Microorganism & Water Pollution

MICROORGANISMS & WATER POLLUTION MAJID MOHIUDDIN

IMPORTANCE:
Every thing originated in the water & everything is sustained by water.
All life on earth depends on water.
Man uses water for many purposes.
- drinking
- irrigation
- fisheries
- industrial processes
- transportation
- waste disposal

IMPORTANCE OF WATER
For life
Inorganic constituent of living matter.
Medium for Growth:
Second natural medium
Contain mineral nutrients and dissolved oxygen.
Organic matter = Microbial Population.
Microbial population higher in Rivers near thickly populated cities than village.
PH, Temperature range & inorganic phosphate & situation of the lake.
Availability of possible factors (Zinc & Coppers)- limits growth of Microbes. & Poor quantity of nitrate and nitrogen.
Calcium-harmful for algae.

Water in Nature
Water exist in 3 states
Gas Solid Liquid Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere

Ocean Polar Ice Caps Glaciers Ice fields Inland surface water – Lakes and River

Ocean – 97% of the Hydrosphere .

Polar ice caps Ice fields Glaciers 2% in the form of ice

Inland surface water 0.02% Lake River

TYPES OF WATER
Atmospheric water: Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria)
Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa .
Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply)
Stored water: Pounds, Reservoirs, Lakes & Ocean.
Microbial Population decreases
X Area
X Types of vegetation
X Seasons
X Individual chemical components
X Total inorganic Salt contents.
Protozoa Presents.

Atmospheric water Rain water & Snow water (dust, soot & suspended particles & Air borne bacteria)

Surface water: Mountain, river water also. (organic matter, Soil microflora). Saprophytic Spp. & Protozoa . Mountain water River water

Ground water: Water percolates (few bacteria & little amount of organic matter). (Microbes cannot multiply)

Stored water Pond Reservoirs Lakes Ocean

Classified Based on Suitability for support of living matter.
Stored Water:
Eutrophic Lake: Well nourished
Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished
Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Stored Water:
Eutrophic Lake

Stored Water:
2. Oligotrophic Lake: Poorly nourished

Stored Water:
3.Dystrophic Lake: High Organic matter of special type – Lake dark and acidic.

Water Impurities
Sea water ( about 3% dissolved mineral impurities)
Connote water (Produced with some crude oils, sometimes 20 to 30% dissolved salts)
Brackish water ( Industrial waste water)
Measured in Parts Per Million (ppm)
- 10,000 ppm = 0.015%

MICROORGANISMS IN WATER
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Periphyton (Biotecton)
Benthos (Zoobenthos)
Saprotrophs (Bacteria and Fungi)
- Pleosaprophytic Zone
- Mesosaprophytic Zone
- Oligosaphrophytic Zone
6. Sea water Microorganism

Phytoplankton:
- Floating microscopic autotrophs
- Cyanobacteria, algae (Chlorophyceae & Bacillariophyceae)
Classified based on Size:
- Ultraplankton 0.5 to 10 m
- Nannoplankton 10 to 50 m
- Microplankton 50 to 500 m
- Net plankton
- Macroplankton 500 m
Primary Producers – indicates water quality
Biological treatment of Organic wastes in water .

2 . Zooplankton:
Heterogenous assemblage of minute floating animal forms found in water.
Locomotary structures
Primary consumers
Dominating Members
Protozoa,
Ronifera,
Copepoda
Cladocera
Ostracod.

3. Periphyton (Biotecton)
are the organisms (both plant and animal) attached or clinging to the submerged plant or other surfaces projecting above the bottom
An organism may remain as periphyton throughout its life or during some period of its life cycle.
Animals may be an obligatory or a facultative periphyton.

Periphytons

4. Benthios (Zoobenthos)
The heterogenous assemblage of organisms attached or resting on the bottom or living in the bottom sediments of a body of water.
Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants.
Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals.

Phytobenthos- Benthic Plants

Zoobenthos – Benthic Animals

5. Saprotrophs (Bacteria & Fungi):
mud water.
Saprophytism
Pleosaprophytic Zone: Heavily Polluted Zone of water reservoir and contains sufficient amount of Organic residues of plants and animals.
Mesosaprophytic Zone: Less polluted due to high rate of mineralisation and oxidation of organic matter.
Oligosaphrophytic zone: pure and clear water

Microorganisms in sea:
Heliophilic (sunlight)
Barophilic (high hydrostatic pressure)
Psychrophilic (low temperature)
All are decomposed by decomposed by bacteria and other microbes.
Contains bacteria, aerobic cellulose fermenters, fibriocolytic bacteria ad sulphuroxidizing bacteria, Blue green algae, green algae and diatoms.

WATER POLLUTION
Change in quality or composition
By Waste disposal and other human activities
Less suitable or Harmful for drinking, domestic, agricultural recreational, fisheries or other purposes.
Water Pollution: The adding to water of any substance, or the changing of water’s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purpose.

It contain impurities of various kinds- both dissolved and suspended
Dissolved gases (H 2 S, CO 2 , NH 3 , N 2 )
Dissoved minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium)
Suspended impurities ( clay, silt, sand and mud)
Microorganisms.

Some different types of Water Pollution
Microbiological
Chemical
Oxygen depleting substances
Nutrients
Suspended matter

Sources of Water Pollution:
Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc.
Anthropogenic Sources:
Industrial sources
Domestic Sources
Agricultural Sources
Mining Sources
Physical Pollutants (thermal and radioactive substances).

Industrial Sources:
Tanneries
Sugar mills
Pulp and Paper mills,
Distilleries, Oil refineries etc.
Tanneries
Sugar mills
Pulp and Paper mills Distilleries, Oil refineries

2. Domestic Sources:
From Houses
Commercial buildings
Institutions
Important Pollutants are Biodegradable Organic matter, coliforms and pathogens.

3. Agricultural Sources:
Soil and silt removed by erosion
Agricultural run off
Synthetic fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides
Plant residue.

Classification of Water Pollution:
(based on nature of its origin)
Point Sources
From pipes and sewage treatment plants and industrial facilities.
Non Point Sources
Urban storm water run off, run off from farm fields, acid rain, etc.

Classified based on their environmental or health effects:
Infectious agents.
Oxygen demanding wastes
Plant nutrients
Inorganic pollutants
Toxic organic chemicals
Sediment
Thermal pollutants
Radioactive pollutants.

Wastewater Characterization:
Physial
Chemical
Biological
1.Physical Characteristics:
Colour
Odour
Turbidity
Temperature
Solids

2.Chemical Characteristics:
PH
Alkalinity
Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals, nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
3.Biological Characteristics
Bacteria
Algae
Protozoa
Viruses
Coliforms

END
MAJID MOHIUDDIN

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Microorganism & Water Pollution

by Majid Mohiuddin on Jan 01, 2009

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Microorganism & Water Pollution — Presentation Transcript