Hacking with ruby2ruby

Hacking with ruby2ruby Marc Chung OpenRain blog.marcchung.com blog.openrain.com @heisenthought

ruby2ruby Ruby2Ruby Walks the Ruby AST To emit Ruby

sudo gem install ruby2ruby

Limitations • Only Ruby 1.8 • Not 1.9, yet • Built into Rubinius

function rhino_rocks() { return “Rhino, rocks!”; }

js> rhino_rocks(); Rhino, rocks!

js> rhino_rocks.toString(); function rhino_rocks() { return “Rhino, rocks!”; }

js> eval(rhino_rocks.toString()).call(); Rhino, rocks!

ruby_rocks = proc { return “Ruby, rocks”; }

irb> ruby_rocks.call; Ruby, rocks!

irb> require “ruby2ruby” irb> require “parse_tree_extensions” irb> ruby_rocks.to_ruby proc { return “Ruby, rocks” }

irb> eval(ruby_rocks.to_ruby).call Ruby, rocks!

deﬁne_method class Voice deﬁne_method(:shout) do |word| word.upcase! end end puts Ruby2Ruby.translate(Voice)

class Voice < Object def yell(word) word.upcase! end end

alias class AliasClass def old_busted quot;42quot; end alias_method :new_hotness, :old_busted end puts Ruby2Ruby.translate(AliasClass)

class AliasClass < Object def new_hotness quot;42quot; end def old_busted quot;42quot; end end

#module_function module HelperModule def help puts quot;Help mequot; end module_function : help end puts Ruby2Ruby.translate(HelperModule)

module HelperModule def help puts(quot;Help mequot;) end def self. help puts(quot;Help mequot;) end end

ActiveRecord Models class Doctor < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :patients end

See, Ruby, Run! • Drmap • git clone git://github.com/mchung/drmap.git • Optionally, install Journeta

Under the hood • Abstract syntax trees • S-expressions • ParseTree

class Book def title “Ruby programming” end end

case NODE_BREAK: case NODE_NEXT: if (node->nd_stts) add_to_parse_tree(self, current, node->nd_stts, locals); break; case NODE_YIELD: if (node->nd_stts) add_to_parse_tree(self, current, node->nd_stts, locals); if (node->nd_stts && (nd_type(node->nd_stts) == NODE_ARRAY || nd_type(node->nd_stts) == NODE_ZARRAY) && !node->nd_state) rb_ary_push(current, Qtrue); break;

[:class, :Book, [:const, :Object], [:defn, :title, [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:str, quot;Ruby programmingquot;]]]]]

class Book < Object def title “Ruby programming” end end

/opt/local/usr/bin • parse_tree_show • r2r_show

class Book def title “Ruby programming” end end

$ parse_tree_show book.rb

s(:class, :Book, nil, s(:scope, s(:defn, :title, s(:args), s(:scope, s(:block, s(:str, quot;Ruby programmingquot;))))))

$ r2r_show book.rb

class Book def title() “Ruby programming” end end

Operator Precedence with Guy Decoux: a b c, d [[:fcall, :a, [:array, [:fcall, :b, [:array, [:vcall, :c], [:vcall, :d]]]]]] ParseTree.new.parse_tree_for_string(“a b c, d”)

ruby2java

class JavaClass def self.main puts “Java, rocks!” end end

[:class, :JavaClass, [:const, :Object], [:defs, [:self], :main, [:scope, [:block, [:args], [:fcall, :puts, [:array, [:str, quot;Hello, Javaquot;]]]]]]]

class Ruby2Java < SexpProcessor def process_class(exp) “public class #{exp.shift} #{next_token(exp, true)}” end def process_const(exp) “extends #{exp.shift}” end .... end

public class JavaClass { public static void main(String argv[]) { return “Hello, Java”; } }

Distributing Ruby • drmap - multi-machine worker queue • gisting - map/reduce framework

drmap irb> fn = proc {|x| x**10} irb> YAML::dump(fn) => quot;--- !ruby/object:Proc {}nnquot; irb> Marshal.dump(fn) TypeError: no marshal_dump is deﬁned for class Proc irb> YAML::dump(fn.to_ruby) => quot;--- proc { |x| (x ** 10) }nquot; irb> Marshal.dump(fn.to_ruby) => quot;004bquot;eproc { |x| (x ** 10) }quot;

Enumerable#drmap

module Enumerable def drmap(&block) pool = Drmap::BeanstalkPool.new jid = rand(100) each_with_index do |element, idx| pool.put_job(jid, block.to_ruby, element) end results = [] while results.size < length results << pool.next_result(jid) end results end end

def process loop do begin job_payload = next_job fn = job_payload[:proc] data = job_payload[:data] result = eval(fn).call(data) save(job_payload[:jid], result) success! rescue => e fail!(e) end end end

drmap • Trivial • Distributed • Powerful

Demo time!

Gisting • MapReduce in Ruby • http://github.com/mchung/gisting

map / reduce • Functional programming • Iterating over collections • (5..10).map {|x| x+1} #=> [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] • (5..10).reduce(:+) #=> 45

Google MapReduce • Modeled after map() and reduce() • Programming model • Programs are trivially parallelizable

Demo time!

Gisting::Spec

input.ﬁle_pattern = quot;ﬁle.txtquot; input.map do |map_input| words = map_input.strip.split(quot;tquot;) Emit(words[1], quot;1quot;) end

output.reduce do |reduce_input| count = 0 reduce_input.each do |value| count += value.to_i end Emit(count) end

inputs = args spec = Gisting::Spec.new inputs.each do |file_input| input = spec.add_input input.file_pattern = file_input input.map do |map_input| # 2722 mailbox 2006-05-23 00:08:39 words = map_input.strip.split(quot;tquot;) Emit(words[1], quot;1quot;) end end output = spec.output output.filebase = quot;/Users/mchung/Public/datasets/outputquot; output.num_tasks = 2 output.reduce do |reduce_input| count = 0 reduce_input.each do |value| count += value.to_i end Emit(count) end result = MapReduce(spec) pp result

Gisting • MapReduce programming model in Ruby • Uses ruby2ruby to serialize procs • Uses EventMachine for Map/ReduceServer

• -: 94978 • mailbox: 20872 • google: 6758 • ebay: 2832 • yahoo: 2674 • yahoo.com: 2198 • myspace.com: 1916 • google.com: 1882

self.give(:thanks) OpenRain openrain.com My Git Repo github.com/mchung Marc Chung blog.marcchung.com Ruby::AZ rubyaz.org

Resources Code Generation: The Safety Scissors Of Metaprogramming mwrc2008.confreaks.com/03bowkett.html Forbidden Fruit: A Taste of Ruby's Parse Tree goruco2008.confreaks.com/03_wanstrath.html Ruby2Ruby seattlerb.rubyforge.org/ruby2ruby/ ParseTree parsetree.rubyforge.org

Hacking with ruby2ruby

by Marc Chung

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