DEMOGRAPHICS 4 HAVING A MEAL TOGETHER PAGE 15 - 20 43% 38% 5 GENERAL MANNERS HAN HOKKIEN MALAY PAGE 21 - 24 CHRISTIAN MUSLIM 560.000 CITIZENS 550.000 CITIZENS 6 CONVERSATION HABITS 19% OTHER PAGE 25 - 30 490.000 CITIZENS
  • 4. WARM GREETINGS “NI HAO” HOW TO SAY HELLO? Bow to say hello and goodbye say “ni hao”. 1 To be super polite ask if they have already eaten. 2 If they haven’t then invite them for a meal to make a great impression. Shake hands and bow is both accepted. Bowing in general is a sigh of respect. Many older Chinese lower their eyes during the greeting. This is to show they respect you. “HAVE YOU EATEN ALREADY?” HOKKIEN HOKKIEN
  • 5. “I GREET YOU FROM MY HEART” 3 “SALAM” 4 MALAY MALAY GREETINGS! HOW TO SHAKE HANDS? The traditional Malay greeting is called “salam“. It resembles a handshake, but with both hands stretched out. Both man and woman will offer both their hands. You can lightly touch your friend’s hands and bring back one hand to your chest and say, “I greet you from my heart”.
  • 6. AVOID TOUCHING It is not appropriate to touch Hokkiens on RUDE TO TOUCH? their shoulder, also don’t touch them in any other way. This strongly applies to all Chinese in general, it is a big offense to tap/touch 5 someone on the shoulder. It is said that by 6 “ONE OF THE touch/tapping someone’s shoulder, you would BIGGEST NO NO put out one of three holy flames inside the person’s body. This will cause a lot of bad luck FOR CHINESE” to that particular person. “PUTTING OUT THE FLAMES WILL BRING HOKKIEN HOKKIEN BAD LUCK”
  • 7. Try to avoid touching Malay on their body or to kiss them in their face. The head and face are considered to be the home of the human soul. You can only shake hands if they will reach out for you to shake their hands. 7 “DO NOT 8 TOUCH MY PRIDE” MALAY MALAY NOT CLOSE? AVOID TOUCH THE FACE, A HOLY TEMPLE
  • 9. “MALAY WILL GIVE THEIR CARD “BUSINESS CARDS ARE GIVEN WITH WITH THEIR RIGHT HAND” BOTH HANDS AND THUMBS UP, DO NOT DIRECTLY HIDE IT AWAY, THIS IS RUDE” 9 10 MALAY HOKKIEN RIGHT HAND BOTH HANDS EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS
  • 10. 11 12 “ACCEPT OBJECTS WITH BOTH HANDS, THIS TO SHOW YOU ARE FULLY INTERESTED AND DEDICATED” HOKKIEN HOKKIEN ACCEPTING THE RIGHT WAY HOW TO ACCEPT OBJECTS?
  • 12. “WHEN ENTERING SOMEONE’S HOUSE,YOU MUST TAKE THEM OFF” “AVOID WEARING BLACK” 13 14 Some colors have different meanings for Hokkien. The most familiar one is red which symbolizes prosperity/luck. This is important to remember when publishing or designing SHOES OFF products. Black is a big taboo color because it is connected to funerals and bad luck. Try to avoid wearing black especially completely black outfits during celebration days like Chinese New MALAY HOKKIEN PUT OFF YOU SHOES? Year, Birthdays and Weddings. COLOR MATCH WHAT SHOULD YOU WEAR?
  • 14. CHOPSTICK RULES When having a meal it is important to use the chopsticks correctly. Do not use them as fork, and don’t stick both chopsticks in your meal! Chinese believe in the after life and by sticking the chopsticks in the meal you are inviting the spirits to eat it. HOW TO USE THEM? 15 16 “A RITUAL OF INCENSE BURNING THAT SYMBOLIZES FEEDING THE DEAD AND DEATH IN GENERAL” HOKKIEN HOKKIEN Try not to place your chopsticks straight up in your bowl. By placing your chopsticks like this you will “INVITING SPIRITS TO remind your host of joint chopstick sticks which is EAT YOUR MEAL” connected with death and funerals.
  • 15. SHOW YOUR MANNERS WHY NOT SHARE BILLS? 17 18 “IT IS A SIGN OF RESPECT TO LET SOMEONE PAY THE BILL” HOKKIEN HOKKIEN Try not to share the bill while eating together, its a sign of respect to let someone pay the bill. This is no problem as long as you will do it yourself the next time you will have a meal with this person. For Chinese it is still very common to do this when you are going out for a meal with your boss or someone important.
