Fp part a - report template (recovered)

Content:
1. Introduction 3
2. A City Investigation on Better City Guidelines and 4-5
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities 6-7
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities 8-10
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities 11
6. Case Study on the Seleced Type of City 12-13
7. The New “X” City 14-28
8. The Conclusion 29
9. References list 30
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1.Introduction
For the final project for Elements and Natural Built Environment, we as the
mayor of the dying “X-City”, have to propose a newly organized city that is
even sustainable for citizens to live in the future. Students are to plan a small
size city that is about 40km2 and has to be enough for roughly 300,000 people
to survive in it. The future city to be proposed can be a city floating on the air
or water, underground, underwater and on land next to a river or sea.
Never ending researches were done to fulfill the requirements of a
perfectly organized city plan. The zonings of the city are the most important
part that make up a city such as government area, business area, residential
areas, commercial areas and much more. This project helps us to understand
what makes up a good city by considering its elements and components.
Through this project, students can actually understand more about the
city and also very much related to nature. Not only that, students can also
get a better understanding of the key elements of a city and what makes it a
good city.
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2.The City
A City
A city is a relatively large and permanent human settlemen. It is also a densely
populated urban area which may include several independent administrative
districts. It contains a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based
on local law. A big city usually has associated suburbs and exburbs, such
cities are related with metropolitan and urban areas, creating various
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business commuters travelling to urban centers for employment. Once a city
grows for enough to reach another city, this region can be believed a
conurbation or megalopolis.
History
A city exists for many reasons. It serves as a storage, trade and manufacture.
Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any
particular ancient settlement can be considered a city. Throughout history,
cities can be found at the intersection of transportation routes, or at points
where goods must shift to one mode of transportation to another, at river and
ocean parts. Cities with their concentration of talent, mixture of people and
economic surplus, have provided a fertile ground for the evolution of human
culture.
What makes up a city
A city is made up of large population, government area, educational area,
residential area, commercial area, religion and culture, public services and
supported by law, equipped by transportation, facilities and ports.
What makes up a good city
A good future city must include
- organized city zoning,
- complete and proper planning of infrastructure such as highways, high rise
buildings
- public transports such be increased as to be balanced with the increase of
population of citizens
- a unique architectural building as the identity of the city.
- uses renewable resources as to decrease the level of pollution
- practice 3R skills
- connectivity between citizens
- a green city as our future city to level down the pollution rate
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- defensive system in a city to escape from natural disasters which is the main
problem in our world now other than war.
What Is A Future City
Future city is basically a smart city which has to increase in urban density, equipped
with new and old buildings that apply both new and old technologies to make our
lives more comfortable and sustainable. In order for a city to achieve the state of
future city, some aspects should be take into count such as the environmental value
– low carbon, proper waste management, water, atmosphere and biodiversity ;
economical value – stable employment and income, more urbanization, new
business and enhanced knowledge society ;
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3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities
City of Rome
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Rome began as an Iron Age hut village, founded in the mid-8th
century BC and as a collection of small urban villages and adopted many aspects
of ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style.
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The Romans were also known to employ Greek craftsmen and
engineers to construct Roman buildings. The Roman use of the arch and their
improvements in the use of concrete and bricks facilitated the building of the
many aqueducts throughout the empire, such as the Aqueduct of Segovia and the
eleven aqueducts in Rome itself. The dome permitted construction of vaulted
ceilings without crossbeams and provided large covered public space such
as public baths and basilicas.
The Romans were the first civilization to fully exploit arched construction, in which a
roof is supported by arches (as opposed to post-and-beam construction, in which a
roof sits directly on columns). Prior to the age of steel framing, the interior space of a
post-and-beam structure was necessarily crowded with columns.
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After reading through the articles about the Roman buildings, I will use the concept
of the shape a dome Romans used for their roof top for large coverage public
space as the base of my city to increase the connectivity of citizens living in my
future city. Beside that the post and beam concept will be used for support purpose
and defensive system in my city which act as a secret tunnel to escape from natural
disasters such as tornado and strong winds as my city is a city on air.
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Present Cities
Shang Hai
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Shanghai, which literally means the "City on the Sea," lies on the Yangzi
River delta at the point where China's main waterway completes its 5,500-km (3,400-
mi) journey to the Pacific. Until 1842 Shanghai's location made it merely a small
fishing village. The village was soon turned into a city carved up into autonomous
concessions administered concurrently by the British, French, and Americans, all
independent of Chinese law. Each colonial presence brought with it its particular
culture, architecture, and society.
Although Shanghai had its own walled Chinese city, many native residents
still chose to live in the foreign settlements. Thus began a mixing of cultures that
shaped Shanghai's openness to Western influence. Shanghai became an important
industrial center and trading port that attracted not only foreign businesspeople
(60,000 by the 1930s) but also Chinese migrants from other parts of the country.
The Shang Hai Tower became a
significant of Shang Hai city. A
supertall skyscraper under construction in
Pudong, Shanghai which is called Shang
Hai Tower. The tower takes the form of nine
cylindrical buildings stacked atop each
other, totalling 121 floors, all enclosed by
the inner layer of the glass façade.
