Hardware Open Source
Tiago Maluta
16 de outubro de 2009
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Hardware Open Source
Desenvolvido no mesmo modelo do FOSS1
Refere-se a informa¸˜o sobre o design
ca
Esquemas
Lista de Materiais (BOM)
PCB layout
Hardware Description Language (HDL)
FPGA (Xilinx, Altera, ...)
Comum entre hobistas (DIY)
1
Free and Open Source Software
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Colabora¸~o
ca
"Hardware engineers do the same thing as software
engineers: they use high-level design patterns.
They memorize circuits for accomplishing certain
things and then plug them together."
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Como um hardware pode ser ”open”?
1 Acesso a informa¸˜o sobre como hardware funciona, para ser
ca
usado livremente.
2 O design deve ser p´blico, para que outros implementem e
u
aprendam a partir do projeto.
3 As ferramentas utilizadas na constru¸˜o do hardware devem
ca
ser dispon´
ıveis, para outros desenvolverem e alterarem o
design.
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Casos de sucesso
Arduino
www.arduinio.cc
BeagleBoard
www.beagleboard.org
Gumstix
www.gumstix.com
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Prot´tipo
o
http://www.flickr.com/photos/justinmclean/3846230883/in/set-72157622114963090/
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Design
Software
Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
Esquematico, PCB, simula¸˜o
ca
Exemplos:
Eagle
http://www.cadsoft.de/
gEDA
http://www.gpleda.org/
Fritzing
http://fritzing.org/
KiCad
http://kicad.sf.net
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Como facilitar?
1 Prototipagem r´pida
a
2 Hardware em camadas
3 Desenvolvimento acess´
ıvel
4 Bibliotecas de Software
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Arduino
Plataforma open-source flex´
ıvel
As vers˜es mais populares utilizam microcontrolador de 8-bits da ATMEL (ATMega)
o
Focado na cria¸˜o de objetos interativos
ca
Bem documentado
http://www.arduino.cc/
Aprox. US$ 35.00
Hardware em camadas (Wiishield, Ethernet, Bluetooth, GPS,
etc)
Alimenta¸˜o pela USB (5V)
ca
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Compilador: AVR toolchain
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-gccbug
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-gcov
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-gcc-4.4.1
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-c++
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-g++
/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/avr/gcc-bin/4.4.1/avr-cpp
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Programa¸˜o
ca
Ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado (IDE) (Windows/Linux/OSX)
Processing
Arduino Programming Language
Baseado na linguagem C/C++
Sketch ´ o nome dado a um programa no Arduino
e
Grava¸˜o pela USB2
ca
2
N˜o s˜o todos os modelos
a a
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Arduino Programming Language
Dividido em trˆs partes principais.
e
Estrutural
Valores
Fun¸˜es
co
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Estrutural
void setup() if
Executado apenas uma vez
if...else
Inicializa¸˜o
ca
for
void loop()
Executada repetida vezes
switch case
”Cora¸˜o”do scketch
ca while
do...while
break
continue
return
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Valores
Tipos: Convers˜o:
a Integer constants
boolean (true ou false) char() decimal (11)
char (8 bits) byte() bin´rio (B1011)
a
byte (8 bits) int() hex (0xB)
int (2 bytes) long() octal (013)
unsigned int (2 bytes) float() Floating point constants
long (4 bytes) 3.14E5
unsigned long (4 Constantes (3.14 x 10∧5)
25e-6
bytes) (0.000025)
HIGH | LOW
float (4 bytes) INPUT | OUTPUT Formatadores U & L
double (=float) true | false
long
1000l
array ([]) unsigned
1000u
string (array + ’0’) unsigned long
void (somente na 1000ul
declara¸˜o de fun¸˜es)
ca co
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Fun¸oes
c˜
Digital I/O Math Trigonometry
pinMode(pin,mode) min(x,y) sin(rad)
digitalWrite(pin, value) max(x,y) cos(rad)
int digitalRead(pin) abs(x) tan(rad)
Analog I/O constrain(x,a,b)
Random Numbers
map(value, fromLow,
int analogRead(pin) randomSeed(seed)
fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)
analogWrite(pin,value) long random(max)
pow(base, exponent)
Time sq(x)
random(min,max)
unsigned long millis() sqrt(x)
Communication
unsigned long micros() Serial
delay(ms)
delayMicroseconds(us)
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Hello World
void setup(){
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop(){
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(500);
}
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Cora¸˜o do Arduino: Arquitetura AVR
ca
I/O Memory Adderess
Data Direction Register
(DDRx)
Data (PORTx)
Port Input Pins (PINx)
Harvard architecture
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Projetos
Conhecer os protocolos de comunica¸˜o.
ca
I2C, SPI, UART (RS232)
Acesso a documenta¸˜o to microcontrolador
ca
ATMega168 ou ATMega328 http://www.msarnoff.org/chipdb/ATmega168
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Projeto #1: LCD Display
http://www.flickr.com/photos/maluta/3804133584/in/set-72157621867976757/
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Projeto #1: LCD Display
2x16 LCD (Hitachi HD44780)
Register Select (RS)
Read/Write (R/W)
Enable
8x Data
Display Constrast
Power supply
Backlight
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

