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V I D E O A N A LY T I C S   |    BUYER’S TIPS       |   H.264



 CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
   JANUARY 2009                  HANDBOOK TO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE

A special supplement with


               MIDDLE EAST

 IN CO-OPERATION WITH




DIGITAL EYES
The definitive guide to video surveillance
How do you make a




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CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
                    HANDBOOK TO UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS




C-EYE-O
                                                                                                                           requires at least one employee. Digital
                                                                                                                           video also beats tape in terms of storage
                                                                                                                           and retrieval. Tape-based systems can
                                                                                                                           require a full-time employee just for
                                                                                                                           retrieval.
                                                                                                                               But the key to IP-based video
                                                                                                                           surveillance’s appeal is the ever-
                                                                                                                           expanding roster of applications
                                                                                                                           being attached to it. In other words,
                                                                                                                           surveillance isn’t just about security
                                                                                                                           anymore. For example, in retail stores,
                                                                                                                           video surveillance is being used for
                                                                                                                           measuring foot traffic through a store to




V
                                                                                                                           understand both peak traffic times and
          ideo surveillance is at the                          proving ROI on digital surveillance may                     also shoppers’ browsing habits, which
          front end of an astonishing                          not be as hard as you think either. The                     in turn allows them to better configure
          transformation. Once a world                         post-9/11 obsession with security created                   merchandise around the store. Of course
          of clunky cameras and closed-                        this surge in surveillance investment, but                  the surveillance is used for security as
circuit coaxial networks hardwired into a                      what’s sustaining it is that digital video                  well, but it’s also being utilized to train
room full of cloudy gray 5-inch screens,                       surveillance appears to be living up to its                 new employees.
surveillance is rapidly becoming a land                        hype. And, when done well, it provides                          Training, in fact, has become a possible
of sleek, intelligent cameras linked to                        real ROI for the business. First off, it allows             killer applet for video surveillance, due
software applications running on the IP                        for consolidation of monitoring: You can                    in large part to the increased quality of
network. Some of these applications are                        watch many geographically disperse                          the images. Video of cashiers at a grocery
basic, such as motion detection setting off                    sites from one control room--something                      store doing their jobs correctly (and
alarms. Some are clever, such as a grocery                     that was impossible with closed-circuit                     incorrectly) is edited into video packages
store system where cameras at                                  systems. An even bigger benefit of digital                  that train new hires. Still others are using
the checkout counter are linked to the                         is that central control and monitoring                      cameras to improve logistics, assembling
receipt tape.                                                  allows you to put cameras at smaller                        trains at humpyards (where the rail cars
    Though CCTV still composes almost                          sites and monitor them from the central                     come off boats and trucks), for example,
half the overall video surveillance market,                    operations center. With CCTV, you’d                         or monitoring assembly lines for quality
its share is rapidly swindling with a surge                    require a closed system at that smaller                     control. Suddenly, surveillance is a
in IP-based digital video systems. And                         site and onsite monitoring, which itself                    business enabler, not just barbed wire.




CEO and Publisher         Dominic De Sousa                    Published by               Regional partner of
Managing Director         Amit Pateria
and Associate Publisher
Managing Editor           Kavitha Rajasekhar Vivek
and Associate Publisher
Editor                    Jeevan Thankappan
Chief Designer            Denis Fuentes                                                  © Copyright 2009 CPI.
Designers                 Mark Cantalejo, Analou Balbero                                   All rights reserved.
                                                                                   While the publishers have made every
Sales Director            Sreejith Nambiar                                          effort to ensure the accuracy of all
IT Manager                Nadeem Hood                                               information in this magazine, they
Webmasters                Tristan Troy Maagma,                 Head Office          will not be held responsible for any
                          Elizabeth Reyes                      PO Box 13700                     errors therein.
Production                James P. Tharian                       Dubai, UAE
Subscription              subscribe@cpidubai.com            Tel: +971 4 3515316
Marketing Manager         David Johnshaju                   Fax: +971 4 3598486
                                                           Web: www.cpidubai.com




                                                                                                                                                                          3
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
    BUYERS’ GUIDE




    A BUYERS’ GUIDE
    TO IP SURVEILLANCE
    CAMERAS
    IP network-based surveillance cameras offer enticing possibilities. But do you want full
    or partial IP? How much bandwidth? We’ll walk you through the entire process.


    N
               etwork cameras for IP-based              that convert the analog signal to one that
               video surveillance systems               can run over IP. These systems work well
               have been around since 1996.             but are not architected for growth. Full
               These are attached directly to           IP installations are more streamlined and
    the network and send video to a network             efficient and require less maintenance.        Do’s and Don’ts
    video recorder or to a server equipped with         They’re digital from one end to another and
    video management software, which stores,            are very reliable because there are fewer        DON’T let cost be your guiding light. Most
    displays or broadcasts the images. It will be       moving parts.                                  people buy cameras with cost as their highest
    another five years, according to consultancy            Second, consider if there is enough        priority and effectiveness as the second, which
                                                                                                       results in grainy, out-of-focus images. There
    and research firm Gartner, before the market        bandwidth on the corporate backbone.
                                                                                                       are tools available that help you choose the
    favors IP over analog. However, IP cameras              Because IP-based surveillance places
                                                                                                       resolution and lens that fits your needs, based
    are considered a fast-growing market;               new demands on existing network
                                                                                                       on factors like distance and camera height.
    according to IMS Research, the global               infrastructures, the physical security
    network video market grew 42 percent last           department has to work with IT to
                                                                                                         DON’T think small when upgrading from
    year and is expected to reach $2.6 billion          implement or even choose the best system,
                                                                                                       analog/DVR systems.
    by 2010.                                            which means overcoming a traditional
        Experts say the reasons for analog’s            barrier between the two groups. The best         DO understand the trade-offs to high-
    continued dominance center mainly                   decisions on network design will be made       quality images. Favor a crisper image over
    around upgrade costs and a general lack of          jointly between the two groups, says Jeff      smooth motion.
    knowledge about networking technologies             Vining, research vice president at Gartner.
    in many physical security departments.              For instance, because streaming live video       DO consider the benefits of centralizing
                                                        is bandwidth-intensive, it can be too costly   video surveillance.
    Two Key Decisions                                   to upgrade networks or too difficult to use
    When looking at your options, the first thing       in situations where there are many users.        DON’T assume everything is mix and
    you need to consider is whether you should          To optimize bandwidth, you may need to         match. While many network cameras claim
    use full or partial IP. You can still get some of   use application delivery controllers and/or    compatibility with many vendors’ video
    the advantages of IP while maintaining your         wide-area-network optimization controllers,    management software, some management
    investment in analog by using encoders              he says.                                       software is more open than others.



4
Because IP-based surveillance places new demands on
    existing network infrastructures, the physical security
    department has to work with IT to implement or even                                        camera with adjustable lenses to control
                                                                                               the amount of light that is received. This is
    choose the best system, which means overcoming a                                           especially important, Vining says, when a
    traditional barrier between the two groups                                                 camera is facing east or west. However, he
                                                                                               says, some organizations will simply elevate
                                                                                               camera mounts and then angle downward
Evaluation Criteria                             needed context. “You need to use that          to view the horizon rather than incur the
The range of features available on network      selectively,” he says.                         additional costs of adjustable lenses.
cameras is constantly changing, but here        Power source: The state-of-the-art             Open platforms: Look for vendors
are some basic things to look for, according    approach for network cameras is to use         that comply 100 percent with industry
to analysts.                                    power over Ethernet (POE), which means         standards, such as in the areas of
Field of view: According to Vining, most        you power the camera through the same          security and video compression, Gartner
applications call for a 240-degree field of     wire that sends the IP signal, resulting in    recommends. Also look for open application
view and a zoom capability of 500 feet. For     significant cost savings. POE is not always    programming interfaces and multiple
those who need more, there are pan/tilt/        available on PTZ cameras, however, because     supported software applications.
zoom (PTZ) cameras, which can provide           of the amount of power they consume. Also      Scalability: Companies with large
360-degree views. These can cost more than      ensure that the POE feature complies with      installations will want the equipment to be
twice as much as fixed cameras, Vining says,    the IEEE 802.3af standard so it’s compatible   compatible with tools that locate, update
and normally require more maintenance           with network switches from leading             and monitor the status of the devices and
because of their moving parts.                  vendors.                                       their IP addresses.
Bandwidth: It’s a huge issue, especially as     Resolution: Many users are moving toward       Service/support: Make sure the vendor
demand grows for more cameras on the            megapixel cameras, which offer five times      or reseller is able to send replacement
network and higher-resolution images. You       the resolution of video graphics array (VGA)   parts quickly and can readily offer
can reduce bandwidth consumption by             cameras. Not only do you get a clearer         engineering support. Many network camera
putting intelligence into the camera, says      image, but because of the higher resolution,   manufacturers sell indirectly through
Simon Harris, senior analyst at IMS Research,   you can also reduce the number of cameras      channel partners, which is common in the
so, for instance, only certain images are       you need.                                      IT industry but not in the security industry.
forwarded. However, that means you’re           Auto filtering: For image clarity in various   This takes some getting used to among
not recording nonevents that may supply         lighting situations, it’s important to get a   traditional security personnel.



                                                                                                                                               5
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
    VIDEO ANALYTICS


    AVOIDING COMMON
    MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT
    VIDEO ANALYTICS
    Video content analysis (AKA video analytics) is
    getting better all the time, but it’s still new enough
    that buyers should proceed with eyes wide open




    V
              ideo analytics is one of those hot       MYTH ONE: Video analytics can replace
              technologies that gets people            or surpass human performance. When
              excited. The ability to use artificial   confronted with an unlikely claim about
              intelligence-based technology to         video analytics, a good rule of thumb is to
    “watch” video, extract useful information          ask the following question: could a person
    and create alerts holds much promise for           watching the video perform the same
    security and surveillance applications.            task? If the answer is no, then it is unlikely
    In fact, the technology can appear so              that video analytics can do it either. Even
    cutting-edge that it often sounds more             if the answer is yes, it is still possible that
    like science fiction than reality. And,            the abilities of video analytics will be
    unfortunately, the excitement around               stretched -- remember, humans have been
    the technology has led to a marketplace            interpreting visual images for about 5
    where the line between fiction and reality         million years. Computers have only been
    has blurred. For instance, one common              at it for about 40 years.
    myth about video analytics is that it
    can spot a terrorist in a stadium full of          THE TRUTH: In most operational
    people -- something even the human                 environments, good analytics software
    eye can’t detect. Or it can automatically          can be configured to be as capable as a
    “see” a person cheating at a black jack            human observer at detecting important
    table, while highly trained surveillance           events such as cars parking illegally,
    personnel cannot. This article covers the          people climbing over fences, people
    five biggest myths of video analytics              entering restricted areas, and so on. This
    technology and practice, and examines              event discrimination ability makes the
    the true state-of-the-art.                         technology a significant improvement



6
over other sensing technologies such             most realistic operational scenarios,
    as buried cables, microwave detectors,           there will be many false alarms caused by
    and taut-wire fencing. The real value of         extraneous motion and the inability of
    video analytics, though, is that casts an        VMD to distinguish between any motion
    unblinking eye over the scene -- in this         and a real event of interest.
    sense, it is a dramatic improvement over
    human performance                                THE TRUTH: Like any product, there
                                                     are varying design specifications behind
    MYTH TWO: Video analytics can improve            each video analytics application. Don’t
    bad CCTV infrastructure. Most CCTV               be fooled into thinking that a technology
    systems aren’t designed with video               for counting people in a retail setting
    analytics in mind -- in fact, many are           will work for perimeter protection or vice
    designed without human operators in              versa. Analytics products often make
    mind. Cameras are often low quality; views       assumptions about camera orientation,
    are obstructed by natural or man-made            distance to objects, numbers and types of
    obstacles such as trees and buildings; and       objects, indoor vs. outdoor environments,
    scenes are often poorly illuminated at           illumination and many other factors that
    night. Analytics is no “magic bullet” that       can affect performance. Make sure that
    can see through walls or turn night into         whichever products and technologies
    day. If the camera doesn’t have a clear          you choose are appropriate for your
    unobstructed view of the area of interest,       operational environment and your
    analytics will struggle to add value.            particular mission.

