IT HELPS TO KNOW ABOUT DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIO-FUEL PLANTS ARE USED IN SOUTH INDIA , AND THEIR BENEFITS

3. Dr. UMASHANKAR .N ,
ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY,
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE HASSAN.

4. Energy crops
•Plant species that are efficient users of
solar energy for converting CO2 into
biomass, which can be used as a source
of energy are called energy crops.

5. High yield of oil %.
Least risk of failure.
Least cultivation inputs.
High acceptability of farmers.
Suitability of oil for diesel.
 Wide adaptability to stress.
Fast growing &Short rotation.
Availability of seed materials.
Least disease occurrence.
Jatropha curcas

6. Different generations of biofuels
1.
• First generation Biofuels.
2.
• Second generation biofuels.
3.
• Third generation biofuels.
4.
• Fourth generation biofuels.

7. •First generation biofuels
•Biofuels obtained from
such crops that
accumulate sugar, starch
or oil and are also used as
human food or animal
feed are called first
generation biofuels.

8. First generation biofuel
1. BIOETHANAL
From
• Sugarcane
• Sugar beet
• Maize
• Wheat
2. BIODIESEL
From
• Palm oil
• Vegetable oil
• Rape seed oil
• Sunflower oil
3. BIOGAS
From
Energy crop
• Maize
• Sugar beet
2. BIOMASS TO
LIQUID
From
• Wood

9. The Biofuels are produced
from lignocelluloses biomass
that is not edible and oil
produced from non food
plants like jatropha are called
Second generation Biofuels.
•second generation biofuels

10. SECOND generation biofuel
1.NON FOOD FEEDSTOCKS
Residues from already
existing biomass stocks E.g.
• Food waste
• Farm slurry
• Chicken litter
• Waste wood
2.IMPROVED CONVERSION
TECHNOLOGY
• More complete
conversion of
cellulosic plant
fraction.
• Grow on marginal land
3.IMPROVEDGHG
PERFORMANCE
Compared to 1st
generation

11. Non edible oil tree species
• Neem (Azadirachta indica),
• Karanj (Pongamia pinnata ),
• Meswak (Salvadora species ),
• Mahua (Madhuca indica ),
• Rubber ( Hevea species ),
• Castor (Ricinus communis ),
• Palm oil / Rice bran oil ,
• Jatropha (Jatropha curcas ).

12. They are derived from
microalgae, which give high
biomass yield and do not
compete with agricultural
production system.
•Third generation biofuels

14. •The fourth generation biofuels are likely to involve
harvesting of solar energy to produce hydrogen or
electricity by making an ingenious use of the
photosynthetic apparatus.
•Fourth generation biofuels

16. wood
sugar and starch crops
hydrocarbon producing crops

17. WOOD
 It is obtained from fast
growing trees like Butea,
Casurina, Leucaena,
Eucalyptus, etc.
 The predominant mode of
utilization of wood as an
energy source is in the form
of firewood, which is rather
in efficient.
Eucalyptus
Casurina

18. SUGAR AND STARCH CROPS
•These crops are generally efficient converters of solar
energy and produce either fermentable sugars, (e.g.
sugarcane sugar beet ) or starch (e.g. cereals, millets, roots
and tuber crops etc. ) which can be converted into
fermentable sugars.
•These crops are used to produce bioethanol but they also
have uses as food, feed, etc., which may often compete with
biofuel production.

20. Hydrocarbon producing crops
• some plants like Euphorbia lathyris, milk weed and tree
legume produce hydrocarbons which can be converted
into and used as diesel, called biodiesel.
Tree legume Common milk weed

21. •In addition, some freshwater and
marine algae are also known to
accumulate hydrocarbons.
•Some algae like Chlamydomonas
and anaerobic bacteria like
Clastridium produce hydrogen
gas, which can be used as a
pollution free fuel. if algae are
used to produce hydrogen from
sunlight, they could be regarded
as energy crops as well.
Clastridium

22. Biofuel plants

23. Species % of Oil
• Pongamia pinnata 35-40
• Jatropha curcas 35-40
• Madhuca indica 25-30
• Azadirachta indica 30-35
• Simarouba glauca 60-65
• Calophyllum inophyllum 55-65
• Mesua ferrea 55-65
• Aphanamixis polystachya 40-45
Important species

24. Uses :
•Biofuel
•Cake as manure
•Green manure
•Soap preparation
•Leather industry
•Medicine
•Lighting lamps
•pesticides
Pongamia pinnata (Honge)

25. • The Pongamia cake has multiple uses , it can be used as a quality
fertilizer, if it available in large quantity .
• Pongamia can grow any where – Road side , Borders of cropland,
School compound surroundings etc.
• Pongamia oil is a deep yellow , or reddish brown oil extracted
from the seeds of east Indian tree Pongamia.
• The various physical properties of Pongamia oil have been
determined experimentally and are compared with those of
Diesel.
• Most of the properties except its viscosity are nearer to diesel
properties which makes it so suitable for diesel.