Between that and the outer layer,
which twists as it rises, nine indoor zones will provide public space for
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visitors. Each of these nine areas will have its own atrium featuring gardens,
cafés, restaurants and retail space and providing 360 degree views
of the city.
Both layers of the façade will be transparent, and retail and event spaces will be
provided at the tower's base. The transparent façade is a unique design feature,
because most buildings have only a single façade using highly reflective glass to
lower heat absorption, but the Shanghai Tower's double layer of glass will eliminate
the need for either layer to be opaqued. Once opened, the tower is expected to
accommodate as many as 16,000 people on a daily basis.
High tech park in Shang Hai Zhang Jiang.
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Based in the cylindrical shaped Shang Hai tower that uses the concept
of stacking atop each other, the buildings in my future city will use the concept to
increase the interaction of space (public space ) for citizens.
The overall view of my future city will be 360 degrees for interaction
between citizens purpose and they can look down to see what’s happening down
on earth. The city will be surrounded with glass for defense purpose and it is a one
sided glass which outsiders can’t see the inside of the city ( defense system ). The
glass is highly reflective glass which uses the concept of the shanghai tower to lower
heat absorption as the temperature will be higher during certain times and this will
affect the citizens living in it. The high speed technology used in shang hai will be
considered in my city by highly advanced transportation to increase the
connectivity and human activity.
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Future Cities
Copenhagen, Denmark
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Copenhagen is world famous for its biking culture and now officially
the first Bike City in the World. Last year, it was also voted the ‘Best city for
cyclists’ and the ‘World’s most liveable city’. The Danes are well known for
their love of cycling and cities all around the world are now looking at ways to
copy this phenomenon. It really is biking heaven for the cyclist in
Copenhagen with over 390 kilometres of designated bike lanes.
I think that Copenhagen is the most potential city to be a future city
due to many cities today are plagued by traffic congestion, and in densely
populated city areas the fastest way of getting around is often on a bicycle,
which is a highly efficient means of transport. Bicycle tracks takes up most of
the passageways of my future city for easy transportation and eco friendly
purpose.
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6. Case study on the selected type of
future city
“ City in the Sky” is created by London-based architect Tsvetan Toshkov, the
project is "about an imaginary tranquil oasis above the mega developed and
polluted city where one can escape from the everyday noise, stress and dirt."
The aerial escapes are meant to soar high above our tallest skyscrapers.
The concept of the city is inspired by the Lotus flower which is known for its
ability to emerge above the murky waters pure and clean. Symbolically, the
sky-scraping getaways represent a sort of utopia. The open expanse on each
structure even appears to have the ideal balance of a beautiful natural
landscape and aesthetically pleasing architecture.
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A city in the sky can be immobile which is floating in the air or a
flying city. For my future city, I would like to use the concept of a city floating
in the air other than it to be flying because if a city is moving about in the air,
a huge amount is needed for it to function and this may cause the city itself
to lose a greater amount of energy for electrical supply or energy converting
means. A city that just floats in the air is much safer and does not need to
consume large amount of energy to hover about. Other than that a floating
city in the sky can obtain water supply and solar energy easily.
One of the elements I can use for my future city based on the “
City in the Sky “ above is the materials used to built it. It is made up of glass
and steel structures that is strong enough to withstand the difference in
pressure between the interior and exterior of the city and gives in a stronger
support to the city itself as a city in the air is not easy to maintain.
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7.The New “X” City
Inspiring Floating in the Air Cities
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HOFFEN CITY
A City of Hope
After the previous city is greatly destroyed by natural disasters, a
massive Hoffen city plan was proposed to sustain the lives of people in the
future. The mayor decided to take the new city up above the clouds : A city
in the air.
The reason why a city in the air is proposed due to land and
water that is destroyed by earthquakes and tsunami is no longer sustainable
to live in, the people are shelter from natural disaster when they’re living up
above the clouds other than safe from lightning and thunderstorms as Hoffen
city situates at the altitude range of 3000-4000 feet above sea level. Other
than that, sufficient unpolluted oxygen is supplied to the city when it is in the
air.
As the mayor of the new “ X “ city – Hoffen, several elements of
the city is extracted from the key elements of reputable future cities in order
for it to be more sustainable and a more organized city planning itself.
Copenhagen’s example of bicycle culture is taken into count for Hoffen city
itself to create a petrol-free city and free from air pollution.
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The Zonning of the City
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The radar is placed in center for defense purpose, it detects presence
of natural disasters if there are any of them in the future and intruders. The
information is transmitted down to Zone 3 which is the military area.
The government area which is the most important part that makes
up a city is placed surrounding the radar system in the center. The research and
development center where new research and technology is being tested to
enhance the sustainability of the city in the air.
With solar panels surrounding at the top, solar energy is easily absorbed
and converted into electrical supply. Based on the rainwater harvesting system,
water is collected then purified for daily usage.