    THE TRUTH: The performance of analytics          MYTH FOUR: Video analytics (or the
    systems is generally very acceptable in          necessary hardware) is not cost effective.
    well-designed operating environments. If         Historically, video analytics solutions have
    there are enough pixels and appropriate          required a serious capital outlay to get




Analytics products often make
assumptions about camera orientation,
distance to objects, numbers and types of
objects, indoor vs. outdoor environments,
illumination and many other factors that
can affect performance.
    illumination to view an unobstructed area        up and running. Per-camera license costs
    of interest, detection rates are usually         used to be very high; systems required
    very good. Most reputable manufacturers          large PC infrastructure footprints; and
    claim detection rates (in ideal conditions) of   deployment, maintenance, and training
    over 90% with very acceptable false alarm        costs were a constant financial question.
    rates -- as low as 1 per week per camera or      In some cases this is still true! This is a
    even better.                                     very large expense for system that isn’t
                                                     going to replace a human guard-force any
    MYTH THREE: Video analytics are                  time soon.
    “one size fits all”. Customers often have
    trouble in the field when an analytics           THE TRUTH: Video analytics technology,
    technology is taken outside of its comfort       as it has matured in the marketplace,
    zone. There are many different video             has become more of a value-added
    analytics products that are designed to          component of CCTV infrastructure rather
    do many different jobs in many different         than a stand-alone enterprise software
    operational environments. Many vendors           solution. Today, it is possible to purchase
    are even selling Video Motion Detection          true intelligent analytics capabilities as
    (VMD) as intelligent video analytics. In a       a feature of main-stream CCTV hardware
    largely unchanging, indoor environment,          components such as: cameras; IP video
    VMD might provide some value but in              encoders; IP routers; and DVRs, NVRs, and



                                                                                                    7
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
    VIDEO ANALYTICS
                                                                                            Analytics features
                                                                                            do add a premium
                                                                                            to the prices of
                                                                                            these devices but
                                                                                            the price-tag is
                                                                                            significantly lower
                                                                                            than a stand-alone
                                                                                            PC-based solution.
                                                                                            Furthermore,
                                                                                            more sophisticated
                                                                                            customers of
                                                                                            analytics have
                                                                                            seen more value
                                                                                            in analytics than
                                                                                            simply replacing a
                                                                                            guard-force.

                                                                                             MYTH FIVE: Video analytics is over-
                                                                                             hyped. It seems that there is a new
                                                                                             video analytics vendor hawking their
                                                                                             wares every week. Every video analytics
                                                                                             application is the best on the market: the
                                                                                             most robust; with fewest false alarms;
                                                                                             also easiest to use; and operating in the
                                                                                             widest variety of environments; oh, and it
                                                                                             costs almost nothing to own. With all the
                                                                                             market noise, it is difficult to separate the
                                                                                             wheat from the chaff of even figure out if
                                                                                             there is any wheat at all!

                                                                                             THE TRUTH: Like any competitive
                                                                                             market with new and exciting technology,
                                                                                             there will be outrageous claims made
                                                                                             by some less-than-scrupulous vendors.
                                                                                             But this doesn’t mean that everything
                                                                                             is hype. We’re all familiar with used car
                                                                                             salespeople and yet there are a great
                                                                                             many good quality used cars out there.
                                                                                             Be suspicious of a vendor who answers
                                                                                             “yes” to every question. Look for reputable
    video management platforms. Analytics       are now reaping value from analytics         vendors with proven track records. They
    features do add a premium to the prices     by making their people, processes and        will help guide you through the process of
    of these devices but the price-tag is       infrastructure more cost-effective. This     evaluating and deploying video analytics.
    significantly lower than a stand-alone      is being done by using analytics to          They will help set expectations and work
    PC-based solution. Furthermore, more        help optimize bandwidth and storage          with integrators to ensure that CCTV
    sophisticated customers of analytics        of network video systems; or by using        infrastructure will be appropriate to make
    have seen more value in analytics than      analytics to make forensic investigations    your mission and your experience with
    simply replacing a guard-force. Customers   faster and more personnel-efficient.         analytics as successful as possible.



8
help me accomplish that I can’t accomplish
                                                                                                    any other way? Could analytics allow you
                                                                                                    to reduce your security guard force? Could
                                                                                                    it let you monitor a site remotely and save
                                                                                                    money on gasoline? Could it help manage
                                                                                                    all the video information you’re collecting
                                                                                                    or let you conduct investigations more
                                                                                                    efficiently? Prices have come down, but
                                                                                                    the technology is still expensive. One way
                                                                                                    vendors are dealing with this is by moving
                                                                                                    to packaged models, with groups of
                                                                                                    algorithms targeted at specific industries.

                                                                                                    TIP 3 - Think About Whether On-the-
                                                                                                    Edge Analytics Makes Sense for You
                                                                                                    Another key decision is whether you want
                                                                                                    to have content analysis performed “on the
                                                                                                    edge”—that is, on digital video cameras or
                                                                                                    encoders, rather than on servers or DVRs.
                                                                                                    Analysts say this is where the industry is
                                                                                                    heading, but right now you still have a lot
                                                                                                    of options.
                                                                                                        The advantage of on-the-edge analytics
                                                                                                    is that content analysis can be performed
                                                                                                    when the video is of its highest quality,
                                                                                                    before it is compressed to be sent over
                                                                                                    the network and stored. A traditional,
                                                                                                    centralized model, however, provides
                                                                                                    more flexibility. One DVR or server can
                                                                                                    do analytics on more than one camera
                                                                                                    feed, which means that capabilities can
                                                                                                    be directed and redirected based on the
                                                                                                    needs of the minute.
                                                                                                        Which direction to go, says Frost &
                                                                                                    Sullivan research analyst Dilip Sarangan,
                                                                                                    depends largely on your organization’s




LOOK SMART
                                                                                                    network capabilities and what the IT
                                                                                                    department is willing to put on the
                                                                                                    network, since video traffic tends to
                                                                                                    be a bandwidth hog. The decision may
                                                                                                    influence which vendors you want to
                                                                                                    consider. Some vendors, such as Cernium,
                                                                                                    focus on centralized tools, while others




V
                                                                                                    such as Ioimage focus on on-the-edge
          ideo analytics has come a long        intrusion detection, entry through an               setups. A lot of vendors, however, do sell
          way from the hyped-up, gee-whiz       exit and so on. Some of the analytics               both.
          technology of a few years ago that    companies are still focused on only the
          promised way more than it could       software.                                           TIP 4 - Test, Test, Test,
deliver. The good news is, the technology                                                           Before You Write the Check
has improved enough that organizations,         TIP 2 - Start With Your Business Need               Once you identify your business need
slowly but surely, are finding that analytics   – Then Select the Technology                        and narrow down the field, it’s time to
tools can help them make sense of all the       The latest video analytics tools claim to           start testing. Video analytics technology
video they are collecting and even find an      do very sophisticated activities, from              is able to deliver on more of its promises
ROI—but only if they are careful shoppers.      identifying loiterers to detecting vandalism        than it could a few years ago. Even
Here’s what to know before you begin.           to monitoring crowds for dropped                    today, however, the technology must be
                                                baggage. When evaluating your options,              configured correctly, and it may not work
TIP 1 - Understand the Marketplace              you may be tempted to get carried away.             at all in certain situations. Fortunately,
Once, video analytics was largely a             Don’t. Always start with the business need,         vendors may be willing to let you try out
software business, with applications            then see if there is technology that could          the hardware or software for a month or
residing on central servers or digital video    fill it—not the other way around.                   two before you actually write any checks.
recorders. These applications were (and               It’s like every other decision. What is the   Insist on it.
still are) based on algorithms that monitor     return on investment, what is the value it
for specific events—motion detection,           can bring my organization, and what can it



                                                                                                                                                  9
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
     IP VIDEO




      MANAGING IP VIDEO
       ON THE NETWORK
                The growing popularity of video surveillance is fuelled by the shift
                to IP video systems that are less expensive than traditional analogue
                systems and make it easier to add or relocate cameras and multicast
                video signals to multiple locations.

10
Video-recording management software also can
     act as a traffic cop — helping distribute video in
     1GB blocks across various iSCSI disk arrays on the
     network. This allows for higher storage limits for
     cameras that are capturing video in sensitive or
     high-traffic areas where alarms are frequent.
                                                   Video content analysis (VCA) embedded          Consider a university with 20 buildings
                                               in an IP encoder — the device that             and 25 cameras per building. Each
                                               translates analogue camera signals into        camera is recording high-quality video at
                                               digital — also can reduce the amount           2.8Mbps per camera for 90 days. With an
                                               of traffic sent across the network. With       NVR solution, the university would need
                                               VCA at the edge, it is possible to only        1,500TB of storage and 40 NVRs spread
                                               transmit video that generates an alarm         over each location. With direct-to-iSCSI
                                               due to a security concern — such as a          recording, the 40 NVR PCs are not required.
                                               person loitering, theft of an object or an         Multiple cameras can share the
                                               object left behind in a scene. By selecting    direct-to-iSCSI RAIDs on a local recording
                                               specific portions of video to forward, VCA     network, keeping the recording load off
                                               diminishes the amount of bandwidth             the main local or wide-area network.
                                               required for surveillance but enables          Video traverses the backbone only when
                                               all camera channels to be monitored            personnel need to review stored video.
                                               effectively.                                   When this occurs, the video can be shared
                                                   Of course, storing all of that IP video    and searched by anyone with the proper
                                               represents a challenge. A 200GB hard           network access.
                                               drive can store approximately two weeks            This approach also means that
                                               of video data, depending on the quality        enterprises do not lose recorded video
                                               of video. For some industries, such            due to network outages or NVR server
                                               as correctional facilities and gaming,         hardware or software failure.
                                               regulations require that recorded video is         Video-recording management software
                                               stored for a longer period of time — up to     also can act as a traffic cop — helping




Y
                                               30 days or even a year in some states.         distribute video in 1GB blocks across
          et, every system is limited by           Enterprises can reduce storage costs       various iSCSI disk arrays on the network.
          two finite resources: network        by improving and optimizing how the            This allows for higher storage limits for
          bandwidth and disk space.            available storage is shared among cameras.     cameras that are capturing video in
              A 100Mbps network                The traditional storage approach uses          sensitive or high-traffic areas where alarms
connection can support nearly 85               network video recorders (NVRs), which          are frequent.
cameras producing 10-15KB images per           are PC servers that act as gateways to             Also, if one disk array fails, the
second (about 1Mbps each), but the             directly attached SCSI RAID storage or         recording-management software will
network will be running at 100 percent         storage-area network storage. By moving        simply redirect video to a backup device.
utilization. Whether the IP video system       the intelligence to the edge, it is possible   That results in better disk utilization, better
is on the existing IT network or a parallel    to configure an IP camera or IP encoder to     load balancing and greater reliability. This
network, enterprises need to set a realistic   stream directly to an iSCSI RAID, bypassing    architecture is also simpler, with fewer
bandwidth target and then determine how        the NVR and the associated capital and         items that can fail, and less hardware and
many cameras can be supported by their         ongoing costs.                                 software for IT personnel to manage.
infrastructure                                     The difference in this architecture            Among enterprises, there is no doubt
    To ensure efficient bandwidth usage,       is particularly noticeable in dispersed        that the use of video surveillance is
security integrators can help design fluid     systems where the WAN lacks the                growing, making it important that IT
systems that adjust to accommodate traffic     bandwidth for centralized recording.           managers understand the methods to
surges. For example, frame rates can be        Instead of installing NVRs in each building,   eliminate issues that can cause network
reduced temporarily while the sharpness        which can be a maintenance nightmare,          congestion and failure. Recording video at
of each image is maintained, or the same       enterprises can install storage that is        the edge is a simple and common practice
number of frames can be recorded at a          directly attached to IP cameras or to IP       that can make IP video surveillance systems
lower resolution.                              encoders.                                      easier to manage and more cost-effective.



