Presentation from Kuopio 5 Conference on print repositories, Kuopio Finland, May 2015.

1. a ten thousand foot view of the repository landscape
Library Stewardship and the Evolving Scholarly Record
25th Anniversary Conference of the National Repository Library, 21-22 May 2015
Kuopio, Finland
Constance Malpas, OCLC Research

2. 1980 1990 2000 201019701960‘50 2020 2030 2040
Institution scale
infrastructure
Group scale
infrastructure
Coordinated
operations
Growth of Print Repository & Shared Print Infrastructure
25 years

3. Evolving scholarly record

4. Framing the Scholarly Record …
OCLC Research, 2014Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework.

5. OCLC Research, 2014Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework, publishing venues.
Fabric of Scientific Practice, Scholarly Communication

6. Scholarly record is evolving
Increasing volume of content
Increasing diversity, complexity of content
Increasing diffusion, distribution of custodial responsibilityof
Stewardship models are evolving
Greater attention to system-wide context
Increasing specialization, formal division of labor
Deepening reliance on resource sharing networks
Parallel Trends
Interdependent repository infrastructure:
print, digital, open, commercial

7. Collections as a service

8. Owned
Catalog
Available
LibGuides, etc
Licensed
KB/Discovery
Global
Google, ResearchGate, etc …
Separation of
discovery & collection:
• Focus shifts from owned to
facilitated (available)
• Focus shifts from collection to
other services (creation, …)
• System-wide thinking
becomes stronger.
OCLC Research, 2015.Figure: Discoverability redefines collection boundaries.

9. The ‘owned’
collection
The ‘facilitated’
collection
The ‘licensed’
collection
The
‘borrowed’
collection
• Pointing people at Google Scholar
• Including freely available e-books
in the catalog
• Creating resource guides for web
resources
• Purchased and
physically stored
A collections spectrum
The ‘demand-driven’
collection
The ‘shared print’
collection
OCLC Research, 2015.Figure: A collections spectrum.

10. Shared Print

11. 11
Shared Print
• ‘Right-scaling’ management of print
resources, shift to above-the-institution
strategies
• Opportunity costs of maintaining institution-
scale operations are high
• Early efforts focused on journals (low risk,
high return); attention shifting to monographs
• Goal: increase operational efficiencies for
managing print, enable strategic redirection
of library resources

12. A
In few
collections
In many
collections
Licensed
Purchased
Outside, in
OCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Library as broker
Maximize efficiency
Then
Low
Stewardship
High
Stewardship
Inside, out
Library as provider
Maximize discoverability
Now
Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2014.
Core

13. In few
collections
In many
collections
A
Licensed
Purchased
Shared print
Commercial repositories
Maximize efficiency
OCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Low
Stewardship
High
Stewardship
Core
Inside, out
Institutional repositories
Maximize discoverability
Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2015.
Demand-driven acquisitions
Outside, in
Workflow support

14. Collection Directions
Then: Value relates to depth and
breadth of local collection.
Now: Value relates to system-wide
curation of and access to print
collections – ‘right-scaling’.
14
Decision support through
shared data.

15. Right-scaling stewardship

16. North American print book resource:
45.7 million distinct publications
889.5 million total library holdings Figure: North American Regional Print
Book Collections. OCLC Research, 2013.

17. Mega-regions & Shared Print Initiatives
OCLC Research, 2013
Orbis-
Cascade
CIC
ASERL
SCELC
MSCS
WRLC
OCUL
GWLA
WEST
FLARE
Many North American consortia
are mobilizing around ‘group-scale’
shared print programs
Figure: North American Mega-regions and
shared print activity. OCLC Research, 2013.
COPPUL

18. ChiPitts
CIC-scale shared print
program could preserve
58% of regional collection
SoCal
SCELC-scale shared print
program could preserve
47% of regional collection
Char-lanta
ASERL-scale shared print
program could preserve
67% of regional resource
Group scale
OCLC Research, 2013Figure: Regional impacts of consortial print stewardship. OCLC Research, 2014.

19. As of December 2014:
1.46 million titles held in US shared print repositories
+ ??? titles
in undisclosed shared print collections
High concentrations in
Maine, Florida and New York
Figure: Geographic concentration of shared print inventory . OCLC Research, 2015.
~3% of print book collection?
~1% of print journal collection?

20. Beyond North America
In 2015:
• Examining collective print book collection
of 34 RLUK members to support shared print
planning efforts
• Analyzing collective library holdings of 13
Dutch universities, exploring system-wide
library characteristics
• Deepening our understanding of ‘systemness’
in different national contexts

21. Cohort: 33 university libraries + BL
Collective collection: 23M titles
86% books, 5% serials
478 languages; English: 61%
Avg. WorldCat holdings/title: 37
Avg. RLUK holdings/title: 2
Avg. in-group duplication: 66%
Avg. WorldCat duplication: 83%
Cohort: 13 university libraries + KB
Collective collection: 13M titles
90% books, 4% serials
417 languages; English: 35%
Avg. WorldCat holdings/title: 45
Avg. UKB holdings/title: 2
Avg. in-group duplication: 63%
Avg. WorldCat duplication: 77%
RLUK UKB
Opportunities for reciprocal RLUK / UKB archiving?
Group scale

22. Thiophene Guy “Ballroom dancing during the Belle Epoch. 1902” (flickr)
CC BY-NC-SA. Original image from Library of Congress
Selection pressure
finding the
right
partner(s)
to maximize
success

23. Multi-scalar strategies
Duke
RLUK
TRLN
ASERL
HathiTrust
UKRR
HathiTrust
PiCarta
White
Rose
Leeds
UKB
Utrecht
simultaneous participation in cooperative
efforts operating at multiple scales
?
UC
system
Figure: Multi-scalar library partnerships. OCLC Research, 2015.
UCLA
WEST
LERU?

24. Dan Morelle “Lefty” (flickr) CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
New demands on
coordination capacity
• Increased need for system-awareness
• Growing dependence on data-driven
decision support for group-scale operations
• More attention to performance metrics

25. https://www.ohiolink.edu/sites/ohiolink.edu/files/uploads/OhioLINK_Regional_Central_0.pdf
…regional impact
…return on (public)
investment
…economies of scale
Coordination capacity
Facilitated collection

26. Key characteristics
1. broader awareness of system-wide stewardship context
2. declarations of explicit commitments around portions of
local collection
3. formal division of labor within cooperative arrangements
4. increased reliance on trusted networks for reciprocal access
Implications for libraries
1. importance of multi-scalar partnerships grows
2. cataloging, resource-sharing workflows re-engineered to
support collection-level behaviors
3. local stewardship commitments aligned with institutional
priorities
4. increased scrutiny of ROI for collaborative partnerships
Consciously coordinated stewardship

27. http://www.oclc.org/research
@ConstanceM
Stewardship of the
Evolving Scholarly Record:
From the Invisible Hand to Conscious
Coordination
By Brian Lavoie & Constance Malpas
[in press]
More information . . .