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Presentation on Castor seed
• Presented by : Kumbhar Mangesh Mohan
• Roll No : 622
10/15/2014
Castor Seed
10/15/2014
Cultivation Practices of
Caster Seed Research Center
Research Center/University Area/s of Research
Castor Research Station, Tamilnadu Agricultural
University, India
Crop Improvement, Crop Management, Crop Protection
Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India Evaluation of performance of different
released/recommended varieties/hybrids of castor
under rabi cultivation
Center for Jatropha Promotion, India Growing Castor Bean (ricinus communis) in conjunct
with Jatropha in arid and semi arid regions of India
Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwad Agriculture University,
Gujarat, India
Castor hybridization and selection programme
10/15/2014
Source: http://castoroil.in/b/castor-research/
Origin & Distribution
of Castor Seed
• Castor is a native of east Africa especially Ethiopia
• India, Brazil, China, Argentina, USA, Thailand, Queensland, Egypt and
Sudan are the important countries producing countries.
• In India, important states producing castor are Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat and to some extent T.N, Karnataka, Orissa ,Madhya Pradesh
and Bihar.
10/15/2014
Castor (Ricinus Communis)
• Castor is one of the important non-edible oil seed crop which has
industrial and medicinal value.
• It is used as a lubricant in high- speed engines and aeroplanes.
• Area Production and Productivity of Caster Seed in world , India and
Andhra Pradesh in Year 2008.
• Globally, India ranks first both in area and production.
• Productivity of castor is highest in Gujarat (1650 kg/ha).
10/15/2014
World India Andhra Pradesh
Area
Production
Productivity
1.5m ha
13 mt
900 kg/ha
0.72 m ha
0.9 mt
1221 kg/ha
157 l/ha
087 l/tons
511 kg/ha
Morphology of castor seed
• Castor plants is of 2 types :
• 1. Tall / Giant types with perennial habit,tap root
system
2. Short / Dwarf types with shorter duration
• Stem : is Round, glabrous, bluish ,waxy gives resistance to jassids,
hoppers. Stem is solid in gaint types and become hallow with age in
dwarf types. Plant produces the flowers over an extended period
through out the year.
• Fruit : It is globular capsule, spiny becomes hard and brittle when
ripened
• Seed : Capsule contains 2- 3 seeds, oval shape, shiny, brittle,
white/brown /black/red with a mottling on testa.
10/15/2014
10/15/2014
Climate
• Basically a warm season crop grows in temperate and tropical regions
throughout the world. Can be successfully grown from 300 -1800 m above
sea level
• Castor production lies between 40O N and 40O S
• In India successfully grown up to 1500 m
10/15/2014
Temperature
• Requires moderately high temp of 200- 260 C with low humidity
through out growing season to give high yields.
• Low temperature extends emergence, making more liable to attack
by fungal diseases & insects. High temperature 41o C results in
blasting of flowers & poor seed set.
• A frost free growing period between 130- 190 days depending on
cultivar is necessary for satisfactory yields.
10/15/2014
• Day length : Basically a long day plant, fairly adaptable to day length from
13-18 hrs.
• Rainfall : - 600- 760 mm rainfall is required.
• For optimum growth and development - 100 mm evenly distributed rainfall
in first few months period is desirable.
Soils
• Grows on any type of soil, well drained, sandy loams will produce optimum
yields. Crop is sensitive to excessive moisture.
• In Andhra Pradesh grown in sandy loams and shallow black soils.
• Prefers slightly acidic pH of 5- 6. 5, but can also grow upto pH 8.
10/15/2014
land preparation
• As castor crop is deep rooted plant with the trap root system
extending beyond 2-3 meters for extraction of soil moisture from
deep layers, deep plouging (<45cm)
• chiseling in shallow soils with sub surface hard pan is adopted to
support deep root system, reducing weeds.
• Castor is a hardy crop for better crop insitu moisture conservation,
summer tillage or offseason tillage with pre-monsoon rains helps in
removal of weeds for better infiltration and rain water retention.