                                                                                                                                                11
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
     FEATURE




        HOW TO BUILD
       A SURVEILLANCE
       CAMERA SYSTEM
                   TIPS TO GET YOU STARTED ON THE RIGHT ROAD


     STEP 1:
     Determine your cameras’ raison d’être.
                                                 STEP 3:
                                                 Get smart on camera technologies.
                                                                                                Going mega
     From this you’ll be able to decide just     Determine the effect of new technologies
     about everything else. Be on demand,        on operations, training, maintenance and       Network cameras are reaping the benefits
     because you can’t watch the cameras all     staffing. Determine how clear you need         of the megapixel revolution, a major
     the time. You should be able to call up     the picture to be (as opposed to how           benefit that cannot be achieved by their
     the camera with the best coverage to        clear you want it to be). This will have an    analogue counterparts. The new generation
     monitor situations if and when incidents    impact on costs. Here are some of your         of megapixel cameras provide enhanced
     occur. Allow for targeted “smart” cameras   choices:                                       clarity and practical intelligence into any
     for high-risk areas, so that camers will       FRAME RATE. The more frames per             security or surveillance operation. From
     trigger alarms when something begins to     second (fps) you choose, the more              airports, stadiums and shopping malls, to
     happen.                                     network capacity each camera will require      corporate, banking car parks and public
                                                 and the more data storage you’ll need.         spaces, the megapixel resolution will extend

     STEP 2:                                        RESOLUTION. Similar to frame rate,          your capability to protect people, property,
                                                 but this is not a motion issue; rather, it’s   products and services. With 1.3 megapixel
     Take an inventory.                          a clarity issue. The clearer your picture,     resolution, this new generation of cameras
     If you have cameras already, survey what    the more pixels it will have, the larger the   can deliver sharp and vivid images, at even
                                                                                                wide viewing angles, ideal for forensic details
     departments own them, what they are         file will be and the more bandwidth it will
                                                                                                in security applications like building entrances
     for, how they are monitored and what        consume.
                                                                                                and car parks, the megapixel range gives you
     format they use, then decide if any of         COMPRESSION. There are several
                                                                                                the level of identification detail you need
     these cameras can be folded into your       standard commercial compression
                                                                                                without creating over-large files causing
     new system.                                 algorithms, but the most common, for
                                                                                                bandwidth problems.



12
13
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
     FEATURE

     all the right reasons, is MPEG-4. You can
     add a commercial compression package
     to your MPEG-4 to further reduce your                At some point you’ll want to
     storage needs.
        STORAGE DURATION. Thirty days of                  convert your images to digital
     storage is the unofficial standard. This             to take advantage of its easier
     gives enough time, without overdoing it,
     to learn of an incident before the data is           storage and better retrieve and
     lost. When you get an event of interest,
     you should plan on dropping that file
                                                          search capabilities.
     onto a DVD and storing it indefinitely
     or at least until all criminal and civil            DIGITAL VS. ANALOGUE. At some
     proceedings are concluded, including             point you’ll want to convert your images
     appeals. You can also send events of             to digital to take advantage of its easier
     interest to a separate server for indefinite     storage and better retrieve and search
     storage.                                         capabilities. But analog images can travel
        STORAGE SIZE. A single digital                farther from the camera, so cable runs
     camera running 24 hours at just 5 fps,           will impact your choices. A consultant can
     using MPEG-4 at Quarter CIF resolution,          advise you on the best route to go.
     creates 11GB of information. A 500-                 PAN TILT ZOOM (PTZ). There are
     camera system, not at all uncommon for           two ways to do this. The old-fashioned
     corporate buildings and campuses, will           way, which still works really well, is to
     generate 165 terabytes every month. So           physically move the camera and change
     it’s easy to see why keeping pedestrian          its focus whenever you want to get a
     images beyond 30 days is economically            close-up. Dome cameras have a dark
     foolhardy. And remember, this is with            bubble over the camera to mask where
     cameras running on spare frame rates             it is pointed at any given time. Make sure
     and resolutions. Full motion video (30           each PTZ has a default “park” position
     fps) will create 990 terabytes, almost a         that gives you an optimal view and focal
     petabyte, of data. If you also go to full CIF,   length. It is easy to forget to do this and
     multiply that by four, and you’re talking        leave a PTZ where it was last focused; this
     a few petabytes a month! Stay on top of          will likely not give you the best coverage
     the contractors and consultants so that          when nothing special is happening. The
     they stick to the original engineering           other (more costly) way to do PTZ is
     discussions, or they could easily overdo         digitally, within the image itself. This will
     your system. Mission creep can be                require megapixel images. Zooming in on,
     expensive. And remember, it’s not just           say, a license plate, will fuzz out the image
     storage but also bandwidth you have              illegibly if you don’t start with sufficient
     to consider.                                     pixel density in your camera platform.



         5 ROI rules of thumb                           ROI rules of thumb when you’re building
                                                        your case for the upgrade:
                                                                                                       positive ROI. Linking video surveillance
                                                                                                       to access and safety, especially, could
                                                            *Digital video surveillance scales well.   possibly allow you to lower insurance
                                                        The larger your planned installation, the      premiums, but also to facilitate response
         You’re likely dealing with a CEO and CFO       more remote sites you plan to monitor          times to crises large and small.
         who want to know why they should               from a central control room, the more              *Cross-threading applications and
         invest in Escalade-like networked              efficiency you can create and the faster       systems allows you to share the cost
         digital video when they’ve already got         your return will come.                         burden with other departments.
         a perfectly fine Chevy CCTV system.                *Cost calculations favor digital video         *The more things a digital video
         That is, you need to demonstrate video         over closed systems. The economics of          surveillance system does, the higher
         surveillance ROI.                              storage favour standard IT infrastructure      the ROI. What software applications,
            It’s impossible to create a generic         over closed systems such as DVRs. The          or even business activities, exist to
         return case for video surveillance             equipment functions better with less           extend the usefulness of the surveillance
         because, while its applications overlap,       repair. It’s also easier to expand on.         infrastructure? Training? Marketing? Find
         they are also unmanageably varied. Still           *Integration with other systems will       all the ones that are realistic for you and
         having said that, we can descry some           cost more up front but will also facilitate    attach a value to them.




14
STEP 4:
                                                                                                                Wrestle a few more issues to the ground.
                                                                                                                   MONITORING. This is a contentious
                                                                                                                issue. The public may expect that
                                                                                                                cameras are monitored all the time,
                                                                                                                but it’s neither practical nor possible.
                                                                                                                The best you can do is put your high-
                                                                                                                priority camera images up in your
                                                                                                                command center for occasional viewing.
                                                                                                                Even better: Use analytics software to
                                                                                                                pinpoint an event of interest and call it
                                                                                                                up with an audible alarm.
                                                                                                                   DECOYS. It may be tempting to use
                                                                                                                dummy camera domes to suggest you
                                                                                                                have surveillance, this will give your
                                                                                                                public a false sense of security. Most
                                                                                                                competent programs avoid their use,
                                                                                                                except in specific circumstances and
                                                                                                                then only in concert with live cameras.
                                                                                                                   STAFFING. It’s unrealistic to expect
                                                                                                                to be given additional staff to monitor
                                                                                                                a new suite of cameras, and it’s equally
                                                                                                                unrealistic to expect to get different
                                                                                                                people than the ones you have now. For
                                                                                                                these reasons, you will want to choose a
                                                                                                                system that has a simple GUI (graphical
                                                                                                                user interface), provides out-of-service
                                                                                                                alarms for cameras and encoders, is low-
                                                                                                                maintenance and has high mean times
                                                                                                                between failures.
Surveillance software revenue to quadruple by 2013                                                                 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. If your




I
                                                                                                                cameras can view geography off your
     n a new study that has          of the more disturbing uses is         camera can recognize his face       property, consult with your software
     potentially Orwellian           the ability of store marketing         and send out an alert. Casinos      provider to mask out these areas. This
     implications, ABI Research      departments to actually monitor        are already deploying this sort     is especially important if you have
     projects that revenue for       the eyeball movements of               of face recognition software to     line of sight to residential properties.
video surveillance software          customers to figure out what           monitor their employees, Schatt     Supervision and the application of swift
will quadruple over the next         products or displays draw their        says, and using it to detect when
                                                                                                                discipline are very important to avoid
five years. According to ABI Vice    attention.                             certain employees enter into
President and Research Director           “When stores have the             unauthorized areas and alerting     inappropriate use.
Stan Schatt, revenue generated       ability to observe you as you          the security team.                     TRAINING. The more complex your
from surveillance software will      walk through a store, what I can            Schatt believes that as        system, the more training the staff will
increase to more than $900           imagine is that more and more          more surveillance equipment         need. This takes good time management
million in 2013, up from current     stores will try to basically have      becomes increasingly digitized      because unless you have a full shift to go
revenues of $245 million.            a pretty in-depth knowledge of         and software-reliant, it will       on training rotation, you will be doing
Schatt says there are several        their customers,” he says. “So let’s   increasingly move into the          training on overtime.
big drivers for this increase,       say for instance the store issues      purview of IT departments.             MAINTENANCE. Include in your
including increased spending         you a discount card that also has a    And because the surveillance
                                                                                                                maintenance contract a service-level
on security systems by the           radio frequency ID that identifies     software vastly broadens the
government, on theft prevention      who you are. And then let’s say        extent to which companies and       agreement that guarantees your high-
systems by retail outlets and        they observe you looking at, but       governments can watch people,       priority cameras are fixed promptly.
on surveillance by market            not actually purchasing, movies        it will inevitably create privacy   Be sure it requires an adequate stock
researchers. Additionally, he        in the adult video section. Well,      concerns that will have to be       of onsite replacement cameras and
says that the advent of Wi-Fi has    the next thing you know you’re         addressed.                          network encoders and other peripheral
made it possible to place wireless   getting all these promotional               “Down the road our             devices so that the most important
cameras just about anywhere          materials for racy movies you’re       behaviour is going to               cameras can be restored to service
while still sending footage back     not even interested in.”               be observed much more               quickly. Your system should open a
to a central location.                    Schatt also notes that more       frequently, and that has all        trouble ticket immediately upon device
     Looking at the broader          and more banks are looking             kind of implications,” he says.
                                                                                                                failure, and you will want to review the
picture, Schatt says that            into installing cameras with           “I mean, the fact that they’re
technological advances are           face recognition ability to help       actually looking at your eyeball    system’s performance monthly to ensure
also increasing the scope and        prevent robberies before they          movements shows we’ve               you are up to speed on how reliable it
the potential uses of video          even occur. Thus, when a known         reached a whole new realm of        is and which parts are giving you the
surveillance. He says that one       bank robber enters a bank, the         surveillance capabilities.”         most trouble.



