Analysis of Water Pollutions MAJID MOHIUDDIN

Quantitative measurements of water pollution Physical, Chemical, Biological and Microbiological : To assess water quality To provide pure water to public for drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. To choose the most effective heatment method for impure water. To determine the efficiency towards natural purification. To trace the origin. To check efficiency, uniformity and consistency of treatment processes. To analyze whether infection by microbial organisms. To find out particular microorganism and to suggest preventive measures and effective disinfection procedures. Sewage and waste waters are analyzed to determine the influence of them on receiving waters and to protect them from contamination.

Physical, Chemical, Biological and Microbiological :

To assess water quality

To provide pure water to public for drinking, domestic and industrial purposes.

To choose the most effective heatment method for impure water.

To determine the efficiency towards natural purification.

To trace the origin.

To check efficiency, uniformity and consistency of treatment processes.

To analyze whether infection by microbial organisms.

To find out particular microorganism and to suggest preventive measures and effective disinfection procedures.

Sewage and waste waters are analyzed to determine the influence of them on receiving waters and to protect them from contamination.

Water Analysis One Part per million (ppm) = 1 milligram per litre = 1 gm per cubic metre = 0.1 part per hundred thousand = 0.0583 grain per U.S. gallon = 0.00833 pounds per 1000 U.S. gallons One grain per U.S. gallon (gpg) = 17.1. parts per million = 17.1 milligrams per lire = 17.1 grains per cubic metre = 0.143 pounds per 1000 U.S. gallons Chemical and Physical analysis of Water Bacteriological Examination Biological Examination Radiological Examinations

One Part per million (ppm) = 1 milligram per litre

= 1 gm per cubic metre

= 0.1 part per hundred thousand

= 0.0583 grain per U.S. gallon

= 0.00833 pounds per 1000 U.S. gallons

One grain per U.S. gallon (gpg) = 17.1. parts per million

= 17.1 milligrams per lire

= 17.1 grains per cubic metre

= 0.143 pounds per 1000 U.S. gallons

Chemical and Physical analysis of Water

Bacteriological Examination

Biological Examination

Radiological Examinations

Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical examination of water. Chemical Substances affecting Potability Chemical substances affecting Health. Measurement of Toxic Chemical Substances. Chemical Substances Indicative of Water Pollution.

Chemical Substances affecting Potability

Chemical substances affecting Health.

Measurement of Toxic Chemical Substances.

Chemical Substances Indicative of Water Pollution.

Chemical Substances affecting Potability Colour - Tintometer Turbidity – Absorptiometer or Jackson’s Turbidimeter. Odour Taste Temperature Hydrogen ion concentration Electrical conductivity Solids Suspended Solids Dissolved solids Acidity Alkalinity Free Carbon dioxide Free chlorine Chlorine demand Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, Silver, Zinc, Beryllium

Chemical Substances affecting Potability

Colour - Tintometer

Turbidity – Absorptiometer or Jackson’s Turbidimeter.

Odour

Taste

Temperature

Hydrogen ion concentration

Electrical conductivity

Solids

Suspended Solids

Dissolved solids

Acidity

Alkalinity

Free Carbon dioxide

Free chlorine

Chlorine demand

Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, Silver, Zinc, Beryllium

2. Chemical substances affecting Health. Ammonia Nitrate and Nitrite Cyanide Sulphate Sulphide Chloride Fluoride Fluoridation

2. Chemical substances affecting Health.

Ammonia

Nitrate and Nitrite

Cyanide

Sulphate

Sulphide

Chloride

Fluoride

Fluoridation

3. Measurement of Toxic Chemical Substances. Cadmium Copper Chromium Arsenic Lead Tin and Bismuth Mercury Detergents (anionic surfactants) Oil and Grease Carcinogens Phenols

3. Measurement of Toxic Chemical Substances.

Cadmium

Copper

Chromium

Arsenic

Lead

Tin and Bismuth

Mercury

Detergents (anionic surfactants)

Oil and Grease

Carcinogens

Phenols

4. Chemical Substances Indicative of Water Pollution. Dissolved Oxygen Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

4. Chemical Substances Indicative of Water Pollution.

Dissolved Oxygen

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WATER BACTERIOLOGICAL TEST Total Count Test E.coli Test or Coliform Test. Presumptive Test Confirmed Test Completed Test

BACTERIOLOGICAL TEST

Total Count Test

E.coli Test or Coliform Test.

Presumptive Test

Confirmed Test

Completed Test

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