LCD pin Arduino
RS → digital pin 12
Enable → digital pin 11
D4 → digital pin 5
D5 → digital pin 4
D6 → digital pin 3
D7 → digital pin 2
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
// set up the LCD’s number of rows and columns:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print("hello, world!");
}
void loop() {
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1
// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis()/1000);
}
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Projeto #2: Webserver
http://www.flickr.com/photos/maluta/4015803466/in/set-72157621867976757/
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Projeto #2: Webserver
Ethershield
Utiliza um chip dedicado da Microchip (ENC28J60)
Stand-Alone Ethernet Controller with SPI Interface
http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en022889
O modelo ”oficial”utiliza o chip da Wiznet (W5100)
http://www.wiznet.co.kr/en/pro02.php?&ss%5B2%5D=1&page=1&num=25
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

#include "etherShield.h"
static uint8 t mymac[6] = {
0x54,0x55,0x58,0x10,0x00,0x24};
static uint8 t myip[4] = {
10,0,0,25};
#define MYWWWPORT 80
#define BUFFER SIZE 550
static uint8 t buf[BUFFER SIZE+1];
EtherShield es = EtherShield();
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

uint16 t http200ok(void)
{
return(es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,0,PSTR("HTTP/1.0 200 OKrnContent-Type:
text/htmlrnPragma: no-cachernrn")));
}
// prepare the webpage by writing the data to the tcp send buffer
uint16 t print webpage(uint8 t ∗buf)
{
uint16 t plen;
plen=http200ok();
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<html><head><title>Arduino ENC28J60 Ethernet Shield
V1.0</title></head><body>"));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<center><h1>Hardware Open Source</h1>"));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<hr><br><h2><font color=’’blue’’>-- EMSL’09 --
<br>Encontro Mineiro de Software Livre"));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<br> "));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<br> "));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<br></font></h2>") );
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("</center><hr>"));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("Tiago Maluta maluta@unifei.edu.br "));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("<a
href=’’http://www.coding.com.br’’>www.coding.com.br</a>" ));
plen=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,plen,PSTR("</body></html>"));
return(plen);
}
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

void setup(){
// initialize enc28j60
es.ES enc28j60Init(mymac);
// init the ethernet/ip layer:
es.ES init ip arp udp tcp(mymac,myip, MYWWWPORT);
}
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

void loop(){
uint16 t plen, dat p;
while(1) {
// read packet, handle ping and wait for a tcp packet:
dat p=es.ES packetloop icmp tcp(buf,es.ES enc28j60PacketReceive(BUFFER SIZE, buf));
/∗ dat p will be unequal to zero if there is a valid
∗ http get ∗/
if(dat p==0){
// no http request
continue;
}
// tcp port 80 begin
if (strncmp("GET ",(char ∗)&(buf[dat p]),4)!=0){
// head, post and other methods:
dat p=http200ok();
dat p=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,dat p,PSTR("<h1>200 OK</h1>"));
goto SENDTCP;
}
// just one web page in the "root directory" of the web server
if (strncmp("/ ",(char ∗)&(buf[dat p+4]),2)==0){
dat p=print webpage(buf);
goto SENDTCP;
}
else{
dat p=es.ES fill tcp data p(buf,0,PSTR("HTTP/1.0 401 UnauthorizedrnContent-Type:
text/htmlrnrn<h1>401 Unauthorized</h1>"));
goto SENDTCP;
}
SENDTCP:
es.ES www server reply(buf,dat p); // send web page data
}
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Outros projetos
Twitter
Pain´is Solares
e
Sintetizador de som
GPS
Sensores (Umidade, Luz, etc)
Compartilhamento atrav´s do Pachube
e
(http://community.pachube.com/)
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Considera¸oes
c˜
Consumo el´trico
e
Custo (R$)
Documenta¸˜o
ca
Esquem´tico
a
BOM
PCB
Propriedade Intelectual
Licen¸a Compat´
c ıvel
Sugest˜o: Creative Commons
a
Comunidade de Usu´rios
a
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source

Referˆncias
e
http://del.icio.us.com/maluta/arduino
http://www.coding.com.br
Tiago Maluta Hardware Open Source