Wireless Broadband In Korea for GIGA Technology Program YM Kim Finpro Korea November 15, 2005

Table of Contents Introduction Overview of the Market 2.1 Mobile Network Evolution 2.2 Mobile Subscribers 2.3 Mobile Operators 2.4 Mobile Internet 2.5 Mobile Phones Network Technology 3.1 CDMA2000 EVDO 3.2 Wibro 3.3 DMB 3.4 3G : CDMA2000 EVDV, WCDMA, HSDPA 3.5 WLAN Future Technology 4.1 4G 4.2 UWB 4.3 MIMO 4.4 Hand Over Issue R&D 5.1 Public Sector R&D 5.2 Private Sector R&D 5.3 Research in Optimizing the Use of Frequency Spectrum 6. Contents 6.1 Market Size of Mobile Internet Contents 6.2 Pricing of Mobile Internet 6.3 Popular Contents 7. Government 7.1 Role of Government 7.2 IT 839 Terminal 8.1 Mobile Phone Platform 8.2 Technological Trend 8.3 Components 9. Foreseeable radical changes 10. Opportunities for Finnish Companies 11. Appendix : Abbreviations

Introduction

Overview of the Market

2.1 Mobile Network Evolution

2.2 Mobile Subscribers

2.3 Mobile Operators

2.4 Mobile Internet

2.5 Mobile Phones

Network Technology

3.1 CDMA2000 EVDO

3.2 Wibro

3.3 DMB

3.4 3G : CDMA2000 EVDV, WCDMA, HSDPA

3.5 WLAN

Future Technology

4.1 4G

4.2 UWB

4.3 MIMO

4.4 Hand Over Issue

R&D

5.1 Public Sector R&D

5.2 Private Sector R&D

5.3 Research in Optimizing the Use of Frequency Spectrum

6. Contents

6.1 Market Size of Mobile Internet Contents

6.2 Pricing of Mobile Internet

6.3 Popular Contents

7. Government

7.1 Role of Government

7.2 IT 839

Terminal

8.1 Mobile Phone Platform

8.2 Technological Trend

8.3 Components

9. Foreseeable radical changes

10. Opportunities for Finnish Companies

11. Appendix : Abbreviations

1. Introduction

Korea is the first country in the world that has successfully commercialized the CDMA technology. In the late 2002, Korea was already offering CDMA2000 EVDO service at the speed of 2.4Mbps downstream at the maximum. Satellite Digital Multimedia Service (DMB) that is currently offering mobile TV service was commercially launched in May this year. Terrestrial DMB is coming at the yearend. Wireless broadband internet service, Wibro, is slated for commercial service during Q2 in 2006. 3.5G mobile technology, HSDPA, is expected to be available next year as well. It is eye-popping to watch all these network technologies being deployed, handsets being developed and available, and services being used. It will be even more so when these various networks are integrated and converged, which is now underway in Korea. The keywords that are reflecting the mega trend in the Korean wireless industry - wireless broadband internet , multimedia , and convergence . From operators’ point of view, mobile subscribers have reached saturation, revenue from pure voice calls has decreased, and competition among operators has never been more fierce. In order to sustain growth, it has been imperative for the operators to find new revenue sources, which are wireless broadband internet and wireless multimedia. To generate revenue from ‘anywhere, anytime, anyone’, these two services need to be seamlessly offered and easily available to customers on ‘any network’ That is why ‘Convergence Business’ or ‘U-Business’ has became the core of the new business developments at the communication service operators in Korea. With the high usage fee of the mobile data services based on the current mobile communications system and small screen of handsets, there is a great deal of limitations in providing wireless broadband internet services. Existing WLAN service using the ISM bandwidth has difficulties in providing public services due to frequency interruption and low coverage. Therefore, there have been great demands for wireless broadband internet service that can offer a higher speed, lower fee, portability, and mobility. Introduction

Korea is the first country in the world that has successfully commercialized the CDMA technology. In the late 2002, Korea was already offering CDMA2000 EVDO service at the speed of 2.4Mbps downstream at the maximum. Satellite Digital Multimedia Service (DMB) that is currently offering mobile TV service was commercially launched in May this year. Terrestrial DMB is coming at the yearend. Wireless broadband internet service, Wibro, is slated for commercial service during Q2 in 2006. 3.5G mobile technology, HSDPA, is expected to be available next year as well. It is eye-popping to watch all these network technologies being deployed, handsets being developed and available, and services being used. It will be even more so when these various networks are integrated and converged, which is now underway in Korea. The keywords that are reflecting the mega trend in the Korean wireless industry - wireless broadband internet , multimedia , and convergence .