                                                                                                                                                             15
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
     Q&A




     POISED FOR GROWTH
     Sony is at the forefront of the digital surveillance revolution, offering a wide
     ranging portfolio of products and solutions. Magesh Srinivasan, Marketing
     Manager, Sony Professional Solutions Middle East, encapsulates some of the key
     trends in the regional market.


16
camera is expensive, over time ’economies
                                                                 Magesh Srinivasan, Marketing
                                                                   Manager, Sony Professional       of scale’ should bring down the end-user
                                                                        Solutions Middle East       price. Sony’s range of mini-dome and box
                                                                                                    cameras are equipped with ‘Light Funnel
                                                                                                    Function’ and ExWavePRO for high sensitivity
                                                                                                    and are also capable of ‘Intelligent Motion
                                                                                                    Detection’. These features allow effective
                                                                                                    implementation on projects that may have
                                                                                                    very bright or dark environments, face
                                                                                                    identification, number plate recognition and
                                                                                                    other such applications.

                                                                                                    One of the issues with the IP surveillance market
                                                                                                    is lack of market education and lack of open
                                                                                                    standards. How do you tackle this issue?
                                                                                                    We invest a large portion of our resources
                                                                                                    towards market education and training
                                                                                                    on the IP video security technology .
                                                                                                    With regards to the issue of ‘lack of open
                                                                                                    standards’ a key event occurred during
                                                                                                    IFSEC ’08.Three leading vendors of
                                                                                                    network video products – Sony, Axis and
                                                                                                    Bosch – began working collaboratively to
                                                                                                    establish a global open interface standard.
                                                                                                    Open Network Video Interface Forum
                                                                                                    – ONVIF will be the governing body to
                                                                                                    formulate and communicate the industry
                                                                                                    standards. A standard interface will achieve
                                                                                                    interoperability between all different
                                                                                                    vendors’ products – allowing customers
                                                                                                    to “pick & mix” equipment from various
                                                                                                    companies and then simply “plug & play”.
Is Sony bullish about the surveillance market in   security market. The technology enables          This new standard will offer increased
the Middle East? Do you see a technology shift     a new set of applications which could be         flexibility to integrators and users of
from analogue to IP?                               delivered owing to greater visual clarity        network video equipment.
Yes, we are quite optimistic in our outlook        for surveillance. However, the end-user
towards this market. Clearly, with security        applications are still in the early stages and   What is Sony doing to boost partner expertise in
being on top of both public and private            it would take at least another year to check     network video solutions?
organizations there will be a greater focus        and confirm if the intended benefits come        We ensure that our channel partners are
on this technology for years to come.              through with acceptable trade-off on IP          have access to free technical training on a
Further, video surveillance has various            network bandwidth and processing power           regular basis as well as acquire professional
emerging applications for example for the          of the server.                                   guidance in key projects. Further, we are
retail and sports industry both of which                                                            putting in place a process of accreditation
are high growth areas in this region. With         Will mega pixel cameras be more expensive        for our channel. This requires the
regards to transition from analogue to IP          and what kind of applications do you see for     prospective dealer or system integrator
we’ve seen a big growth in demand for IP           this technology?                                 to comply with the specialist skill set and
cameras since ’06 and it will continue to          Yes, mega pixel will cost more as the            knowledge base as required to provide
rise. The market has adapted by making             technology required to build a mega pixel        video security solutions to end-users.
available hybrid products which support
both analogue as well as IP cameras, such
as Sony’s new Hybrid NSR-1000 series of
Network Surveillance Recorders.                        We ensure that our channel partners
What impact will have the new generation of            are have access to free technical
                                                       training on a regular basis as well as
megapixel technology have on the market and
enterprise networks?

                                                       acquire professional guidance in key
High Definition is the name of the game in
all current and future visual communication
technologies. We’ve seen HD wave
influencing all Consumer and Professional              projects. Further, we are putting in
electronic technologies across the globe.
Video Security has seen the beginnings                 place a process of accreditation for
of HD transition with the introduction
of ‘mega pixel’ IP cameras, specifically               our channel.
designed to meet the needs of the video



                                                                                                                                                        17
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
     Q&A


     THE DIGITAL WAVE
                                                                                                                  operators remains the same, the system’s overall
                                                                                                                  effectiveness increases.
                                                                                                                      With the rise of IP-based digital systems,
                                                                                                                  video surveillance has become another
                                                                                                                  application on the corporate network managed
                                                                                                                  by the IT department.

     IP video-surveillance systems offer features far more advanced than                                          Do IP based systems go beyond just monitoring? What

     what you can get from standard analogue CCTV. Simon Nash, Senior                                             new applications are emerging?
                                                                                                                  Yes, in fact many customers are using the
     European Marketing Manager, Network Video Monitoring, Sony                                                   counting capabilities of our cameras and

     Europe, talks about why these systems are becoming increasingly                                              management software. We are seeing an
                                                                                                                  increase of this being used for many other
     popular in the enterprise.                                                                                   applications outside of traditional security
                                                                                                                  applications.

                                                                                                                  What implications will video surveillance have on
                                                                                                                  enterprise networks as it becomes an application?
                                                                                                                  What do CIOs need to keep in mind while designing a
                                                                                                                  surveillance infrastructure?
                                                                                                                  With the increased popularity of the megapixel
                                                                                                                  cameras, this is having an impact on the
                                                                                                                  bandwidth requirements. It is important to
                                                                                                                  work with a manufacturer that has a heritage
                                                                                                                  in producing H.264 cameras. Sony has been
                                                                                                                  producing cameras with H.264 compression
                                                                                                                  since 2006. We now have eight cameras using
                                                                                                                  this algorithm.

                                                                                                                  Can video analytics help companies to draw
                                                                                                                  intelligence from their surveillance video?
                                                                                                                  Yes, intelligent video analysis is being used for
                                                                                                                  many other applications. For example, retail
                                                                                                                  owners are using IP cameras to not only provide
                                                                                                                  traditional security, but also heatmapping
                                                                                                                  functions to show hot spots in their stores.

                                                                                                                  Can you tell us more about Sony’s Distributed Enhanced
                                                                                                                  Processing Architecture?
                                                                                                                  Sony’s new IP based security architecture is
      Simon Nash, Senior                                                                                          a fundamental departure from today’s back
      European Marketing
      Manager, Network Video                                                                                      heavy, centralised processor systems. As its
      Monitoring, Sony Europe                                                                                     name suggests, DEPA distributes processing
                                                                                                                  power throughout the system to avoid
     Video surveillance has traditionally been a closed-      cameras’ role within an installation. The           the performance bottlenecks inherent to
     circuit analogue affair run by the physical security     system designer can create highly customised        previous designs. A DEPA system assigns
     staff. Now, what is driving the shift towards IP-based   installations where each camera is set to deliver   specific processing tasks appropriate to each
     digital systems?                                         a range of alarms to signal when various            separate component while sharing processing
     We are experiencing a rapid shift from existing          events occur so that operators can respond          power between like components. This opens
     analogue systems to IP. This is mainly due               appropriately. Such a fine tuned system with        new opportunities for system flexibility and
     to customers taking advantage of the latest              a high degree of filtering makes efficient use      scalability. Overall system costs are greatly
     intelligent video analysis. Current motion               of the operator’s attention. They do not have       reduced by closely integrating pre processing
     detection analysis can only alert operators              to watch multiple screens simultaneously, and       analysis and metadata generation in Sony, DEPA
     when and where to look at images, but are                images that are selected and presented are          enabled IP cameras, with back end processing
     unable to identify specific behaviours. With             looked at carefully. Intelligent video analysis     in network video recorders. In addition, the
     intelligent video analysis, a system can be              that makes better use of operator attention         front end analysis operates across all the
     tuned to send an alert based on highly specific          produces greater accuracy in monitoring with        cameras simultaneously. This significantly raises
     conditions appropriate to the individual                 faster response times. While the number of          the overall security capabilities.



18
CIOSURVIVALGUIDE
                                                                                                                                                  H.264

                                                                                                            Experts Group. We should note that MPEG
                                                                                                            compression techniques can also be used for
                                                                                                            video that is sent over non-IP networks like
                                                                                                            broadcast cable television systems.
                                                                                                                MPEG-4 Part 10 has also been
                                                                                                            incorporated into the latest ITU standards
                                                                                                            and this most recent standard is referred to
                                                                                                            as H.264 or Advanced Video Coding. MPEG-4
                                                                                                            provides a significant improvement in both
                                                                                                            picture quality and it doubles bandwidth
                                                                                                            efficiency when compared to MPEG-2, MPEG-
                                                                                                            4 Part 2, or H.263 techniques.



                                                                                    For video, the two most common
                                                                                    compression techniques—MPEG-2
                                                                                    and MPEG-4 were established the
                                                                                    Motion Picture Experts Group.
                                                                                                            H.264 explained
                                                                                                            In MPEG-4 compression, each frame is sub-
                                                                                                            divided into an Initial Video Object Plane (I-
                                                                                                            VOP), which contains all the anchor data, and




H.264 PRIMER
                                                                                                            several Predictive Video Object Planes
                                                                                                            (P-VOPs), which predict the difference
                                                                                                            between the current image and the previous
                                                                                                            VOP. H.264 works on the same principle, but
                                                                                                            adjusts its data capture for the P-VOPs in real-
                                                                                                            time, to focus more accurately on the area
                                                                                                            where movement has occurred. This achieves
                                                                                                            enhanced images whilst actually transmitting


How video over IP works
                                                                                                            significantly less data.

                                                                                                            Less bandwidth




V
                                                                                                            For network security users, H.264 offers all
          ideo encoding and session control is                                                              sorts of practical benefits. Using network
          more complex than techniques used       H.264 requires less bandwidth,                            cameras designed to work with H.264, you
          for voice because it must allow for     while delivering better picture quality                   will need less bandwidth. MPEG-4 requires
          a wider allowance of bandwidth, it                                                                approximately one-third of the bandwidth
must include protocols for presenting pictures    PSNR (dB)                         Video Parameters:       used by JPEG; H.264 requires just one-
on a multiple kinds of screens, and it must                                         -10 frames/s            fifth. That’s almost a 40% saving between
                                                                                    - QCIF
also include an audio component to allow for      40
                                                                                     (176x144 pixels)       standard MPEG-4 and H.264.
                                                                                    - 10 seconds of video
sound that accompanies the picture.                                                  (100 frames)
    In the voice world, the ITU-T has             38                                                        Reduced storage
established a series of standards including       36
                                                           H.264         MPEG-4       JPEG                  With better compression, your stored files
G.711, G.721, G.722, G.726, G.727, G.728,         35                                                        will take up much less room on your server,
and G.729. And once digitized and encoded,        34                                                        potentially saving significant sums in your
voice transmissions (or sessions) are typically   32                                                        network storage requirements.
controlled by H.323 or Session Initiation
Protocol, with SIP being the strategically        30                                                        Improved quality
controlled protocol.                              28                                                        Because the P-VOP elements of each frame
    For video, the two most common                                                     Bit rate (Kb/s)      are more accurate, H.264 will provide
compression techniques—MPEG-2 and                      0           100        200        300                better images with more detail. In security
MPEG-4 were established the Motion Picture                                                                  applications, this could make a real difference.