  • 16. EMPTY YOUR PLATE? WHY LEAVE SOME FOOD? 19 20 Cleaning your plate is fine but don’t clean the plate where the dishes are being serve on. Leave a bit to on the plate to show some HOKKIEN HOKKIEN modesty. Also on a day like Chinese New Year leaving a bit behind means you have an extra spiritual food reserve through out the year. “IT IS OK TO LEAVE SOME FOOD BEHIND”
  • 18. “TRY NOT TO PASS THINGS “AVOID SAYING NO, IT IS OVER THE HEAD OF PEOPLE RUDE AND IT SHOWS YOU IN ASIA, IT IS REALLY RUDE ARE NOT WILLING” AND BRINGS BAD LUCK” 21 22 MALAY + HOKKIEN MALAY + HOKKIEN NO,NO,NO! PASS IT AVOID SAYING NO AVOID PASSING OVER THE HEAD
  • 19. “TRY NOT TO SHOW PEOPLE THE BOTTOM OF YOUR FEET, IT IS AN INSULTING GESTURE” BAD LUCK RED WRITING BAD LUCK? 23 24 “AVOID WRITING A CHINESE PERSONS NAME IN RED COLOR,THIS WILL BRING BAD LUCK TO THE PERSON” MALAY HOKKIEN BARE SOLES THE BOTTOM OF YOUR FEET
  • 21. “ASIANS WILL SMILE “TRY NOT USE LARGE HAND WHEN EMBARRASSED. MOVEMENTS. CHINESE DO NOT SPEAK SMILE EMBARRASSMENT WITH THEIR HANDS. LARGE MOVEMENTS AWAY THEY SAY” COULD MEAN YOUR ANGRY OR PROVOCATIVE” 25 26 MALAY + HOKKIEN HOKKIEN SMILE! BIG MOVES EMBARRASSED? THEN SMILE! MOVE GENTLE PLEASE
  • 22. “TRY NOT TO USE YOUR FINGER “POINT WITH YOU THUMB INDEX TO POINT SOMEWHERE. AND FINGERS CLOSED TO IT IS CONSIDERED VERY RUDE” FORM A FIST.” 27 28 MALAY MALAY DON’T POINT LIKE THAT HOW TO USE YOUR HANDS WHILE POINTING?
  • 23. “PUTTING YOUR HANDS “A LONG SILENCE IS ACCEPTED” IN YOUR POCKETS WHILE HAVING A CONVERSATION MEANS YOUR IMPATIENT WITH THE PERSON” 29 30 IMPATIENT? HANDS IN YOUR POCKETS MALAY MALAY Periods of silence are considered acceptable and can be expected while having an conversation with Malay. Especially after a question is asked to them. Avoid interrupting them or showing displeasure through facial or eye movements. Be patient. SILENCE.... THINK FIRST, IT IS NORMAL
  • 24. COMPARED TO EUROPE COLOFON 1 GREETING SOMEONE CONCEPT BY - EUROPEANS SHAKE HANDS AND WILL KISS PEOPLE MARCO DE GROEN AND VERNON CHAN - ITS IS NORMAL TO TOUCH PEOPLE TO ENCOURAGE THEM - MAN AND WOMAN ARE TREATED THE SAME WHEN GREETED 2 EXCHANGING OBJECTS PHOTOGRAPHY BY - BUSINESS CARDS DON’T HAVE THE SAME VALUE AS IN MALAYSIA MARCO DE GROEN AND ANDREW LEE - ART DYNAMICS - CARDS CAN BE GIVEN WITH ANY HAND - OBJECTS ARE ACCEPTED WITH ANY HAND LEFT OR RIGHT 3 ENTERING SOMEONE’S HOUSE MODELS - PEOPLE ONLY TAKE OFF THEIR SHOES WHEN ASKED ANGEL DE GROEN, JW HON, NINIE, THASHA - THERE IS NO COLOR THAT HAS A PARTICULAR MEANING WHILE WEARING IT. 4 HAVING A MEAL TOGETHER MODELS PROVIDED BY - PEOPLE DON’T USE CHOPSTICKS, THEY USE KNIFE AND FORK GLITZTALENT MODEL & TALENT MANAGEMENT - USUALLY YOU WILL PAY YOUR OWN FOOD OR BILLS - MEALS ARE ALWAYS FINISHED, IT IS A SHAME TO WASTE FOOD 5 GENERAL MANNERS TEXT WRITTEN BY - IT IS NORMAL TO SAY “NO” TO PEOPLE IF YOU DON’T AGREE MARCO DE GROEN - EUROPEANS WILL USUALLY DIRECTLY SAY WHAT THEY THINK - SHOWING YOUR FEET DOES NOT HAVE ANY MEANING 6 CONVERSATION HABITS GRAPHIC DESIGN BY - EUROPEANS USE THEIR HANDS A LOT TO COMMUNICATE MARCO DE GROEN - WHEN ANGRY PEOPLE WILL SHOW IT TO YOU - THEY WILL POINT TO OBJECTS OR PEOPLE TO MENTION THEM