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The main city zone of Hoffen as the residential area fills up 70% of the
space in the city in order for about 250,000 of people to live in. Public services such
as firefighter stations, hospitals and police station area are arranged around the
residential area to ensure quick respond and rescue when needed. Besides that,
recreational area such as forests and parks area situated around the residential area
for the public to enjoy and increase the beauty of the landscape.
Water supply that is transferred from the upper level is transferred
down to the residential areas by tube ways. In order to save space and overcome
the increasing population of Hoffen, residential areas are also built in the tube that
supplies water to the residential space around it.
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In order to supply enough electrical power to the city itself,
sewage collected from areas like residential and government are transferred into a
energy converter and transform into electrical supply instead.
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The defense system is placed above the sewage treatment and
energy converter area. Radars are built around the military area which is for army
training, to detect intruders and tight security check points at specific areas can
control the in and out of citizens in the city.
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Business area is located near the commercial areas as both of them
are connected in a way such that both areas rely on each for the economy of the
Hoffen. Education areas are existed beside the residential area due to safety of
children and this minimizes the walking distance of students to their schools. The
education areas serves as primary school, secondary school and universities.
As for the port, it is located at specific and main areas of the city for
the shipping of cargos to the business and commercial areas which will then be
distributed to different zones. Culture and religional areas includes, temples, church
and mosque for the different races of Hoffen city like Chinese, Malay and Indian
other than that it can be for tourism and history purposes.
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The sewage from business, commercial, residential and education
areas will be distributed to the center part of the zone and then converted into
electrical supply that will be distributed to all parts of the city.
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The industrial area is located below the agricultural and livestock area
which what keeps the city running smoothly. The agricultural and livestock area are
separated into different parts for easier management. Tubes with walkways or
bicycle lanes inside it are connected to each area for the people to travel between
them. Crops from these two areas are transported down to the industrial area for
further processing and distributing food supply to different zones in the city.
Residential areas also existed in the agricultural area for farmers to travel
to the livestock or agricultural part to work or for the ease of citizens to buy fresh
food supplies from there. Besides that a research and development area is
connected to the industrial area to further improve and enhance the quality of food
and other products for the people in Hoffen. Water supply is surrounded around the
whole area as the areas involved are important and they need huge amount of
water supply to function as well.
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Transportation used in Hoffen
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The magnet train helps to prevent air pollution in Hoffen as it does not need petrol to
function. Other than that, Hoffen city picks up the bicycle culture in Copenhagen by
using bicycle as one of its main transport with the bicycle lanes at the roads of the
city.
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The overall layout of Hoffen city and transportation routes.
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Conclusion of Hoffen
Due to Hoffen being a city in the air, the city uses renewable
energy such as solar power and water that can be obtain easily in the air
other than that converts wastage to useful electrical energy besides
discarding it that may cause pollution. Hoffen that promotes maximizing the
walkability in the city helps to prevent the usage of petrol and increases the
interaction between the environment and people.
The speciality of Hoffen is that the residential area is built in the
water transportation tube that can’t be found in other cities. This helps to save
space and increase the area for the increasing population of citizens to live
in.
Although the buildings and structure of Hoffen may not be the
artistic kind with the special shapes and all, but with the organized city planning and
eco friendly environment I believe Hoffen can provide a good sustainability for
people to live in the future and for many years to come.
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Overall perspective of the city
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8.Conclusion
Designing a future city is not an easy task at all. From
designing the structure to the city planning, everything single thing even the
slightest one must be taken into count in order for it to be an organized future
city. A lot of ideas came into mind when designing the structure of the city
itself but the zonings of the city must be considered so in the end I’ve
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changed the structure of my future city several times, so that it would fulfill the
means of being a good city.
Through all the research about the cities above, I’ve learned
that priority of citizens is placed first and then the most important government
that keeps the city moving smoothly. Other than that, to achieve a future city,
green city planning has also became a major factor when planning a city.
Due to the global warming and environmental issues our world is facing from
now and then, it is important that cities should be taking initiative on reducing
the usage of non-renewable sources such as fuel that causes air pollution as
well as damaging of ecosystem when extracting petrol from the sea bed,
usage of renewable energy and converting them into useful energy.
This project is a good experience for me to experience as an
urban planner, how city planning works and sustainability of a city can help
people to live for many years to come.
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9.Reference Links
- http://www.art.net/~hopkins/Don/simcity/manual/history.html
- http://urbanfutureskeele.wordpress.com/2010/03/10/what-is-a-city/
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City#History
- http://answers.ask.com/Science/Other/what_makes_a_city
- http://www.rome.info/ancient/history/
- http://www.nytimes.com/fodors/top/features/travel/destinations/asia/chi
na/shanghai/fdrs_feat_145_5.html?n=Top%2FFeatures%2FTravel
%2FDestinations%2FAsia%2FChina%2FShanghai
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Tower
- http://english.pudong.gov.cn/html/pden/pden_business_dz/Info/Detail_73
180.htm
- http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/tsvetan-toshkov-city-in-the-
sky
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Fp part a - report template (recovered)

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