                                                                                                                                                               19
TECHNOLOGY AND EXHIBITION FORUM
Innovation is not necessarily about new inventions, but is more about finding beneficial applications. Recently
Network World Middle East in partnership with Sony Professional Solutions ME held the You & Sony an executive
technology and exhibition forum which showcased the latest B2B AV IT products and solutions for the workplace.
NWME’s Mark Cantalejo was there to capture this memorable event held at the Madinat Jumeirah in Dubai.



           (l to r) William
          Sarakikya, GM;
              A1 Outdoor,
          James Glosser
       vertical manager;
                  Emirates
        computers, Nick
             Deen; senior
                marketing
         Manager PDS &
       RTV, Sony Europe
              and Haneef
            Al Raisi, CEO;
          Raisani Media.




                                                    Philip Robinson, CIO; Sharjah Teaching Hospital   (l to r) Mohammad
                                                                                                      Shah, CTO; KEC,
                                                                                                      Saudi, Ashi Seth,
                                                                                                      director IT;American
                                                                                                      University of
                                                                                                      Sharjah, Nuno
                                                                                                      Martins, EMEA
                                                                                                      business manager;
                                                                                                      Sony Professional
                                                                                                      Solutions and
                                                                                                      Hazem Awni Jarrar,
                                                                                                      IT Manager, King
                                                                                                      Faisal Foundation.
Delegates at the
                                                                           Sony Technology
                                                                           Forum listening
                                                                           to Masahiro Soga,
                                                                           senior GM,B2B
                                                                           Solutions Group,
                                                                           Sony deliver his
                                                                           keynote address.




                                                  Delegates listen in to
                                                  one of the executive
                                                  panel discussions.




(l to r) Dr Mustafa Qurban, IT director; King
Fahd Military Medical Complex, Hatta Michihiro,
product marketing; Sony Professional Solution
and Alexandra Tarazi; IT director; Dubai
Healthcare City.




                                                  A delegate gets first
                                                  hand information
                                                  on Sony’s healthcare
                                                  solutions offerings.




                                                                              Attendees listen in
                                                                              at the Sony Digital
                                                                              Signage stand.
Masahiro Soga,
       senior GM; B2B
     Solutions Group,
          Sony, shares
    insights on Sony’s
        B2B solutions.




                                                  (l to r) GV Rao, GM, ICT; Pearl Qatar, Raghavan
                                                  Selvamani, Group information Security Officer; Noor
                                                  Investment Group and Dr Abdulrahman Al Shenaifi,
                                                  Sr Advisor, IT & Security, Saudi Interior Ministry


                             (from left)
                             Mohammed Khatib,
                             director IT; Amman
                             Stock Exchange and
                             Bharat Raigangar,
                             CSO, Royal Bank of
                             Scotland.




   Executives listen in
    while Simon Nash,
      senior European
  marketing manager;
  Video Security, Sony
Professional Solutions,
    shares views on IP
surveillance solutions.

                                                  (l to r) Simon Nash, senior European
                                                  marketing manager; Video Security,
                                                  Sony Professional Solutions, UV Kumar,
                                                  CIO; Doha Bank and Mohammed Khatib,
                                                  director IT; Amman Stock Exchange.



                          The Sony 3D
                          TelePresence
                          conference room
Sony and ‘IPELA’ are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan.
Give him the best
tools for the job
Talk to Sony.




www.sonybiz.net/nvm

Intelligent video analysis… Security for a modern world.
The Sony range of Network Video Monitoring solutions brings together the best cameras, recorders
and management software to support your security staff in delivering an immediate response to
your security needs.
To find out more please contact magesh.srinivasan@eu.sony.com OR call +971506240081
ExwavePRO | Light Funnel | 1.3 Megapixel | Intelligent Motion Detection




                                                                                          © 2008 Sony Corporation. Sony and IPELA are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan.
                                                                                                                                         © 2008 Sony Corporation. Sony and IPELA are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan.



Introducing the new range of Megapixel cameras from Sony.

Designed for security, Sony Megapixel cameras combine 1.3 Megapixel resolution with
new ExwavePRO CCD, Light Funnel with colour filters and Intelligent Motion Detection to
deliver high picture quality in even the most difficult lighting conditions.

Introduce a new level of intelligence and clarity to your business – Go Mega with Sony.




Designed for Security

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CIO Survival Guide -Sony Handbook to Video Surveillance Jan09