10/15/2014
Varieties
10/15/2014
Varieties Yield q/ acre
Kranti 5.6- 6.4
Haritha 5.6- 6.4
Kiran 5.2- 6.0
Jyoti 4.8- 6.0
Jwala 4- 4.8
P.C.H. 1 5.6- 7.2
G.C.H. 4 5.6- 7.2
Spacing
10/15/2014
Region Cultivar Spacing (Cm )
All Castor areas
( Rainfed)
Improved Var's/Hybrids 90x20 or 60x30
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Hybrids 90x60
Delayed Planting
60x15
or 60x30
(In Want of rains) (Ideal to curtail Veg. growth )
Seed Rate
1. Rainfed crop :12 - 15 kg/ha : with plant population of 55,000 plants / ha
2. Irrigated crop :5 - 6 kg/ha : with the plant population of 18,500 plants/ha
Intercropping Combinations with castor seed
10/15/2014
Intercropping combinations
recommended/practised
Proportion States
Castor + Red gram 1:1 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Cowpea 1:2 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Blackgram 1:2 Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Greengram 1:2 Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Cluster bean 1:1 Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Groundnut 1:5 or 1:7 Andhra Pradesh
Castor + Groundnut(Bunch) 1:3 Gujarat
Castor + Soybean 1:1 Bihar
Castor + Sunflower(Hybrid) 1:1 Gujarat(Irrigated)
Castor + Lathyrus 1:5 Bihar
Castor(Local)+turmeric 1:5 Bihar
Seasons and sowing time
• Kharif : with the onset on the monsoon, June 15th is a ideal time
of sowing
• Rabi : September to October
• Summer : January
10/15/2014
Harvesting
• Optimum stage for harvest is capsules turning yellow and
starts drying.
• On an average, castor plant produces 4- 5 sequential order
spikes over a span of 180 –240 days.
• 15- 20% of yield is lost in the field due to dehiscence of
capsules under rainfed conditions of A.P waiting for all the
spikes to come to maturity for single harvesting.
State-wise Harvesting Seasons of Castorseed
States
Harvesting
Seasons
Andhra Pradesh Jan-Mar.
Bihar Apr-May
Gujarat Oct-Apr.
Madhya Pradesh
15th Oct-25th
Apr.
Maharashtra Feb-Mar.
Orissa Dec-Jan.
Rajasthan -
Tamil Nadu Dec-Mar.
Uttar Pradesh Jan-Apr.
India Oct-April
10/15/2014
Nutrient Management
• Crop yielding 2000 kg seed removes around 80 kg N, 18 P 2 05, 32 kg
K2O, 12 kg Ca, 10 kg Mg ha-1 Nitrogen application is related to
available soil moisture through rain/ irrigation.
• For improved varieties under rainfed conditions, 90-140 kg N/ha is
recommended.
• For hybrids under irrigated conditions, 200 kg N/ha is recommended
10/15/2014
• Phosphorus :- Under rainfed condition, 30 kg P 2 O 5 / ha is adequate
Improved cultivars responds upto 75 kg P2 O 5 / ha
• Potassium : Tropical soils are well supplied with available K
• But application of N & P may result in increased potassium uptake
10/15/2014
Recommended fertilizer schedule:-
• Rainfed conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 40- 60 + 40 +30 kg N P K/ha.
• Irrigated conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 80- 100 + 40 + 30
kg/NPK/ha. Under rainfed conditions nitrogen should be applied in
three splits
• 50% of the dose at sowing time, 25% at 35 – 40 DAS, 25% at 65- 75
DAS.
• Under irrigated conditions nitrogen should be applied in four
splits.30 kg N at sowing , 60 kg N splitted three times with 20 kg
each time at 30- 35 days, 60-65 days, and 90- 95 DAS
10/15/2014
Water management
• Water requirement of castor crop is 500- 700 mm.
• Flowering and seed development stages are more sensitive for
moisture stress.
• Scheduling Irrigation: - it is desirable to give heavy irrigations at
longer intervals than the frequent irrigations.
• In a crop duration of 180 days, require around 6 irrigations to obtain
optimum yield
• As the crop is sensitive to water logging, furrow method of irrigation
is ideal as it drains out the excess water from the field.
• In Rabi, first irrigation should be given at 50 DAS after sowing,
followed by irrigations at an interval of 20 days.
10/15/2014
Weed Management
• For rainfed castor : 2- 3 intercultivation with blade harrow ,starting
from 20 DAS along with manual weeding is ideal.
• For irrigation castor : 2- 3 hand weedings at an interval of 15 days
starting from 15 DAS is ideal. Herbicides are economical in irrigated
castor.
10/15/2014
Herbicides
• Fluchloralin (0.75-1.0), Trifluralin (0.75-1.0), EPTC (2.0 – 2.5),
Nepatalam (3.5- 4.0) the values are dilute in ml per liter.
10/15/2014
Disease Control Method Images
Seedling Blight
Seed dressing with 4gms g Trichoderma viride
formulation and 3g metalaxyl per kg seed can
reduce disease incidence. Soil drenching with
copper oxychloride @3g /lit or metalaxyl 2g/lit
is also useful.
Alternaria Blight : Alternaria ricini Y
Seed treatment may be useful in combating
the initial phase of the disease.