From operators’ point of view, mobile subscribers have reached saturation, revenue from pure voice calls has decreased, and competition among operators has never been more fierce. In order to sustain growth, it has been imperative for the operators to find new revenue sources, which are wireless broadband internet and wireless multimedia. To generate revenue from ‘anywhere, anytime, anyone’, these two services need to be seamlessly offered and easily available to customers on ‘any network’ That is why ‘Convergence Business’ or ‘U-Business’ has became the core of the new business developments at the communication service operators in Korea.

With the high usage fee of the mobile data services based on the current mobile communications system and small screen of handsets, there is a great deal of limitations in providing wireless broadband internet services. Existing WLAN service using the ISM bandwidth has difficulties in providing public services due to frequency interruption and low coverage. Therefore, there have been great demands for wireless broadband internet service that can offer a higher speed, lower fee, portability, and mobility.

Introduction Behind the success of the Korean communication industry stand the government, especially the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) and the customers who are willing to pay for new services and handsets. The government sets concrete targets and master plans to strengthen the national competitiveness, makes advanced investments, grants public funds to public and private R&D activities, stimulates private companies to make investment, and takes the role of a project manager. Koreans are hunting for free and lower prices. But at the same time, they don’t mind paying for faster and new services and goods. Value-added is appreciated and paid-off. This report for TEKES highlights the wireless broadband technology and services on the horizon, future technologies that enable efficient frequency spectrum use and convergence, R&D activities, popular contents, terminal technologies and trend, government’s role, and foreseeable radical changes in Korea. From the benchmark study on the Korean experience and mega trend, a good insight about where a country in the forefront of the communication industry is moving toward and also its trials and errors can be earned. Exchange rate is 1260 KRW for 1EUR

Behind the success of the Korean communication industry stand the government, especially the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) and the customers who are willing to pay for new services and handsets. The government sets concrete targets and master plans to strengthen the national competitiveness, makes advanced investments, grants public funds to public and private R&D activities, stimulates private companies to make investment, and takes the role of a project manager. Koreans are hunting for free and lower prices. But at the same time, they don’t mind paying for faster and new services and goods. Value-added is appreciated and paid-off.

This report for TEKES highlights the wireless broadband technology and services on the horizon, future technologies that enable efficient frequency spectrum use and convergence, R&D activities, popular contents, terminal technologies and trend, government’s role, and foreseeable radical changes in Korea. From the benchmark study on the Korean experience and mega trend, a good insight about where a country in the forefront of the communication industry is moving toward and also its trials and errors can be earned.

Exchange rate is 1260 KRW for 1EUR

2. Overview of the Market 2.1 Mobile Network Evolution 2.2 Mobile Subscribers 2.3 Performance of Mobile Operators 2.4 Mobile Internet 2.5 Mobile Phones

2.1 Mobile Network Evolution

ICT Network Evolution in Korea Narrowband 1990 Broadband 2000 BcN 2010 2.4 – 9.6Kbps 1.5 – 2Mbps 50 -100 Mbps 2005 4-100 Mbps Convergence Services Fixed+Mobile TPS Wibro+ HSDPA+ WLAN+ DMB Home Networking IS95 A/B 64 Kbps IS95C 2000.10 144 kbps CDMA1-x EVDO 2002 Up:2.4 Mbps Down: 153kbps WCDMA/HSDPA CDMA1-x EVDV 2006 3/1.8Mbps for WCDMA 14 Mbps for HSDPA Voice and text communications Low interoperability and synchronization among terminals emphasis on electronic data processing Narrowband technology Broadband internet service PC-based service Web-based service Networking among some IT products Broadband technology Various converged IT services Universal IT integration & Universal networking Broadband network technology : Digital convergence technology Trial services in July ‘05

Voice and text communications

Low interoperability and synchronization among terminals

emphasis on electronic data processing

Narrowband technology

Broadband internet service

PC-based service

Web-based service

Networking among some IT products

Broadband technology

Various converged IT services

Universal IT integration & Universal networking

Broadband network technology : Digital convergence technology

Trial services in July ‘05

CDMA2000 1X Network Configuration Internet BTS PDA IP Phone BSC BTS Notebook PDSN HA MSC/VLR RADIUS HLR IWF BSC BTS Gateway Router VMS SMSC SCP IP SCE/SMS Subscriber authentication occurs here Packet NW IP Phone PSTN IP Fax IP Fax

CDMA2000 EVDO Network Configuration BTS : Wireless link and wireless signal processing PCX/VLR : Subscriber Location Registration, Circuit Switch function IDR (Internet Detailed Record) : Managing data about internet usage for billing PGS (Gateway Switch) : Interconnection between different operators’ network BSC (APC) : Control of signals and resource management, Packet routing, trans-coding PDSN (Packet Data Serving Node) : Function of data routing protocol AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) : Subscriber authentication, data billing PAS (Personal Access System) : Function of Proxy between terminal and Web server WISE : KTF’s billing system Source : KTF Own Network Other’s Network