  • 1. V I D E O A N A LY T I C S | BUYER’S TIPS | H.264 CIOSURVIVALGUIDE JANUARY 2009 HANDBOOK TO VIDEO SURVEILLANCE A special supplement with MIDDLE EAST IN CO-OPERATION WITH DIGITAL EYES The definitive guide to video surveillance
  • 2. How do you make a Sony and ‘IPELA’ are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan. suspect bag stand out from the crowd? Talk to Sony about Intelligent Object Detection. www.sonybiz.net/nvm Intelligent video analysis… Security for a modern world. The Sony range of Network Video Monitoring solutions brings together the best cameras, recorders and management software to support your security staff in delivering an immediate response to your security needs. To find out more please contact magesh.srinivasan@eu.sony.com OR call +971506240081
  • 3. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE HANDBOOK TO UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS C-EYE-O requires at least one employee. Digital video also beats tape in terms of storage and retrieval. Tape-based systems can require a full-time employee just for retrieval. But the key to IP-based video surveillance’s appeal is the ever- expanding roster of applications being attached to it. In other words, surveillance isn’t just about security anymore. For example, in retail stores, video surveillance is being used for measuring foot traffic through a store to V understand both peak traffic times and ideo surveillance is at the proving ROI on digital surveillance may also shoppers’ browsing habits, which front end of an astonishing not be as hard as you think either. The in turn allows them to better configure transformation. Once a world post-9/11 obsession with security created merchandise around the store. Of course of clunky cameras and closed- this surge in surveillance investment, but the surveillance is used for security as circuit coaxial networks hardwired into a what’s sustaining it is that digital video well, but it’s also being utilized to train room full of cloudy gray 5-inch screens, surveillance appears to be living up to its new employees. surveillance is rapidly becoming a land hype. And, when done well, it provides Training, in fact, has become a possible of sleek, intelligent cameras linked to real ROI for the business. First off, it allows killer applet for video surveillance, due software applications running on the IP for consolidation of monitoring: You can in large part to the increased quality of network. Some of these applications are watch many geographically disperse the images. Video of cashiers at a grocery basic, such as motion detection setting off sites from one control room--something store doing their jobs correctly (and alarms. Some are clever, such as a grocery that was impossible with closed-circuit incorrectly) is edited into video packages store system where cameras at systems. An even bigger benefit of digital that train new hires. Still others are using the checkout counter are linked to the is that central control and monitoring cameras to improve logistics, assembling receipt tape. allows you to put cameras at smaller trains at humpyards (where the rail cars Though CCTV still composes almost sites and monitor them from the central come off boats and trucks), for example, half the overall video surveillance market, operations center. With CCTV, you’d or monitoring assembly lines for quality its share is rapidly swindling with a surge require a closed system at that smaller control. Suddenly, surveillance is a in IP-based digital video systems. And site and onsite monitoring, which itself business enabler, not just barbed wire. CEO and Publisher Dominic De Sousa Published by Regional partner of Managing Director Amit Pateria and Associate Publisher Managing Editor Kavitha Rajasekhar Vivek and Associate Publisher Editor Jeevan Thankappan Chief Designer Denis Fuentes © Copyright 2009 CPI. Designers Mark Cantalejo, Analou Balbero All rights reserved. While the publishers have made every Sales Director Sreejith Nambiar effort to ensure the accuracy of all IT Manager Nadeem Hood information in this magazine, they Webmasters Tristan Troy Maagma, Head Office will not be held responsible for any Elizabeth Reyes PO Box 13700 errors therein. Production James P. Tharian Dubai, UAE Subscription subscribe@cpidubai.com Tel: +971 4 3515316 Marketing Manager David Johnshaju Fax: +971 4 3598486 Web: www.cpidubai.com 3
  • 4. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE BUYERS’ GUIDE A BUYERS’ GUIDE TO IP SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS IP network-based surveillance cameras offer enticing possibilities. But do you want full or partial IP? How much bandwidth? We’ll walk you through the entire process. N etwork cameras for IP-based that convert the analog signal to one that video surveillance systems can run over IP. These systems work well have been around since 1996. but are not architected for growth. Full These are attached directly to IP installations are more streamlined and the network and send video to a network efficient and require less maintenance. Do’s and Don’ts video recorder or to a server equipped with They’re digital from one end to another and video management software, which stores, are very reliable because there are fewer DON’T let cost be your guiding light. Most displays or broadcasts the images. It will be moving parts. people buy cameras with cost as their highest another five years, according to consultancy Second, consider if there is enough priority and effectiveness as the second, which results in grainy, out-of-focus images. There and research firm Gartner, before the market bandwidth on the corporate backbone. are tools available that help you choose the favors IP over analog. However, IP cameras Because IP-based surveillance places resolution and lens that fits your needs, based are considered a fast-growing market; new demands on existing network on factors like distance and camera height. according to IMS Research, the global infrastructures, the physical security network video market grew 42 percent last department has to work with IT to DON’T think small when upgrading from year and is expected to reach $2.6 billion implement or even choose the best system, analog/DVR systems. by 2010. which means overcoming a traditional Experts say the reasons for analog’s barrier between the two groups. The best DO understand the trade-offs to high- continued dominance center mainly decisions on network design will be made quality images. Favor a crisper image over around upgrade costs and a general lack of jointly between the two groups, says Jeff smooth motion. knowledge about networking technologies Vining, research vice president at Gartner. in many physical security departments. For instance, because streaming live video DO consider the benefits of centralizing is bandwidth-intensive, it can be too costly video surveillance. Two Key Decisions to upgrade networks or too difficult to use When looking at your options, the first thing in situations where there are many users. DON’T assume everything is mix and you need to consider is whether you should To optimize bandwidth, you may need to match. While many network cameras claim use full or partial IP. You can still get some of use application delivery controllers and/or compatibility with many vendors’ video the advantages of IP while maintaining your wide-area-network optimization controllers, management software, some management investment in analog by using encoders he says. software is more open than others. 4
  • 5. Because IP-based surveillance places new demands on existing network infrastructures, the physical security department has to work with IT to implement or even camera with adjustable lenses to control the amount of light that is received. This is choose the best system, which means overcoming a especially important, Vining says, when a traditional barrier between the two groups camera is facing east or west. However, he says, some organizations will simply elevate camera mounts and then angle downward Evaluation Criteria needed context. “You need to use that to view the horizon rather than incur the The range of features available on network selectively,” he says. additional costs of adjustable lenses. cameras is constantly changing, but here Power source: The state-of-the-art Open platforms: Look for vendors are some basic things to look for, according approach for network cameras is to use that comply 100 percent with industry to analysts. power over Ethernet (POE), which means standards, such as in the areas of Field of view: According to Vining, most you power the camera through the same security and video compression, Gartner applications call for a 240-degree field of wire that sends the IP signal, resulting in recommends. Also look for open application view and a zoom capability of 500 feet. For significant cost savings. POE is not always programming interfaces and multiple those who need more, there are pan/tilt/ available on PTZ cameras, however, because supported software applications. zoom (PTZ) cameras, which can provide of the amount of power they consume. Also Scalability: Companies with large 360-degree views. These can cost more than ensure that the POE feature complies with installations will want the equipment to be twice as much as fixed cameras, Vining says, the IEEE 802.3af standard so it’s compatible compatible with tools that locate, update and normally require more maintenance with network switches from leading and monitor the status of the devices and because of their moving parts. vendors. their IP addresses. Bandwidth: It’s a huge issue, especially as Resolution: Many users are moving toward Service/support: Make sure the vendor demand grows for more cameras on the megapixel cameras, which offer five times or reseller is able to send replacement network and higher-resolution images. You the resolution of video graphics array (VGA) parts quickly and can readily offer can reduce bandwidth consumption by cameras. Not only do you get a clearer engineering support. Many network camera putting intelligence into the camera, says image, but because of the higher resolution, manufacturers sell indirectly through Simon Harris, senior analyst at IMS Research, you can also reduce the number of cameras channel partners, which is common in the so, for instance, only certain images are you need. IT industry but not in the security industry. forwarded. However, that means you’re Auto filtering: For image clarity in various This takes some getting used to among not recording nonevents that may supply lighting situations, it’s important to get a traditional security personnel. 5
  • 6. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE VIDEO ANALYTICS AVOIDING COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT VIDEO ANALYTICS Video content analysis (AKA video analytics) is getting better all the time, but it’s still new enough that buyers should proceed with eyes wide open V ideo analytics is one of those hot MYTH ONE: Video analytics can replace technologies that gets people or surpass human performance. When excited. The ability to use artificial confronted with an unlikely claim about intelligence-based technology to video analytics, a good rule of thumb is to “watch” video, extract useful information ask the following question: could a person and create alerts holds much promise for watching the video perform the same security and surveillance applications. task? If the answer is no, then it is unlikely In fact, the technology can appear so that video analytics can do it either. Even cutting-edge that it often sounds more if the answer is yes, it is still possible that like science fiction than reality. And, the abilities of video analytics will be unfortunately, the excitement around stretched -- remember, humans have been the technology has led to a marketplace interpreting visual images for about 5 where the line between fiction and reality million years. Computers have only been has blurred. For instance, one common at it for about 40 years. myth about video analytics is that it can spot a terrorist in a stadium full of THE TRUTH: In most operational people -- something even the human environments, good analytics software eye can’t detect. Or it can automatically can be configured to be as capable as a “see” a person cheating at a black jack human observer at detecting important table, while highly trained surveillance events such as cars parking illegally, personnel cannot. This article covers the people climbing over fences, people five biggest myths of video analytics entering restricted areas, and so on. This technology and practice, and examines event discrimination ability makes the the true state-of-the-art. technology a significant improvement 6
  • 7. over other sensing technologies such most realistic operational scenarios, as buried cables, microwave detectors, there will be many false alarms caused by and taut-wire fencing. The real value of extraneous motion and the inability of video analytics, though, is that casts an VMD to distinguish between any motion unblinking eye over the scene -- in this and a real event of interest. sense, it is a dramatic improvement over human performance THE TRUTH: Like any product, there are varying design specifications behind MYTH TWO: Video analytics can improve each video analytics application. Don’t bad CCTV infrastructure. Most CCTV be fooled into thinking that a technology systems aren’t designed with video for counting people in a retail setting analytics in mind -- in fact, many are will work for perimeter protection or vice designed without human operators in versa. Analytics products often make mind. Cameras are often low quality; views assumptions about camera orientation, are obstructed by natural or man-made distance to objects, numbers and types of obstacles such as trees and buildings; and objects, indoor vs. outdoor environments, scenes are often poorly illuminated at illumination and many other factors that night. Analytics is no “magic bullet” that can affect performance. Make sure that can see through walls or turn night into whichever products and technologies day. If the camera doesn’t have a clear you choose are appropriate for your unobstructed view of the area of interest, operational environment and your analytics will struggle to add value. particular mission. THE TRUTH: The performance of analytics MYTH FOUR: Video analytics (or the systems is generally very acceptable in necessary hardware) is not cost effective. well-designed operating environments. If Historically, video analytics solutions have there are enough pixels and appropriate required a serious capital outlay to get Analytics products often make assumptions about camera orientation, distance to objects, numbers and types of objects, indoor vs. outdoor environments, illumination and many other factors that can affect performance. illumination to view an unobstructed area up and running. Per-camera license costs of interest, detection rates are usually used to be very high; systems required very good. Most reputable manufacturers large PC infrastructure footprints; and claim detection rates (in ideal conditions) of deployment, maintenance, and training over 90% with very acceptable false alarm costs were a constant financial question. rates -- as low as 1 per week per camera or In some cases this is still true! This is a even better. very large expense for system that isn’t going to replace a human guard-force any MYTH THREE: Video analytics are time soon. “one size fits all”. Customers often have trouble in the field when an analytics THE TRUTH: Video analytics technology, technology is taken outside of its comfort as it has matured in the marketplace, zone. There are many different video has become more of a value-added analytics products that are designed to component of CCTV infrastructure rather do many different jobs in many different than a stand-alone enterprise software operational environments. Many vendors solution. Today, it is possible to purchase are even selling Video Motion Detection true intelligent analytics capabilities as (VMD) as intelligent video analytics. In a a feature of main-stream CCTV hardware largely unchanging, indoor environment, components such as: cameras; IP video VMD might provide some value but in encoders; IP routers; and DVRs, NVRs, and 7
  • 8. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE VIDEO ANALYTICS Analytics features do add a premium to the prices of these devices but the price-tag is significantly lower than a stand-alone PC-based solution. Furthermore, more sophisticated customers of analytics have seen more value in analytics than simply replacing a guard-force. MYTH FIVE: Video analytics is over- hyped. It seems that there is a new video analytics vendor hawking their wares every week. Every video analytics application is the best on the market: the most robust; with fewest false alarms; also easiest to use; and operating in the widest variety of environments; oh, and it costs almost nothing to own. With all the market noise, it is difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff of even figure out if there is any wheat at all! THE TRUTH: Like any competitive market with new and exciting technology, there will be outrageous claims made by some less-than-scrupulous vendors. But this doesn’t mean that everything is hype. We’re all familiar with used car salespeople and yet there are a great many good quality used cars out there. Be suspicious of a vendor who answers “yes” to every question. Look for reputable video management platforms. Analytics are now reaping value from analytics vendors with proven track records. They features do add a premium to the prices by making their people, processes and will help guide you through the process of of these devices but the price-tag is infrastructure more cost-effective. This evaluating and deploying video analytics. significantly lower than a stand-alone is being done by using analytics to They will help set expectations and work PC-based solution. Furthermore, more help optimize bandwidth and storage with integrators to ensure that CCTV sophisticated customers of analytics of network video systems; or by using infrastructure will be appropriate to make have seen more value in analytics than analytics to make forensic investigations your mission and your experience with simply replacing a guard-force. Customers faster and more personnel-efficient. analytics as successful as possible. 8
