Rule Classical era Last part

Chapter 5: Minuet and Trio Ternary form based upon stately court dance of the baroque Each ternary part is itself ternary: Return of the minuet is usually marked on the music as da capo Minuet Trio Minuet ||: a :||: b a’ :| |: c :||: d c’ :| | a b a’ || A B A Chapter 5

Listening Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525 (1787) ( A Little Night Music ) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Third Movement Listening Outline: p. 169 Brief Set, CD 2:38 Listen for: Minuet and trio form Minuet Trio Minuet A B A ||: a :||: b a’ :| |: c :||: d c’ :| | a b a’ || Chapter 5

Chapter 4: Theme and Variations Single part form—no large contrasting “B” section Basic idea presented, then repeated over and over
Each repeat alters (varies) the musical idea
( A A’ A” A”’…)
Variations may alter melody, harmony, rhythm, dynamics, timbre, or all of these
Each variation is about the same length as the original idea
Chapter 4

Listening Symphony No. 94 in G Major, 1791 ( Surprise Symphony ) Franz Joseph Haydn Second Movement Listening Outline: p. 166 Brief Set, CD 2:32 Listen for: Theme and variations form “ Surprise” chord near beginning Chapter 4

Chapter 6: Rondo Features a main theme that keeps coming back Main theme section alternates with other contrasting sections
Note the similarity to modern pop-music form
Common rondo patterns:
A B A C A (small rondo)
A B A C A B A (large rondo)
Sometimes combined with sonata form to create the hybrid sonata-rondo form
Sonata-rondo is a rondo with a development section
Chapter 6

Listening String Quartet in C Minor , Op. 18, No. 4 (1798-1800) Ludwig van Beethoven Fourth movement: Rondo (Allegro) Listening Outline: p. 171 Brief Set, CD 2:41 Listen for: Rondo form (large rondo) A B A C A B A Chapter 6

Chapter 3: Sonata Form Opening movements frequently use sonata form Also called sonata-allegro form
Sonata form refers to a single movement
A sonata is an entire multi-movement work
One of, if not the , most common classical forms
Form continues up to, and including, the 20 th century
Common in symphony, sonata, and string quartet
This form also common in second and fourth movements Chapter 3

Exposition (A)
Sonata form is ternary (A B A)—3 main sections
Development (B)
Recapitulation (A)
Often concludes with a “tag” or tail—coda
Initial statement of first and second themes
Entire section usually repeated
Tension-building section
Themes broken into fragments— motives
Resolution of tension
Re-statement of first and second themes
Chapter 3

Listening Symphony No. 40 in G Minor , K. 550 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart First movement Listening Outline: p. 164 Brief Set, CD 2:23 Listen for: Sonata Form Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda Chapter 3

“Sonata” – THREE uses
“Sonata Format”
4 movement set
Fast – Slow – Dancelike – Fast
Sonata FORM
Exposition – Development – Recapitulation
A single Movement
Sonata GENRE
Piece for solo instrument, with piano accompaniment
Generally 4 movement set

A Piano Sonata usually follows the Sonata format . The 1st & 4th movements are often Sonata form .

Genres

Chapter 9: Classical Chamber Music Intended performance in a room, not a concert hall
One player to a part
Often intended for amateur performers
Small group of four to nine instrumentalists
Sonata for violin and piano
Most important setting is string quartet
Two violins, viola, cello
Other popular settings:
Usually: Fast—Slow—Dance—Fast
Piano trio (violin, cello, and piano)
String quintet (two violins, two violas, cello)
Four movements
Chapter 9

Opera
VERY popular, especially Mozart
New features
Ensemble Arias
More fluid between aria and recitative
COMIC opera!

Chapter 8: The Classical Concerto Work for instrumental soloist and orchestra lasting 20-45 minutes Usually three movements:
Fast—Slow—Fast (no minuet movement)
Contrasts soloist’s abilities with power and timbres of orchestra Chapter 8

Opens in sonata form with a double exposition Break near end of first and sometimes last movement called cadenza
Solo break where orchestra stops and waits
Originally improvised, classical composers seldom notated cadenzas
Orchestra plays first exposition, soloist the second
Chapter 8

Chapter 7: The Classical Symphony Extended, ambitious work lasting for 20-45 minutes Multi-movement instrumental work
First movement: Fast, frequently sonata form
Themes in one movement rarely appear in another movement
Second movement: Slow, often sonata form, sometimes theme and variations
Third movement: Dance, usually minuet and trio or scherzo (a fast dance-like) form
Fourth movement: Fast, frequently sonata or rondo form
Chapter 7

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Rule Classical era Last part

by Tom Rule on Oct 04, 2009

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Rule Classical era Last part — Webinar Transcript