WCDMA Network Configuration Source: www.4g.co.kr Valued-added Service NW Internet Backbone NW No.7 Signal NW Core NW Wireless NW Internet NW BST RNC Mobile NW Other IMT NW 2G/3G Roaming NW ISDN PSDN

2.2 Mobile Subscribers

Mobile Subscriber Penetration Source: SK Telecom and Gartner Dataquest (Unit: million subscriber )

Wireless Internet Subscriber Development As of May 2005, subscribers to wireless internet service reached 36 million (based on No. of handset sales) which is 96.5% of the total mobile phone users of 37,405,649. Source: MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication of Korea

As of May 2005, subscribers to wireless internet service reached 36 million (based on No. of handset sales) which is 96.5% of the total mobile phone users of 37,405,649.

Subscriber Development of CDMA 2000 1x and EV-DO Source: KISDI, October 2005 (Mobile Operators IR Reports) (Unit: thousand) CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO 11,769 6,430 760 - EV-DO 23,384 21,515 18,123 7,614 CDMA 2000 1x Aug. 05 1Q 04 1Q 03 1Q 02 Total No. of subscribers

Mobile Service Operators and Market Share (Year 2004) Source: SK Telecom Market Share by Operator SK Telecom has been enjoying the market leadership with the market share of over 50% although the company had to see more than 2.1 million subscribers churning to its rival operators, KTF and LG Telecom, since the introduction of Mobile Number Portability into the market in January 2005. Subscriber & Revenue Market Share by Operator

SK Telecom has been enjoying the market leadership with the market share of over 50% although the company had to see more than 2.1 million subscribers churning to its rival operators, KTF and LG Telecom, since the introduction of Mobile Number Portability into the market in January 2005.

2.3 Performance of Mobile Operators

Performance of SK Telecom & KTF(Q2 2005) SKT KTF 23.7% % Data to Total Revenue 196 minutes (+6%) (+1%) 17.5% (-0.6%) 442 bil KRW (+1%)(-23%) 10,419 KRW (+8%) (+39%) 44,105 KRW (+4%) (+3%) 597 bil KRW (+9%) (+43%) 467 bil KRW (+27%) (+56%) 713 bil KRW (+16%) (+54%) 2.5 tril KRW* (+5% to Q1) (+6% to Q4 ') 351 mil EUR 8.3 EUR 35 EUR 474 mil EUR 371 mil EUR 566 mil EUR 2.0 bil EUR Marketing expense to total Revenue MOU* Total ARPU Data Revenue Marketing expense Data ARPU Net income Operating income Total Revenue 18.7% (+0.4%) 232 bil KRW (+5.2%) 38,800 KRW (+3.5%) 25,107 KRW 5,154 KRW 148 bil KRW 15.2% (+2.3%) 222 bil KRW (+16.9%) 1.2 tril KRW(+3.1%) 184 mil EUR 117 mil EUR 176 mil EUR 952 mil EUR Marketing expense Marketing expense to total revenue Operating profit ratio Operating income Total ARPU Voice ARPU Data ARPU Data Revenue Total Revenue

2.4 Mobile Internet

Mobile Internet Usage Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency (NIDA), September 2005 Those who use mobile internet at least once during the last 6 months Frequency of Mobile Internet Use Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency of Korea, September 2005

Mobile Service Revenue Outlook (Voice vs Data) (Unit: million EUR) (Source: Gartner Dataquest, June 2005) Mobile Internet Revenue as % of Non-voice Revenue (2Q05) 32% 30% 27% 25% 22% 19% 12% 8% 5% 3% % of data to total revenue 5,413 5,018 4,513 4,001 3,408 2,590 1,516 973 497 223 Data 11,640 11,915 12,117 12,105 11,837 11,342 10,707 10,585 10,173 8,100 Voice 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

Trend in Mobile Internet Revenue by Operator SKT’s wireless internet revenue increased to 473.8 million EUR in 2Q 05 from 330.9 million EUR in 2Q 04 by expansion of wired and wireless integrated service, GPS, broadcasting service, and diversifying contents. (Unit: million EUR) Source: Electronic Times

SKT’s wireless internet revenue increased to 473.8 million EUR in 2Q 05 from 330.9 million EUR in 2Q 04 by expansion of wired and wireless integrated service, GPS, broadcasting service, and diversifying contents.