  • 9. help me accomplish that I can’t accomplish any other way? Could analytics allow you to reduce your security guard force? Could it let you monitor a site remotely and save money on gasoline? Could it help manage all the video information you’re collecting or let you conduct investigations more efficiently? Prices have come down, but the technology is still expensive. One way vendors are dealing with this is by moving to packaged models, with groups of algorithms targeted at specific industries. TIP 3 - Think About Whether On-the- Edge Analytics Makes Sense for You Another key decision is whether you want to have content analysis performed “on the edge”—that is, on digital video cameras or encoders, rather than on servers or DVRs. Analysts say this is where the industry is heading, but right now you still have a lot of options. The advantage of on-the-edge analytics is that content analysis can be performed when the video is of its highest quality, before it is compressed to be sent over the network and stored. A traditional, centralized model, however, provides more flexibility. One DVR or server can do analytics on more than one camera feed, which means that capabilities can be directed and redirected based on the needs of the minute. Which direction to go, says Frost & Sullivan research analyst Dilip Sarangan, depends largely on your organization’s LOOK SMART network capabilities and what the IT department is willing to put on the network, since video traffic tends to be a bandwidth hog. The decision may influence which vendors you want to consider. Some vendors, such as Cernium, focus on centralized tools, while others V such as Ioimage focus on on-the-edge ideo analytics has come a long intrusion detection, entry through an setups. A lot of vendors, however, do sell way from the hyped-up, gee-whiz exit and so on. Some of the analytics both. technology of a few years ago that companies are still focused on only the promised way more than it could software. TIP 4 - Test, Test, Test, deliver. The good news is, the technology Before You Write the Check has improved enough that organizations, TIP 2 - Start With Your Business Need Once you identify your business need slowly but surely, are finding that analytics – Then Select the Technology and narrow down the field, it’s time to tools can help them make sense of all the The latest video analytics tools claim to start testing. Video analytics technology video they are collecting and even find an do very sophisticated activities, from is able to deliver on more of its promises ROI—but only if they are careful shoppers. identifying loiterers to detecting vandalism than it could a few years ago. Even Here’s what to know before you begin. to monitoring crowds for dropped today, however, the technology must be baggage. When evaluating your options, configured correctly, and it may not work TIP 1 - Understand the Marketplace you may be tempted to get carried away. at all in certain situations. Fortunately, Once, video analytics was largely a Don’t. Always start with the business need, vendors may be willing to let you try out software business, with applications then see if there is technology that could the hardware or software for a month or residing on central servers or digital video fill it—not the other way around. two before you actually write any checks. recorders. These applications were (and It’s like every other decision. What is the Insist on it. still are) based on algorithms that monitor return on investment, what is the value it for specific events—motion detection, can bring my organization, and what can it 9
  • 10. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE IP VIDEO MANAGING IP VIDEO ON THE NETWORK The growing popularity of video surveillance is fuelled by the shift to IP video systems that are less expensive than traditional analogue systems and make it easier to add or relocate cameras and multicast video signals to multiple locations. 10
  • 11. Video-recording management software also can act as a traffic cop — helping distribute video in 1GB blocks across various iSCSI disk arrays on the network. This allows for higher storage limits for cameras that are capturing video in sensitive or high-traffic areas where alarms are frequent. Video content analysis (VCA) embedded Consider a university with 20 buildings in an IP encoder — the device that and 25 cameras per building. Each translates analogue camera signals into camera is recording high-quality video at digital — also can reduce the amount 2.8Mbps per camera for 90 days. With an of traffic sent across the network. With NVR solution, the university would need VCA at the edge, it is possible to only 1,500TB of storage and 40 NVRs spread transmit video that generates an alarm over each location. With direct-to-iSCSI due to a security concern — such as a recording, the 40 NVR PCs are not required. person loitering, theft of an object or an Multiple cameras can share the object left behind in a scene. By selecting direct-to-iSCSI RAIDs on a local recording specific portions of video to forward, VCA network, keeping the recording load off diminishes the amount of bandwidth the main local or wide-area network. required for surveillance but enables Video traverses the backbone only when all camera channels to be monitored personnel need to review stored video. effectively. When this occurs, the video can be shared Of course, storing all of that IP video and searched by anyone with the proper represents a challenge. A 200GB hard network access. drive can store approximately two weeks This approach also means that of video data, depending on the quality enterprises do not lose recorded video of video. For some industries, such due to network outages or NVR server as correctional facilities and gaming, hardware or software failure. regulations require that recorded video is Video-recording management software stored for a longer period of time — up to also can act as a traffic cop — helping Y 30 days or even a year in some states. distribute video in 1GB blocks across et, every system is limited by Enterprises can reduce storage costs various iSCSI disk arrays on the network. two finite resources: network by improving and optimizing how the This allows for higher storage limits for bandwidth and disk space. available storage is shared among cameras. cameras that are capturing video in A 100Mbps network The traditional storage approach uses sensitive or high-traffic areas where alarms connection can support nearly 85 network video recorders (NVRs), which are frequent. cameras producing 10-15KB images per are PC servers that act as gateways to Also, if one disk array fails, the second (about 1Mbps each), but the directly attached SCSI RAID storage or recording-management software will network will be running at 100 percent storage-area network storage. By moving simply redirect video to a backup device. utilization. Whether the IP video system the intelligence to the edge, it is possible That results in better disk utilization, better is on the existing IT network or a parallel to configure an IP camera or IP encoder to load balancing and greater reliability. This network, enterprises need to set a realistic stream directly to an iSCSI RAID, bypassing architecture is also simpler, with fewer bandwidth target and then determine how the NVR and the associated capital and items that can fail, and less hardware and many cameras can be supported by their ongoing costs. software for IT personnel to manage. infrastructure The difference in this architecture Among enterprises, there is no doubt To ensure efficient bandwidth usage, is particularly noticeable in dispersed that the use of video surveillance is security integrators can help design fluid systems where the WAN lacks the growing, making it important that IT systems that adjust to accommodate traffic bandwidth for centralized recording. managers understand the methods to surges. For example, frame rates can be Instead of installing NVRs in each building, eliminate issues that can cause network reduced temporarily while the sharpness which can be a maintenance nightmare, congestion and failure. Recording video at of each image is maintained, or the same enterprises can install storage that is the edge is a simple and common practice number of frames can be recorded at a directly attached to IP cameras or to IP that can make IP video surveillance systems lower resolution. encoders. easier to manage and more cost-effective. 11
  • 12. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE FEATURE HOW TO BUILD A SURVEILLANCE CAMERA SYSTEM TIPS TO GET YOU STARTED ON THE RIGHT ROAD STEP 1: Determine your cameras’ raison d’être. STEP 3: Get smart on camera technologies. Going mega From this you’ll be able to decide just Determine the effect of new technologies about everything else. Be on demand, on operations, training, maintenance and Network cameras are reaping the benefits because you can’t watch the cameras all staffing. Determine how clear you need of the megapixel revolution, a major the time. You should be able to call up the picture to be (as opposed to how benefit that cannot be achieved by their the camera with the best coverage to clear you want it to be). This will have an analogue counterparts. The new generation monitor situations if and when incidents impact on costs. Here are some of your of megapixel cameras provide enhanced occur. Allow for targeted “smart” cameras choices: clarity and practical intelligence into any for high-risk areas, so that camers will FRAME RATE. The more frames per security or surveillance operation. From trigger alarms when something begins to second (fps) you choose, the more airports, stadiums and shopping malls, to happen. network capacity each camera will require corporate, banking car parks and public and the more data storage you’ll need. spaces, the megapixel resolution will extend STEP 2: RESOLUTION. Similar to frame rate, your capability to protect people, property, but this is not a motion issue; rather, it’s products and services. With 1.3 megapixel Take an inventory. a clarity issue. The clearer your picture, resolution, this new generation of cameras If you have cameras already, survey what the more pixels it will have, the larger the can deliver sharp and vivid images, at even wide viewing angles, ideal for forensic details departments own them, what they are file will be and the more bandwidth it will in security applications like building entrances for, how they are monitored and what consume. and car parks, the megapixel range gives you format they use, then decide if any of COMPRESSION. There are several the level of identification detail you need these cameras can be folded into your standard commercial compression without creating over-large files causing new system. algorithms, but the most common, for bandwidth problems. 12
  • 13. 13
  • 14. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE FEATURE all the right reasons, is MPEG-4. You can add a commercial compression package to your MPEG-4 to further reduce your At some point you’ll want to storage needs. STORAGE DURATION. Thirty days of convert your images to digital storage is the unofficial standard. This to take advantage of its easier gives enough time, without overdoing it, to learn of an incident before the data is storage and better retrieve and lost. When you get an event of interest, you should plan on dropping that file search capabilities. onto a DVD and storing it indefinitely or at least until all criminal and civil DIGITAL VS. ANALOGUE. At some proceedings are concluded, including point you’ll want to convert your images appeals. You can also send events of to digital to take advantage of its easier interest to a separate server for indefinite storage and better retrieve and search storage. capabilities. But analog images can travel STORAGE SIZE. A single digital farther from the camera, so cable runs camera running 24 hours at just 5 fps, will impact your choices. A consultant can using MPEG-4 at Quarter CIF resolution, advise you on the best route to go. creates 11GB of information. A 500- PAN TILT ZOOM (PTZ). There are camera system, not at all uncommon for two ways to do this. The old-fashioned corporate buildings and campuses, will way, which still works really well, is to generate 165 terabytes every month. So physically move the camera and change it’s easy to see why keeping pedestrian its focus whenever you want to get a images beyond 30 days is economically close-up. Dome cameras have a dark foolhardy. And remember, this is with bubble over the camera to mask where cameras running on spare frame rates it is pointed at any given time. Make sure and resolutions. Full motion video (30 each PTZ has a default “park” position fps) will create 990 terabytes, almost a that gives you an optimal view and focal petabyte, of data. If you also go to full CIF, length. It is easy to forget to do this and multiply that by four, and you’re talking leave a PTZ where it was last focused; this a few petabytes a month! Stay on top of will likely not give you the best coverage the contractors and consultants so that when nothing special is happening. The they stick to the original engineering other (more costly) way to do PTZ is discussions, or they could easily overdo digitally, within the image itself. This will your system. Mission creep can be require megapixel images. Zooming in on, expensive. And remember, it’s not just say, a license plate, will fuzz out the image storage but also bandwidth you have illegibly if you don’t start with sufficient to consider. pixel density in your camera platform. 5 ROI rules of thumb ROI rules of thumb when you’re building your case for the upgrade: positive ROI. Linking video surveillance to access and safety, especially, could *Digital video surveillance scales well. possibly allow you to lower insurance The larger your planned installation, the premiums, but also to facilitate response You’re likely dealing with a CEO and CFO more remote sites you plan to monitor times to crises large and small. who want to know why they should from a central control room, the more *Cross-threading applications and invest in Escalade-like networked efficiency you can create and the faster systems allows you to share the cost digital video when they’ve already got your return will come. burden with other departments. a perfectly fine Chevy CCTV system. *Cost calculations favor digital video *The more things a digital video That is, you need to demonstrate video over closed systems. The economics of surveillance system does, the higher surveillance ROI. storage favour standard IT infrastructure the ROI. What software applications, It’s impossible to create a generic over closed systems such as DVRs. The or even business activities, exist to return case for video surveillance equipment functions better with less extend the usefulness of the surveillance because, while its applications overlap, repair. It’s also easier to expand on. infrastructure? Training? Marketing? Find they are also unmanageably varied. Still *Integration with other systems will all the ones that are realistic for you and having said that, we can descry some cost more up front but will also facilitate attach a value to them. 14
