Context aware software engineering and maintenance: the FastFix approach

Context-‐Aware So.ware Engineering and Maintenance: The FastFix Approach Dr. Walid Maalej TU München, Germany

Summary of the Talk 1 We model context as a set of events including the interacIon of users with the applica?ons and the concerned arIfacts 2 We dis?nguish between short term context (work sessions, intenIons, problems) and long term context (user experience) 3 Our research is mo?vated by so.ware engineering work, but can be easily extended to general knowledge work Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 2

Outline 1 MoIvaIon 2 Context Model 3 ApplicaIons 4 Research Challenges Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 3

For Companies: Reduce So.ware Maintance Costs (Schach, 2008): Most of the eﬀort and cost is spent on post-‐delivery maintenance based on various data sources Average cost 1976 -‐1981 Average cost 1992 -‐ 1998 33% 25% Development 67% Development Maintenance Maintenance 75% More than 90% of companies resources dedicated to soPware maintenance (Erlikh, 2000, IT Pro) Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 4

For Users: Avoid Annoying Software Errors ReacIon Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 5

FastFix: Monitoring Context for Remote So.ware Maintenance U ser User User A pplica?on Applica?on Applica?on FastFix Client FastFix Server 1: interact 2: monitor 3: iden?fy errors 4 op?onal: ask for feedback 5: preprocess 6: securely report 7: replicate errors 8: correlate events 9: generate patch 10: update 11: self-‐heal 12 op?onal: inform Maalej, June. 2011 17.06.2011 6

Sources of Context InformaIon in FastFix Context User Application EnvironmentMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 8

A Context Aware Model of Knowledge Work Environment Work Applica?on Change Context Performed in User Short-‐term Context Long-‐term Context Interac?on concerns Inten?on Problem Experience Ar?fact Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 9

Structure of Context Events ContextEvent Semantic Timestamp Duration Information <pre:e1 rdf:type int:Read> <pre:e1 int:hasTimeStamp 12222222200> Example <pre:e1 int:hasDura?on 200> <pre:e1 int:concerns /myProject/isItWorking.java> </myProject/isItWorking.java rdf:type TestCase> Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 10

A Scratch of Context-‐Aware Tools Addi?onal feedback RecommendaIon Tool Interac?on interact trigger Ontoloy Context Observer problem problem Problem ApplicaIon sensors ElicitaIon events Session-‐ izaIon Execu?on OS ExecuIon Env. Ontology sensors sensors update User Proﬁle Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 11

Ontologies Deﬁne the SemanIcs of So.ware Engineering Work concerns Interac?on Ar?fact has type has type Change Tool Class Read Other interac?on and Other ar?fact Test Use Model types Email ac?vity types Debug Specify Request Method Ref: [Maalej, MSR’10] Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 12

Type Inference for InteracIons & ArIfacts concerns member of event SayHello HelloWord rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type Create Method Class Method concerns event HelloWord rdf:type rdf:type rdf:type Browse Report bug Bug Report Web Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 13

Short Term Developer’s Work: From InteracIons to IntenIons Assist Colleague on ? Reusing Component C Fix Table Rendering Bug ? InteracIon Current Granularity IntenIon Task T1: Implement XML Export Session Work Session 1 Work Session 2 Work Session 3 Work Session 4 … Seman?c Read Reuse Impl. Read Bug Seek Debug Impl. Test Close … Chat … … interac?on Task Lib Class Report Info App Met App Bug h Interac?on Use Download Edit Copy Paste Open Scroll Edit Import Open Add Edit Add Step into Step into with tools Run ..Read Search .. ... Write Scroll Tool T1Library L ist Classpath Method X Method b Task Method a T URL b URL L Task Class URL Breakpoint Method x Method y Time Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 14

AggregaIon and Filtering of Context Long Term (Simpliﬁed Formula) Experience with a The more frequent we The longer we use an par?cular ar?fact interact with an ar?fact, the ar?fact, the more more experience we have experience we have with it with it Frequency DuraIon Experience Age The older the interac?on with the ar?fact, the less experience we have with it Ref: [Maalej, RSSE 2010] Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 15

Long Term Experience Meta Model Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 16

FastFix Model for Context ElicitaIon Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 17

ApplicaIons of Context-‐Awareness Traceability and Tool Integration (Semi) automatic linking of development artefacts and tool functionalities Information Allocation Personal Productivity Management Filtering of search results and Control and optimization of extension of queries (semantic search) development time and space Knowledge Sharing Awareness Creation A proactive capturing and Context Dissemination of status and sharing of experiences Aware priority information Development Infrastructures Uses of context of assist developers in these tasks and increase productivityMaalej, June. 2011 Context-‐Aware Development Infrastructures 19

Organize Work by Using Task Context (IntenIons) Fix Bug In XML Export Prepare My Talk at Powerset Process Bank Transactions Experiment the iPhone SDK •  You don’t have to predefine tasks •  Your tasks are discovered automatically during the actual workMaalej, June. 2011 Context-‐Aware Development Infrastructures 20

Tracing Related ArIfacts from IntenIon Details (in MacIntent) Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 21

SemanIc Search for Distributed InformaIon (in WinIntent) Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 22

MacIntent: AutomaIcally Generated Commit Message Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 23

FastFix Error Handling Strategies Recommend error report Generate Recordable symptoms error report FastFix focus Replicate fault ShowError complexity Reproducible error context information Recommend causes to engineer Inform user Known causes about error causes Recommend solution to engineer Recommend Known solution ﬁx to user Generate Patch Automatically resolvable Self-heal Maalej, June. 2011 Strategy complexity

