MICROORGANISMS & WATER POLLUTION MAJID MOHIUDDIN

IMPORTANCE: Every thing originated in the water & everything is sustained by water. All life on earth depends on water. Man uses water for many purposes. - drinking - irrigation - fisheries - industrial processes - transportation - waste disposal

IMPORTANCE:

Every thing originated in the water & everything is sustained by water.

All life on earth depends on water.

Man uses water for many purposes.

- drinking

- irrigation

- fisheries

- industrial processes

- transportation

- waste disposal

IMPORTANCE OF WATER For life Inorganic constituent of living matter. Medium for Growth: Second natural medium Contain mineral nutrients and dissolved oxygen. Organic matter = Microbial Population. Microbial population higher in Rivers near thickly populated cities than village. PH, Temperature range & inorganic phosphate & situation of the lake. Availability of possible factors (Zinc & Coppers)- limits growth of Microbes. & Poor quantity of nitrate and nitrogen. Calcium-harmful for algae.

IMPORTANCE OF WATER

For life

Inorganic constituent of living matter.

Medium for Growth:

Second natural medium

Contain mineral nutrients and dissolved oxygen.

Organic matter = Microbial Population.

Microbial population higher in Rivers near thickly populated cities than village.

PH, Temperature range & inorganic phosphate & situation of the lake.

Availability of possible factors (Zinc & Coppers)- limits growth of Microbes. & Poor quantity of nitrate and nitrogen.

Calcium-harmful for algae.

Water in Nature Water exist in 3 states Gas Solid Liquid Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere

Water in Nature

Water exist in 3 states

Ocean Polar Ice Caps Glaciers Ice fields Inland surface water – Lakes and River

Ocean – 97% of the Hydrosphere .

Polar ice caps Ice fields Glaciers 2% in the form of ice

Inland surface water 0.02% Lake River

TYPES OF WATER Atmospheric water: Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria) Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa . Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply) Stored water: Pounds, Reservoirs, Lakes & Ocean. Microbial Population decreases X Area X Types of vegetation X Seasons X Individual chemical components X Total inorganic Salt contents. Protozoa Presents.

TYPES OF WATER

Atmospheric water: Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria)

Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa .

Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply)

Stored water: Pounds, Reservoirs, Lakes & Ocean.

Microbial Population decreases

X Area

X Types of vegetation

X Seasons

X Individual chemical components

X Total inorganic Salt contents.

Protozoa Presents.

Atmospheric water Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria)

Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa . Mountain water River water

Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply)

Stored water Pond Reservoirs Lakes Ocean

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: Eutrophic Lake: Well nourished Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter.

Stored Water:

Eutrophic Lake: Well nourished

Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished

Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: Eutrophic Lake

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter.

Stored Water:

Eutrophic Lake

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: 2. Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter.

Stored Water:

2. Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter. Stored Water: 3.Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter.

Stored Water:

3.Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Water Impurities Sea water ( about 3% dissolved mineral impurities) Connote water (Produced with some crude oils, sometimes 20 to 30% dissolved salts) Brackish water ( Industrial waste water) Measured in Parts Per Million (ppm) - 10,000 ppm = 0.015%

Water Impurities

Sea water ( about 3% dissolved mineral impurities)

Connote water (Produced with some crude oils, sometimes 20 to 30% dissolved salts)

Brackish water ( Industrial waste water)

Measured in Parts Per Million (ppm)

- 10,000 ppm = 0.015%

MICROORGANISMS IN WATER Phytoplankton Zooplankton Periphyton (Biotecton) Benthos (Zoobenthos) Saprotrophs (Bacteria and Fungi) - Pleosaprophytic Zone - Mesosaprophytic Zone - Oligosaphrophytic Zone 6. Sea water Microorganism

MICROORGANISMS IN WATER

Phytoplankton

Zooplankton

Periphyton (Biotecton)

Benthos (Zoobenthos)

Saprotrophs (Bacteria and Fungi)

- Pleosaprophytic Zone

- Mesosaprophytic Zone

- Oligosaphrophytic Zone

6. Sea water Microorganism

Phytoplankton: - Floating microscopic autotrophs - Cyanobacteria, algae (Chlorophyceae & Bacillariophyceae) Classified based on Size: - Ultraplankton 0.5 to 10 m - Nannoplankton 10 to 50 m - Microplankton 50 to 500 m - Net plankton - Macroplankton 500 m Primary Producers – indicates water quality Biological treatment of Organic wastes in water .

Phytoplankton:

- Floating microscopic autotrophs

- Cyanobacteria, algae (Chlorophyceae & Bacillariophyceae)

Classified based on Size:

- Ultraplankton 0.5 to 10 m

- Nannoplankton 10 to 50 m

- Microplankton 50 to 500 m

- Net plankton

- Macroplankton 500 m

Primary Producers – indicates water quality

Biological treatment of Organic wastes in water .

2 . Zooplankton: Heterogenous assemblage of minute floating animal forms found in water. Locomotary structures Primary consumers Dominating Members Protozoa, Ronifera, Copepoda Cladocera Ostracod.

2 . Zooplankton:

Heterogenous assemblage of minute floating animal forms found in water.

Locomotary structures

Primary consumers

Dominating Members

Protozoa,

Ronifera,

Copepoda

Cladocera

Ostracod.

3. Periphyton (Biotecton) are the organisms (both plant and animal) attached or clinging to the submerged plant or other surfaces projecting above the bottom An organism may remain as periphyton throughout its life or during some period of its life cycle. Animals may be an obligatory or a facultative periphyton.

3. Periphyton (Biotecton)

are the organisms (both plant and animal) attached or clinging to the submerged plant or other surfaces projecting above the bottom

An organism may remain as periphyton throughout its life or during some period of its life cycle.