Use of healthy seed and treat the seed with
Captan or Thiram @ 3g/kg seed or spray
Mancozab at 2.5g/lit concentration at an
interval of 15days commencing from 90days of
crop growth.
Disease Control Method
Source:
http://www.ikisan.com/crop%20specific/eng/links/ap_cast
orDisease%20Management.shtml
10/15/2014
Storage Of Seed
• Castor-seed is very hard and does not require much care during
storage. No insect or fungus attacks the seeds.
• Under ordinary conditions of storage in jute (gunny)bags, the oil and
the free fatty acid content of the seeds are not affected even after
three years of storage.
10/15/2014
10/15/2014
Production of Castor Seed in India7.2
5.8
6.3
6.3
8.5
7.8
9
8.3
8.4
7.7
8.8
6.53
4.28
7.97
7.93
9.91
7.62
10.54
11.71
10.09
13.5
22.95
19.64
15.81
16.89
INLAKHTONNE
YEAR
PRODUCTION OF CASTOR SEED IN INDIA
10/15/2014
Source http://www.indiastat.com
10/15/2014
State wise Wholesale Prices Monthly Analysis for Castor Seed October, 2014 Prices in Rs/Quintal
State Prices October, 2014 Prices September, 2014 Prices October, 2013 % Change(Over Previous Month) % Change(Over Previous Year)
Price per
Kg
Change in
Price with
in year
Andhra Pradesh 3554.35 3514.68 2922.35 1.13 21.63 35.5435 5.9233
Chattisgarh 3000 __ __ 0 30
Gujarat 4167.96 4021.56 3459.71 3.64 20.47 41.6796 5.6185
Karnataka 3000 2779.18 __ __ 0 2.2082
Madhya Pradesh 2885 941.83 __ __ 0 19.4317
Maharashtra 4183.42 4034.16 3447.38 3.7 21.35 41.8342 5.8678
Orissa 3600 __ __ 0 -36
Rajasthan 3560.62 3791.13 3334.72 -6.08 6.77 35.6062 4.5641
Tamil Nadu 6023.33 3737.29 3190.99 61.17 88.76 60.2333 5.463
Telangana 3662.87 3520.22 2935.44 4.05 24.78 36.6287 5.8478
Average 4192.09 3500.45 2956.84 41.9209 5.4361
*Report Generation: As per the data reported by APMCs
10/15/2014
10/15/2014
Thank You !!!
10/15/2014

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Castor seed commoditte

  • 1. Presentation on Castor seed • Presented by : Kumbhar Mangesh Mohan • Roll No : 622 10/15/2014
  • 3. Caster Seed Research Center Research Center/University Area/s of Research Castor Research Station, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, India Crop Improvement, Crop Management, Crop Protection Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India Evaluation of performance of different released/recommended varieties/hybrids of castor under rabi cultivation Center for Jatropha Promotion, India Growing Castor Bean (ricinus communis) in conjunct with Jatropha in arid and semi arid regions of India Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwad Agriculture University, Gujarat, India Castor hybridization and selection programme 10/15/2014 Source: http://castoroil.in/b/castor-research/
  • 4. Origin & Distribution of Castor Seed • Castor is a native of east Africa especially Ethiopia • India, Brazil, China, Argentina, USA, Thailand, Queensland, Egypt and Sudan are the important countries producing countries. • In India, important states producing castor are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and to some extent T.N, Karnataka, Orissa ,Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. 10/15/2014
  • 5. Castor (Ricinus Communis) • Castor is one of the important non-edible oil seed crop which has industrial and medicinal value. • It is used as a lubricant in high- speed engines and aeroplanes. • Area Production and Productivity of Caster Seed in world , India and Andhra Pradesh in Year 2008. • Globally, India ranks first both in area and production. • Productivity of castor is highest in Gujarat (1650 kg/ha). 10/15/2014 World India Andhra Pradesh Area Production Productivity 1.5m ha 13 mt 900 kg/ha 0.72 m ha 0.9 mt 1221 kg/ha 157 l/ha 087 l/tons 511 kg/ha