Detect and Describe Error SituaIons FastFix Error Reporting The application MOSKitt quit unexpectedly. FastFix will send an error report to the maintenance center that includes information necessary to fix the problem as soon as possible. Your personal data will not be contained in the report. Once a fix for the problem is identified it will be automatically sent to you. Steps to reproduce: 1. Open MOSKitt 2. Import data file (file data obfuscated) 3. Click button named “btn_Transform” SendMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 25

Context Augmented Fault ReplicaIon GUI Replay Context MOSKitt User Interface: Graphical Context View: User Application Both Granularity level + A1 B1 C1 C2 - Search: Graphic Text Fault Replay Use these elements to control the fault replay. Back Play Forward Stop Step In Step OutMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 26

Context Augmented Debugging Condition Position CPU Load > 75 % Line 4 User Type = Beginner Line 159 NONE Line 13 Context View: Granularity User Application Both level + + A1 B1 Fault Replay Use these elements to control the fault replay. C1 C2 -- Back Play Forward Stop Step In Step OutMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 27

Error Cause and Error SoluIon RecommendaIon Unhandled Exception in MOSKitt (Automatic Report) FastFix component Similar Error Reports Recommendation (FastFix) Unhandled Exception, org.moskitt.transform, btn_Transform FastFix recommends the following similar error reports: 1. Ticket #123: Unhandled Exception in MOSKitt (Automatic Report) - 95% - ASSIGNED 2. Ticket #47: Moskitt crashed while I was importing a model - 67% - CLOSED (FIXED) 3. Ticket #98: Unhandled exception - 65% - ASSIGNED FastFix Error Report Recommendation Error Cause Recommendation (FastFix) Cause Probability Third party component failure 98% Show solution... Usability failure 45% Show solution... Conﬁguration error 12% Show solution...Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 28 FastFix Error Cause Recommendation

Error Cause and Error SoluIon RecommendaIon Control System behavior of method1: Error Cause Detected in method1 Self-Heal: Auto-Create Control Objective Import Control Objective Objectives Self-Healing Control Objective preventing method5: 5 Any event but method1Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 29

Outline 1 MoIvaIon 2 Conceptual Model 3 ApplicaIons 4 Research Challenges Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 30

Challenges of Context Awareness Efficient InstrumentaIon How can heterogeneous Privacy ProtecIon Context Modeling tools be efficiently How can we protect users’ How can we model abstract instrumented? privacy while collec?ng no?on of context to support sensi?ve informa?on? What unique scenarios? What is Major research are acceptable trade-‐offs? part of the context? challenges on context-‐ Context RepresentaIon AggregaIon and Processing awareness Can we efficiently represent How can we aggregate data and knowledge and Context context for different levels of enable reasoning and SessionizaIon granularity? Can we measure seman?c interpreta?on? and compare subjec?ve How can we “package” context like experience? context events? How can a context switch be detected? [Maalej, Roadmap 2010] Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 31

For more informaIon 1.  W Maalej, Inten?on-‐Based Tool Integra?on of SoPware Engineering Tools, Dr. Hut Verlag 2010 (available at amazon.de) 2.  W Maalej , Task First or Context First? Tool Integra?on Revisited. In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE/ACM Interna?onal Conference on Automated SoPware Engineering, 2009 3.  W. Maalej and H-‐J Happel, Can Development Work Describe Itself? In Proceeding of 6th IEEE Interna?onal Conference on Mining SoPware Repositories, 2010 4.  W Maalej et al. When Users Become Collaborators, In OOPSLA 2009 Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 32

Related Projects Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 33

Summary of the Talk 1 We model context as a set of events including the interacIon of users with the applica?ons and the concerned arIfacts 2 We dis?nguish between short term context (work sessions, intenIons, problems) and long term context (user experience) 3 Our research is mo?vated by so.ware engineering work, but can be easily extended to general knowledge work Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 34

Contact Dr. Walid Maalej TUM maalejw@cs.tum.edu Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 35

Backups Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 36

Today’s Challenges of So.ware Projects Daily Change" •  Change in design, requirements and project settings" •  Knowledge ages   2 Information Overload quickly" 1 •  Immense information “Multiple” Distribution! sources" •  Outsourcing, offshoring, Four dynamic •  Diverse and complex open source, multi- and increasing technologies, frameworks organizational projects" factors and requirements" •  Problems in coordination, 3 knowledge sharing " •  Problems in efﬁciency " 4 High Competition! •  Short “time to market”" •  Highest productivity, ﬂexibility and quality is requiredMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 37

Advantages of Using SemanIc Web Technologies   Informa?on mapping   Ontologies facilitate seman?c mapping of heterogeneous informa?on   Logical constructs defining synonyms, homonyms, composites, specializa?on …   Advanced querying   Inclusion of seman?cs, inference-‐ability, and powerful querying constraints   Informal evolu?on of knowledge   Post-‐structuring of informa?on   Unified resource iden?fica?on   URIs have a global scope   URIs support mul?ple versions and representa?ons of a resource   Defacto Standards   Largely adopted by the industry Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 38

Short Term What is Context? Used Artifacts Developer’s Changed Work Session Interactions Artifacts Read Artifacts Context is the set of all events and information, which can be observed or interpreted during knowledge work, except those events and pieces of information that constitute the changeMaalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 39

What are IntenIons? cause Inten?on   An inten?on is a context object that describes:   The conscious striving towards a work goal   The goal itself, being the output of the work   Inten?ons underlay a causal model Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 40

Shared SemanIcs to Annotate Context: Developers’ InteracIons Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 41

Shared SemanIcs to Annotate Context Developers’ ArIfacts Maalej, June. 2011 FastFix Context Approach 42

Context aware software engineering and maintenance: the FastFix approach

by Walid Maalej on Jun 19, 2011

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Context aware software engineering and maintenance: the FastFix approach — Presentation Transcript