Animals may be an obligatory or a facultative periphyton.

Periphytons

4. Benthios (Zoobenthos) The heterogenous assemblage of organisms attached or resting on the bottom or living in the bottom sediments of a body of water. Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants. Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals.

4. Benthios (Zoobenthos)

The heterogenous assemblage of organisms attached or resting on the bottom or living in the bottom sediments of a body of water.

Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants.

Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals.

Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants

Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants

Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals

5. Saprotrophs (Bacteria & Fungi): mud water. Saprophytism Pleosaprophytic Zone: Heavily Polluted Zone of water reservoir and contains sufficient amount of Organic residues of plants and animals. Mesosaprophytic Zone: Less polluted due to high rate of mineralisation and oxidation of organic matter. Oligosaphrophytic zone: pure and clear water

5. Saprotrophs (Bacteria & Fungi):

mud water.

Saprophytism

Pleosaprophytic Zone: Heavily Polluted Zone of water reservoir and contains sufficient amount of Organic residues of plants and animals.

Mesosaprophytic Zone: Less polluted due to high rate of mineralisation and oxidation of organic matter.

Oligosaphrophytic zone: pure and clear water

Microorganisms in sea: Heliophilic (sunlight) Barophilic (high hydrostatic pressure) Psychrophilic (low temperature) All are decomposed by decomposed by bacteria and other microbes. Contains bacteria, aerobic cellulose fermenters, fibriocolytic bacteria ad sulphuroxidizing bacteria, Blue green algae, green algae and diatoms.

Microorganisms in sea:

Heliophilic (sunlight)

Barophilic (high hydrostatic pressure)

Psychrophilic (low temperature)

All are decomposed by decomposed by bacteria and other microbes.

Contains bacteria, aerobic cellulose fermenters, fibriocolytic bacteria ad sulphuroxidizing bacteria, Blue green algae, green algae and diatoms.

WATER POLLUTION Change in quality or composition By Waste disposal and other human activities Less suitable or Harmful for drinking, domestic, agricultural recreational, fisheries or other purposes. Water Pollution: The adding to water of any substance, or the changing of water’s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purpose.

WATER POLLUTION

Change in quality or composition

By Waste disposal and other human activities

Less suitable or Harmful for drinking, domestic, agricultural recreational, fisheries or other purposes.

Water Pollution: The adding to water of any substance, or the changing of water’s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purpose.

It contain impurities of various kinds- both dissolved and suspended Dissolved gases (H 2 S, CO 2 , NH 3 , N 2 ) Dissoved minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium) Suspended impurities ( clay, silt, sand and mud) Microorganisms.

It contain impurities of various kinds- both dissolved and suspended

Dissolved gases (H 2 S, CO 2 , NH 3 , N 2 )

Dissoved minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium)

Suspended impurities ( clay, silt, sand and mud)

Microorganisms.

Some different types of Water Pollution Microbiological Chemical Oxygen depleting substances Nutrients Suspended matter

Some different types of Water Pollution

Microbiological

Chemical

Oxygen depleting substances

Nutrients

Suspended matter

Sources of Water Pollution: Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc. Anthropogenic Sources: Industrial sources Domestic Sources Agricultural Sources Mining Sources Physical Pollutants (thermal and radioactive substances).

Sources of Water Pollution:

Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc.

Anthropogenic Sources:

Industrial sources

Domestic Sources

Agricultural Sources

Mining Sources

Physical Pollutants (thermal and radioactive substances).

Industrial Sources: Tanneries Sugar mills Pulp and Paper mills, Distilleries, Oil refineries etc. Tanneries Sugar mills Pulp and Paper mills Distilleries, Oil refineries

Industrial Sources:

Tanneries

Sugar mills

Pulp and Paper mills,

Distilleries, Oil refineries etc.

Tanneries

Sugar mills

2. Domestic Sources: From Houses Commercial buildings Institutions Important Pollutants are Biodegradable Organic matter, coliforms and pathogens.

2. Domestic Sources:

From Houses

Commercial buildings

Institutions

Important Pollutants are Biodegradable Organic matter, coliforms and pathogens.

3. Agricultural Sources: Soil and silt removed by erosion Agricultural run off Synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides Plant residue.

3. Agricultural Sources:

Soil and silt removed by erosion

Agricultural run off

Synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides

Plant residue.

Classification of Water Pollution: (based on nature of its origin) Point Sources From pipes and sewage treatment plants and industrial facilities. Non Point Sources Urban storm water run off, run off from farm fields, acid rain, etc.

Classification of Water Pollution:

(based on nature of its origin)

Point Sources

From pipes and sewage treatment plants and industrial facilities.

Non Point Sources

Urban storm water run off, run off from farm fields, acid rain, etc.

Classified based on their environmental or health effects: Infectious agents. Oxygen demanding wastes Plant nutrients Inorganic pollutants Toxic organic chemicals Sediment Thermal pollutants Radioactive pollutants.

Classified based on their environmental or health effects:

Infectious agents.

Oxygen demanding wastes

Plant nutrients

Inorganic pollutants

Toxic organic chemicals

Sediment

Thermal pollutants

Radioactive pollutants.

Wastewater Characterization: Physial Chemical Biological 1.Physical Characteristics: Colour Odour Turbidity Temperature Solids

Wastewater Characterization:

Physial

Chemical

Biological

1.Physical Characteristics:

Colour

Odour

Turbidity

Temperature

Solids

2.Chemical Characteristics: PH Alkalinity Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals, nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 3.Biological Characteristics Bacteria Algae Protozoa Viruses Coliforms

2.Chemical Characteristics:

PH

Alkalinity

Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals, nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

3.Biological Characteristics

Bacteria

Algae

Protozoa

Viruses

Coliforms

END MAJID MOHIUDDIN

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