  • 6. Morphology of castor seed • Castor plants is of 2 types : • 1. Tall / Giant types with perennial habit,tap root system 2. Short / Dwarf types with shorter duration • Stem : is Round, glabrous, bluish ,waxy gives resistance to jassids, hoppers. Stem is solid in gaint types and become hallow with age in dwarf types. Plant produces the flowers over an extended period through out the year. • Fruit : It is globular capsule, spiny becomes hard and brittle when ripened • Seed : Capsule contains 2- 3 seeds, oval shape, shiny, brittle, white/brown /black/red with a mottling on testa. 10/15/2014
  • 8. Climate • Basically a warm season crop grows in temperate and tropical regions throughout the world. Can be successfully grown from 300 -1800 m above sea level • Castor production lies between 40O N and 40O S • In India successfully grown up to 1500 m 10/15/2014
  • 9. Temperature • Requires moderately high temp of 200- 260 C with low humidity through out growing season to give high yields. • Low temperature extends emergence, making more liable to attack by fungal diseases & insects. High temperature 41o C results in blasting of flowers & poor seed set. • A frost free growing period between 130- 190 days depending on cultivar is necessary for satisfactory yields. 10/15/2014
  • 10. • Day length : Basically a long day plant, fairly adaptable to day length from 13-18 hrs. • Rainfall : - 600- 760 mm rainfall is required. • For optimum growth and development - 100 mm evenly distributed rainfall in first few months period is desirable. Soils • Grows on any type of soil, well drained, sandy loams will produce optimum yields. Crop is sensitive to excessive moisture. • In Andhra Pradesh grown in sandy loams and shallow black soils. • Prefers slightly acidic pH of 5- 6. 5, but can also grow upto pH 8. 10/15/2014
  • 11. land preparation • As castor crop is deep rooted plant with the trap root system extending beyond 2-3 meters for extraction of soil moisture from deep layers, deep plouging (<45cm) • chiseling in shallow soils with sub surface hard pan is adopted to support deep root system, reducing weeds. • Castor is a hardy crop for better crop insitu moisture conservation, summer tillage or offseason tillage with pre-monsoon rains helps in removal of weeds for better infiltration and rain water retention. 10/15/2014
  • 12. Varieties 10/15/2014 Varieties Yield q/ acre Kranti 5.6- 6.4 Haritha 5.6- 6.4 Kiran 5.2- 6.0 Jyoti 4.8- 6.0 Jwala 4- 4.8 P.C.H. 1 5.6- 7.2 G.C.H. 4 5.6- 7.2
  • 13. Spacing 10/15/2014 Region Cultivar Spacing (Cm ) All Castor areas ( Rainfed) Improved Var's/Hybrids 90x20 or 60x30 Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Hybrids 90x60 Delayed Planting 60x15 or 60x30 (In Want of rains) (Ideal to curtail Veg. growth ) Seed Rate 1. Rainfed crop :12 - 15 kg/ha : with plant population of 55,000 plants / ha 2. Irrigated crop :5 - 6 kg/ha : with the plant population of 18,500 plants/ha
  • 14. Intercropping Combinations with castor seed 10/15/2014 Intercropping combinations recommended/practised Proportion States Castor + Red gram 1:1 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh Castor + Cowpea 1:2 Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh Castor + Blackgram 1:2 Andhra Pradesh Castor + Greengram 1:2 Andhra Pradesh Castor + Cluster bean 1:1 Andhra Pradesh Castor + Groundnut 1:5 or 1:7 Andhra Pradesh Castor + Groundnut(Bunch) 1:3 Gujarat Castor + Soybean 1:1 Bihar Castor + Sunflower(Hybrid) 1:1 Gujarat(Irrigated) Castor + Lathyrus 1:5 Bihar Castor(Local)+turmeric 1:5 Bihar
  • 15. Seasons and sowing time • Kharif : with the onset on the monsoon, June 15th is a ideal time of sowing • Rabi : September to October • Summer : January 10/15/2014 Harvesting • Optimum stage for harvest is capsules turning yellow and starts drying. • On an average, castor plant produces 4- 5 sequential order spikes over a span of 180 –240 days. • 15- 20% of yield is lost in the field due to dehiscence of capsules under rainfed conditions of A.P waiting for all the spikes to come to maturity for single harvesting.