  • 15. STEP 4: Wrestle a few more issues to the ground. MONITORING. This is a contentious issue. The public may expect that cameras are monitored all the time, but it’s neither practical nor possible. The best you can do is put your high- priority camera images up in your command center for occasional viewing. Even better: Use analytics software to pinpoint an event of interest and call it up with an audible alarm. DECOYS. It may be tempting to use dummy camera domes to suggest you have surveillance, this will give your public a false sense of security. Most competent programs avoid their use, except in specific circumstances and then only in concert with live cameras. STAFFING. It’s unrealistic to expect to be given additional staff to monitor a new suite of cameras, and it’s equally unrealistic to expect to get different people than the ones you have now. For these reasons, you will want to choose a system that has a simple GUI (graphical user interface), provides out-of-service alarms for cameras and encoders, is low- maintenance and has high mean times between failures. Surveillance software revenue to quadruple by 2013 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. If your I cameras can view geography off your n a new study that has of the more disturbing uses is camera can recognize his face property, consult with your software potentially Orwellian the ability of store marketing and send out an alert. Casinos provider to mask out these areas. This implications, ABI Research departments to actually monitor are already deploying this sort is especially important if you have projects that revenue for the eyeball movements of of face recognition software to line of sight to residential properties. video surveillance software customers to figure out what monitor their employees, Schatt Supervision and the application of swift will quadruple over the next products or displays draw their says, and using it to detect when discipline are very important to avoid five years. According to ABI Vice attention. certain employees enter into President and Research Director “When stores have the unauthorized areas and alerting inappropriate use. Stan Schatt, revenue generated ability to observe you as you the security team. TRAINING. The more complex your from surveillance software will walk through a store, what I can Schatt believes that as system, the more training the staff will increase to more than $900 imagine is that more and more more surveillance equipment need. This takes good time management million in 2013, up from current stores will try to basically have becomes increasingly digitized because unless you have a full shift to go revenues of $245 million. a pretty in-depth knowledge of and software-reliant, it will on training rotation, you will be doing Schatt says there are several their customers,” he says. “So let’s increasingly move into the training on overtime. big drivers for this increase, say for instance the store issues purview of IT departments. MAINTENANCE. Include in your including increased spending you a discount card that also has a And because the surveillance maintenance contract a service-level on security systems by the radio frequency ID that identifies software vastly broadens the government, on theft prevention who you are. And then let’s say extent to which companies and agreement that guarantees your high- systems by retail outlets and they observe you looking at, but governments can watch people, priority cameras are fixed promptly. on surveillance by market not actually purchasing, movies it will inevitably create privacy Be sure it requires an adequate stock researchers. Additionally, he in the adult video section. Well, concerns that will have to be of onsite replacement cameras and says that the advent of Wi-Fi has the next thing you know you’re addressed. network encoders and other peripheral made it possible to place wireless getting all these promotional “Down the road our devices so that the most important cameras just about anywhere materials for racy movies you’re behaviour is going to cameras can be restored to service while still sending footage back not even interested in.” be observed much more quickly. Your system should open a to a central location. Schatt also notes that more frequently, and that has all trouble ticket immediately upon device Looking at the broader and more banks are looking kind of implications,” he says. failure, and you will want to review the picture, Schatt says that into installing cameras with “I mean, the fact that they’re technological advances are face recognition ability to help actually looking at your eyeball system’s performance monthly to ensure also increasing the scope and prevent robberies before they movements shows we’ve you are up to speed on how reliable it the potential uses of video even occur. Thus, when a known reached a whole new realm of is and which parts are giving you the surveillance. He says that one bank robber enters a bank, the surveillance capabilities.” most trouble. 15
  • 16. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE Q&A POISED FOR GROWTH Sony is at the forefront of the digital surveillance revolution, offering a wide ranging portfolio of products and solutions. Magesh Srinivasan, Marketing Manager, Sony Professional Solutions Middle East, encapsulates some of the key trends in the regional market. 16
  • 17. camera is expensive, over time ’economies Magesh Srinivasan, Marketing Manager, Sony Professional of scale’ should bring down the end-user Solutions Middle East price. Sony’s range of mini-dome and box cameras are equipped with ‘Light Funnel Function’ and ExWavePRO for high sensitivity and are also capable of ‘Intelligent Motion Detection’. These features allow effective implementation on projects that may have very bright or dark environments, face identification, number plate recognition and other such applications. One of the issues with the IP surveillance market is lack of market education and lack of open standards. How do you tackle this issue? We invest a large portion of our resources towards market education and training on the IP video security technology . With regards to the issue of ‘lack of open standards’ a key event occurred during IFSEC ’08.Three leading vendors of network video products – Sony, Axis and Bosch – began working collaboratively to establish a global open interface standard. Open Network Video Interface Forum – ONVIF will be the governing body to formulate and communicate the industry standards. A standard interface will achieve interoperability between all different vendors’ products – allowing customers to “pick & mix” equipment from various companies and then simply “plug & play”. Is Sony bullish about the surveillance market in security market. The technology enables This new standard will offer increased the Middle East? Do you see a technology shift a new set of applications which could be flexibility to integrators and users of from analogue to IP? delivered owing to greater visual clarity network video equipment. Yes, we are quite optimistic in our outlook for surveillance. However, the end-user towards this market. Clearly, with security applications are still in the early stages and What is Sony doing to boost partner expertise in being on top of both public and private it would take at least another year to check network video solutions? organizations there will be a greater focus and confirm if the intended benefits come We ensure that our channel partners are on this technology for years to come. through with acceptable trade-off on IP have access to free technical training on a Further, video surveillance has various network bandwidth and processing power regular basis as well as acquire professional emerging applications for example for the of the server. guidance in key projects. Further, we are retail and sports industry both of which putting in place a process of accreditation are high growth areas in this region. With Will mega pixel cameras be more expensive for our channel. This requires the regards to transition from analogue to IP and what kind of applications do you see for prospective dealer or system integrator we’ve seen a big growth in demand for IP this technology? to comply with the specialist skill set and cameras since ’06 and it will continue to Yes, mega pixel will cost more as the knowledge base as required to provide rise. The market has adapted by making technology required to build a mega pixel video security solutions to end-users. available hybrid products which support both analogue as well as IP cameras, such as Sony’s new Hybrid NSR-1000 series of Network Surveillance Recorders. We ensure that our channel partners What impact will have the new generation of are have access to free technical training on a regular basis as well as megapixel technology have on the market and enterprise networks? acquire professional guidance in key High Definition is the name of the game in all current and future visual communication technologies. We’ve seen HD wave influencing all Consumer and Professional projects. Further, we are putting in electronic technologies across the globe. Video Security has seen the beginnings place a process of accreditation for of HD transition with the introduction of ‘mega pixel’ IP cameras, specifically our channel. designed to meet the needs of the video 17
  • 18. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE Q&A THE DIGITAL WAVE operators remains the same, the system’s overall effectiveness increases. With the rise of IP-based digital systems, video surveillance has become another application on the corporate network managed by the IT department. IP video-surveillance systems offer features far more advanced than Do IP based systems go beyond just monitoring? What what you can get from standard analogue CCTV. Simon Nash, Senior new applications are emerging? Yes, in fact many customers are using the European Marketing Manager, Network Video Monitoring, Sony counting capabilities of our cameras and Europe, talks about why these systems are becoming increasingly management software. We are seeing an increase of this being used for many other popular in the enterprise. applications outside of traditional security applications. What implications will video surveillance have on enterprise networks as it becomes an application? What do CIOs need to keep in mind while designing a surveillance infrastructure? With the increased popularity of the megapixel cameras, this is having an impact on the bandwidth requirements. It is important to work with a manufacturer that has a heritage in producing H.264 cameras. Sony has been producing cameras with H.264 compression since 2006. We now have eight cameras using this algorithm. Can video analytics help companies to draw intelligence from their surveillance video? Yes, intelligent video analysis is being used for many other applications. For example, retail owners are using IP cameras to not only provide traditional security, but also heatmapping functions to show hot spots in their stores. Can you tell us more about Sony’s Distributed Enhanced Processing Architecture? Sony’s new IP based security architecture is Simon Nash, Senior a fundamental departure from today’s back European Marketing Manager, Network Video heavy, centralised processor systems. As its Monitoring, Sony Europe name suggests, DEPA distributes processing power throughout the system to avoid Video surveillance has traditionally been a closed- cameras’ role within an installation. The the performance bottlenecks inherent to circuit analogue affair run by the physical security system designer can create highly customised previous designs. A DEPA system assigns staff. Now, what is driving the shift towards IP-based installations where each camera is set to deliver specific processing tasks appropriate to each digital systems? a range of alarms to signal when various separate component while sharing processing We are experiencing a rapid shift from existing events occur so that operators can respond power between like components. This opens analogue systems to IP. This is mainly due appropriately. Such a fine tuned system with new opportunities for system flexibility and to customers taking advantage of the latest a high degree of filtering makes efficient use scalability. Overall system costs are greatly intelligent video analysis. Current motion of the operator’s attention. They do not have reduced by closely integrating pre processing detection analysis can only alert operators to watch multiple screens simultaneously, and analysis and metadata generation in Sony, DEPA when and where to look at images, but are images that are selected and presented are enabled IP cameras, with back end processing unable to identify specific behaviours. With looked at carefully. Intelligent video analysis in network video recorders. In addition, the intelligent video analysis, a system can be that makes better use of operator attention front end analysis operates across all the tuned to send an alert based on highly specific produces greater accuracy in monitoring with cameras simultaneously. This significantly raises conditions appropriate to the individual faster response times. While the number of the overall security capabilities. 18
  • 19. CIOSURVIVALGUIDE H.264 Experts Group. We should note that MPEG compression techniques can also be used for video that is sent over non-IP networks like broadcast cable television systems. MPEG-4 Part 10 has also been incorporated into the latest ITU standards and this most recent standard is referred to as H.264 or Advanced Video Coding. MPEG-4 provides a significant improvement in both picture quality and it doubles bandwidth efficiency when compared to MPEG-2, MPEG- 4 Part 2, or H.263 techniques. For video, the two most common compression techniques—MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 were established the Motion Picture Experts Group. H.264 explained In MPEG-4 compression, each frame is sub- divided into an Initial Video Object Plane (I- VOP), which contains all the anchor data, and H.264 PRIMER several Predictive Video Object Planes (P-VOPs), which predict the difference between the current image and the previous VOP. H.264 works on the same principle, but adjusts its data capture for the P-VOPs in real- time, to focus more accurately on the area where movement has occurred. This achieves enhanced images whilst actually transmitting How video over IP works significantly less data. Less bandwidth V For network security users, H.264 offers all ideo encoding and session control is sorts of practical benefits. Using network more complex than techniques used H.264 requires less bandwidth, cameras designed to work with H.264, you for voice because it must allow for while delivering better picture quality will need less bandwidth. MPEG-4 requires a wider allowance of bandwidth, it approximately one-third of the bandwidth must include protocols for presenting pictures PSNR (dB) Video Parameters: used by JPEG; H.264 requires just one- on a multiple kinds of screens, and it must -10 frames/s fifth. That’s almost a 40% saving between - QCIF also include an audio component to allow for 40 (176x144 pixels) standard MPEG-4 and H.264. - 10 seconds of video sound that accompanies the picture. (100 frames) In the voice world, the ITU-T has 38 Reduced storage established a series of standards including 36 H.264 MPEG-4 JPEG With better compression, your stored files G.711, G.721, G.722, G.726, G.727, G.728, 35 will take up much less room on your server, and G.729. And once digitized and encoded, 34 potentially saving significant sums in your voice transmissions (or sessions) are typically 32 network storage requirements. controlled by H.323 or Session Initiation Protocol, with SIP being the strategically 30 Improved quality controlled protocol. 28 Because the P-VOP elements of each frame For video, the two most common Bit rate (Kb/s) are more accurate, H.264 will provide compression techniques—MPEG-2 and 0 100 200 300 better images with more detail. In security MPEG-4 were established the Motion Picture applications, this could make a real difference. 19
  • 20. TECHNOLOGY AND EXHIBITION FORUM Innovation is not necessarily about new inventions, but is more about finding beneficial applications. Recently Network World Middle East in partnership with Sony Professional Solutions ME held the You & Sony an executive technology and exhibition forum which showcased the latest B2B AV IT products and solutions for the workplace. NWME’s Mark Cantalejo was there to capture this memorable event held at the Madinat Jumeirah in Dubai. (l to r) William Sarakikya, GM; A1 Outdoor, James Glosser vertical manager; Emirates computers, Nick Deen; senior marketing Manager PDS & RTV, Sony Europe and Haneef Al Raisi, CEO; Raisani Media. Philip Robinson, CIO; Sharjah Teaching Hospital (l to r) Mohammad Shah, CTO; KEC, Saudi, Ashi Seth, director IT;American University of Sharjah, Nuno Martins, EMEA business manager; Sony Professional Solutions and Hazem Awni Jarrar, IT Manager, King Faisal Foundation.
  • 21. Delegates at the Sony Technology Forum listening to Masahiro Soga, senior GM,B2B Solutions Group, Sony deliver his keynote address. Delegates listen in to one of the executive panel discussions. (l to r) Dr Mustafa Qurban, IT director; King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Hatta Michihiro, product marketing; Sony Professional Solution and Alexandra Tarazi; IT director; Dubai Healthcare City. A delegate gets first hand information on Sony’s healthcare solutions offerings. Attendees listen in at the Sony Digital Signage stand.
  • 22. Masahiro Soga, senior GM; B2B Solutions Group, Sony, shares insights on Sony’s B2B solutions. (l to r) GV Rao, GM, ICT; Pearl Qatar, Raghavan Selvamani, Group information Security Officer; Noor Investment Group and Dr Abdulrahman Al Shenaifi, Sr Advisor, IT & Security, Saudi Interior Ministry (from left) Mohammed Khatib, director IT; Amman Stock Exchange and Bharat Raigangar, CSO, Royal Bank of Scotland. Executives listen in while Simon Nash, senior European marketing manager; Video Security, Sony Professional Solutions, shares views on IP surveillance solutions. (l to r) Simon Nash, senior European marketing manager; Video Security, Sony Professional Solutions, UV Kumar, CIO; Doha Bank and Mohammed Khatib, director IT; Amman Stock Exchange. The Sony 3D TelePresence conference room
  • 23. Sony and ‘IPELA’ are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan. Give him the best tools for the job Talk to Sony. www.sonybiz.net/nvm Intelligent video analysis… Security for a modern world. The Sony range of Network Video Monitoring solutions brings together the best cameras, recorders and management software to support your security staff in delivering an immediate response to your security needs. To find out more please contact magesh.srinivasan@eu.sony.com OR call +971506240081
  • 24. ExwavePRO | Light Funnel | 1.3 Megapixel | Intelligent Motion Detection © 2008 Sony Corporation. Sony and IPELA are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan. © 2008 Sony Corporation. Sony and IPELA are registered trademarks of the Sony Corporation, Japan. Introducing the new range of Megapixel cameras from Sony. Designed for security, Sony Megapixel cameras combine 1.3 Megapixel resolution with new ExwavePRO CCD, Light Funnel with colour filters and Intelligent Motion Detection to deliver high picture quality in even the most difficult lighting conditions. Introduce a new level of intelligence and clarity to your business – Go Mega with Sony. Designed for Security