27. COMPARITION
PROPERTIES PONGAMIA DIESEL
DENSITY (Kg/m ) 925 850
VISCOSITY (C S ) 2.0 to 6 1.2 to 2
NET CALORIFICVALUE (KJ/Kg ) 37000 42000
GROSS CALORIFICVALUE (KJ/Kg ) 40000 44000
MOISTURE ANDVOLATILE MATTER 0.1 % 25 %
ACIDVALUE 2 0.06
IODINE VALUE 105 38.3
3

28. Jatropha curcas
• Family : Euphorbiaceae
• Flowering: May-August
• Harvesting: August-October
• Yield : 3yr onwards
Seed yield / tree
• 3 yr. : 150-300kg
• Oil percentage : 20-25%(seed),
40-45%(kernel)
Uses:
•Biofuel
•Cake as manure
•Medicine
•Insecticide
•Live fence

29. • jatropha curcas - Jatropha is a genus of about 175 plants . It is a small
shrub native of Central America and a member of the Euphorbia family
• It is a hardy, drought and pest-resistant plant.
• It produces seeds containing up to 35 to 40% oil., it living up to 50 years
and growing on marginal soils.
• Oil: Not Edible.
 Grows almost anywhere including wastelands, gravelly, sandy, and saline
soils.
 Complete germination is achieved within 9 day.
 Survives and thrives on a mere 250 mm (10 inches) of rain a year.

30. Botanical features:
• Large green to pale-green leaves
• Flowering plant
• Fruits are produced in winter or throughout the year depending on temperature and
soil moisture.
• Seeds become mature when the capsules change from green to yellow.

31. The Production Process

32. Azadirachta indica
 Family : meliaceae
 Flowering: March-May
 Harvesting: June-August
 Yielding : 5 yr. onwards
Average seed yield ? tree
 After 10yrs : 5-10kg
 After 20yrs : 25-30kg
 Oil %age : 15-20%(seed)
25-35%(kernel)
Uses:
Biofuel
Medicine
Cake
Green manure
Insecticide
Timber
furniture

35. Madhuca indica
 Family : sapotaceae
 Flowering: March-April
 Harvesting: July-August
 Yielding : 10yr onwards
 Average see yield/tree
 After 10 yrs. : 5-10kg
 20yr onwards : 50-60kg
 Oil %age : 20-25%(seed)
30-40%(kernel)
Uses:
Biofuel
Medicine
Cake
Agricultural
implements
Soap making
Timber
Ethanol production

37. Simarouba glauca
 Family : simaroubaceae
 Flowering: Dec. - Feb.
 Harvesting: March-April
 Yielding : 4 yr. onwards
Average seed yield/tree
 After 6yrs : 5-10kg
 10 yrs. onwards : 15-25kg
 Oil percentage : 18-20%(seed)
50-60%(kernel)
Uses:
Biofuel
Edible oil
Medicine
Cake as manure
Insecticide
Timber

39.  Flowering : March-July
 Harvesting : Dec. - Jan.
 Gestation period: 8th yrsUses :
Biofuel
Medicine
Cake
Soap making
Timber
Mesua ferrea

40.  Family : meliaceae
 Flowering : June-Aug.
 Harvesting: Dec. - Jan.
 Yielding: 7-8yr onwards
Average seed yield?tree
• After 10yrs : 8-10kg
• After 20yrs : 20-25kg
• Oil % : 40-45%
Aphanamixis polystachya
Uses :
Biofuel
Medicine
Cake
Soap making
Timber

42.  Family : clusiaceae
 Flowering: March-April
 Harvesting: Feb. - March
 Yielding: 4yr onwards
Average seed yield ? tree
• After 10yrs : 10-15kg
• After 20yrs : 40-50kg
• Oil %age : 25-35%(seed)
40-50%(kernel)
Caolophyllum inophyllum
(Surahonne)
Uses :
• Biofuel
• Medicine
• Cake
• Painting
• Ornamental
• soap making

43. Castor bean
• Drought-resistant, annual
plant of tropical origin
with immense spread-out.
The plant can grow
between 2 to 5 m.
• Oil: soluble in alcohol (no
heat) – fit for biodiesel
• Oil content: ~55%
• Oil: Not Edible (high level
of Ricin oleic Acid – 85%).

44. Canola/Rapeseed
• Rapeseed is a member of the
mustard family.
• Canola is a variety of rapeseed
bred to have low levels of erucic
acid and glucosinolates (both of
which are undesirable for human
consumption)
• Both spring and winter varieties
grow
• Good oil yield
• Premium cold flow properties
• 70% of feedstock for EU
biodiesel production

45. THANK
YOU