  • 16. State-wise Harvesting Seasons of Castorseed States Harvesting Seasons Andhra Pradesh Jan-Mar. Bihar Apr-May Gujarat Oct-Apr. Madhya Pradesh 15th Oct-25th Apr. Maharashtra Feb-Mar. Orissa Dec-Jan. Rajasthan - Tamil Nadu Dec-Mar. Uttar Pradesh Jan-Apr. India Oct-April 10/15/2014
  • 17. Nutrient Management • Crop yielding 2000 kg seed removes around 80 kg N, 18 P 2 05, 32 kg K2O, 12 kg Ca, 10 kg Mg ha-1 Nitrogen application is related to available soil moisture through rain/ irrigation. • For improved varieties under rainfed conditions, 90-140 kg N/ha is recommended. • For hybrids under irrigated conditions, 200 kg N/ha is recommended 10/15/2014
  • 18. • Phosphorus :- Under rainfed condition, 30 kg P 2 O 5 / ha is adequate Improved cultivars responds upto 75 kg P2 O 5 / ha • Potassium : Tropical soils are well supplied with available K • But application of N & P may result in increased potassium uptake 10/15/2014
  • 19. Recommended fertilizer schedule:- • Rainfed conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 40- 60 + 40 +30 kg N P K/ha. • Irrigated conditions in Andhra Pradesh : 80- 100 + 40 + 30 kg/NPK/ha. Under rainfed conditions nitrogen should be applied in three splits • 50% of the dose at sowing time, 25% at 35 – 40 DAS, 25% at 65- 75 DAS. • Under irrigated conditions nitrogen should be applied in four splits.30 kg N at sowing , 60 kg N splitted three times with 20 kg each time at 30- 35 days, 60-65 days, and 90- 95 DAS 10/15/2014
  • 20. Water management • Water requirement of castor crop is 500- 700 mm. • Flowering and seed development stages are more sensitive for moisture stress. • Scheduling Irrigation: - it is desirable to give heavy irrigations at longer intervals than the frequent irrigations. • In a crop duration of 180 days, require around 6 irrigations to obtain optimum yield • As the crop is sensitive to water logging, furrow method of irrigation is ideal as it drains out the excess water from the field. • In Rabi, first irrigation should be given at 50 DAS after sowing, followed by irrigations at an interval of 20 days. 10/15/2014
  • 21. Weed Management • For rainfed castor : 2- 3 intercultivation with blade harrow ,starting from 20 DAS along with manual weeding is ideal. • For irrigation castor : 2- 3 hand weedings at an interval of 15 days starting from 15 DAS is ideal. Herbicides are economical in irrigated castor. 10/15/2014
  • 22. Herbicides • Fluchloralin (0.75-1.0), Trifluralin (0.75-1.0), EPTC (2.0 – 2.5), Nepatalam (3.5- 4.0) the values are dilute in ml per liter. 10/15/2014
  • 23. Disease Control Method Images Seedling Blight Seed dressing with 4gms g Trichoderma viride formulation and 3g metalaxyl per kg seed can reduce disease incidence. Soil drenching with copper oxychloride @3g /lit or metalaxyl 2g/lit is also useful. Alternaria Blight : Alternaria ricini Y Seed treatment may be useful in combating the initial phase of the disease. Use of healthy seed and treat the seed with Captan or Thiram @ 3g/kg seed or spray Mancozab at 2.5g/lit concentration at an interval of 15days commencing from 90days of crop growth. Disease Control Method Source: http://www.ikisan.com/crop%20specific/eng/links/ap_cast orDisease%20Management.shtml 10/15/2014
  • 24. Storage Of Seed • Castor-seed is very hard and does not require much care during storage. No insect or fungus attacks the seeds. • Under ordinary conditions of storage in jute (gunny)bags, the oil and the free fatty acid content of the seeds are not affected even after three years of storage. 10/15/2014
  • 26. Production of Castor Seed in India7.2 5.8 6.3 6.3 8.5 7.8 9 8.3 8.4 7.7 8.8 6.53 4.28 7.97 7.93 9.91 7.62 10.54 11.71 10.09 13.5 22.95 19.64 15.81 16.89 INLAKHTONNE YEAR PRODUCTION OF CASTOR SEED IN INDIA 10/15/2014 Source http://www.indiastat.com
  • 28. State wise Wholesale Prices Monthly Analysis for Castor Seed October, 2014 Prices in Rs/Quintal State Prices October, 2014 Prices September, 2014 Prices October, 2013 % Change(Over Previous Month) % Change(Over Previous Year) Price per Kg Change in Price with in year Andhra Pradesh 3554.35 3514.68 2922.35 1.13 21.63 35.5435 5.9233 Chattisgarh 3000 __ __ 0 30 Gujarat 4167.96 4021.56 3459.71 3.64 20.47 41.6796 5.6185 Karnataka 3000 2779.18 __ __ 0 2.2082 Madhya Pradesh 2885 941.83 __ __ 0 19.4317 Maharashtra 4183.42 4034.16 3447.38 3.7 21.35 41.8342 5.8678 Orissa 3600 __ __ 0 -36 Rajasthan 3560.62 3791.13 3334.72 -6.08 6.77 35.6062 4.5641 Tamil Nadu 6023.33 3737.29 3190.99 61.17 88.76 60.2333 5.463 Telangana 3662.87 3520.22 2935.44 4.05 24.78 36.6287 5.8478 Average 4192.09 3500.45 2956.84 41.9209 5.4361 *Report Generation: As per the data reported by APMCs 10/15/2014