Mobile Internet ARPU Trend by Operator SKT KTF LGT Source: Mobile Operators – SKT, KTF, LGT (Unit: EUR) SKT KTF LGT (Unit: EUR) SKT KTF LGT (Unit: EUR) SKT KTF LGT (Unit: EUR)

Mobile Phone Usage Patterns Mobile phone users over 12 years old use the voice call 70.9 times (4.1 hours per week) and SMS 61.8 times a week. The voice call use ratio of the mobile phone use is 71.9 % followed by 24.3 % for SMS and 3.8% for mobile internet. Mobile phone owners have used their current phones for 15.6 months on average. Those aged 12-19 change their phones as often as 10.5 months while 22.4 months for those over 50 years old. People consider ‘digital camera(70.9%)’ function most important when purchasing mobile phones. Wireless internet(56.8%), moving image recording(47%), MP3 player(29.4%) functions are also considered important. Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency of Korea, September 2004 (Unit: times) Frequency of SMS Message Use 15.8 up Mobile Phone Usage Patterns 4.3 up (Unit: times) Frequency of SMS Message Use 15.8 up

Mobile phone users over 12 years old use the voice call 70.9 times (4.1 hours per week) and SMS 61.8 times a week. The voice call use ratio of the mobile phone use is 71.9 % followed by 24.3 % for SMS and 3.8% for mobile internet.

Mobile phone owners have used their current phones for 15.6 months on average. Those aged 12-19 change their phones as often as 10.5 months while 22.4 months for those over 50 years old.

People consider ‘digital camera(70.9%)’ function most important when purchasing mobile phones. Wireless internet(56.8%), moving image recording(47%), MP3 player(29.4%) functions are also considered important.

2.5 Mobile Phone

Market Size of Domestic Mobile Phone (unit: million units) Shipment = Domestic sales + Export Source: National Statistics Office / R&D Biz Mobile Phone Production in Korea (# of phones) Unit: 10,000 units Domestic Camera Phone Sales Source: MIC, 2004 Source: MIC 2005 14.2 2000 13.7 2001 2005(E) 2004 2003 13~16 15.9 14.9 Market Size 34.4% 3.2% 28.7% 28.8% CAGR (%) 164,592,158 18,411,587 183,003,745 184,148,569 2004 118,050,521 17,868,087 135,918,608 133,907,276 2003 92,517,604 17,430,986 109,948,590 107,031,100 2002 76,375,188 15,349,835 91,725,023 89,982,724 2001 50,463,036 16,222,713 66,685,767 66,910,145 2000 Export Domestic Sales Shipment Production - 99% 81% 51% 8% Camera phone ratio 108.3% 1,500 1,300 710 130 Sales volume CAGR(%) 2005(E) 2004(E) 2003 2002

Mobile Handset Production Value Source: Korea Customs Service (Unit: 1,000 USD)

Handset Market Share by Manufacturers (2004) Source: Pantech & Curitel 2,585,000 Others Shipment (units) Manufacturer 16,742,000 904,000 2,418,000 3,645,000 7,190,000 Total Motorola Pantech LG Samsung

Domestic Handset Market by Type (2004) Handset production value in 2004 reached 25.5 billion EUR, an increase of 24.6% from the previous year. CDMA, GSM, and TDMA handsets accounted for 42.7% (10,931 m EUR), 56.7% (14,507 m EUR), and 0.5% (132.7 m EUR) respectively.

Handset production value in 2004 reached 25.5 billion EUR, an increase of 24.6% from the previous year. CDMA, GSM, and TDMA handsets accounted for 42.7% (10,931 m EUR), 56.7% (14,507 m EUR), and 0.5% (132.7 m EUR) respectively.

Mobile Handset Export (2004) Mobile handset export in 2004 marked 17,678,7900,000 USD, 42.1% up from a year ago. USA was the biggest overseas market for Korean handset manufacturers with a sales value of 6,750,790,000 USD (38.3%) followed by UK with 1,040,680,000 USD (5.9%). (Unit: 1,000 UDS)

Mobile handset export in 2004 marked 17,678,7900,000 USD, 42.1% up from a year ago. USA was the biggest overseas market for Korean handset manufacturers with a sales value of 6,750,790,000 USD (38.3%) followed by UK with 1,040,680,000 USD (5.9%).

3 . Technology 3.1 CDMA2000 EVDO 3.2 Wibro 3.3 DMB: Satellite & Terrestrial 3.4 3G : WCDMA, HSDPA, CDMA EVDV 3.5 WLAN

3.1 CDMA2000 EVDO

Theoretical maximum speed of EVDO is 2.4Mbps (downstream) on 1.25MHz channel, but practical speed is about 620Kbps, which is already much better than WCDMA. ITU approved EVDO as one of 3G technologies. Services on EVDO are rich multimedia contents. Current EVDO services of SKT and KTF use CDMA20001x network for voice calls and EVDO network for high-speed data service. Comparison between EVDO and other wireless broadband Services Flat Pay as used Pricing 84 cities Nationwide Coverage High speed data Low-medium speed data Service type Service aspects 60Km/h 300Km/h Mobility Partially guaranteed guaranteed guaranteed Not guaranteed QoS 4.9Mbps 2Mbps 2Mbps 153.6Kbps Maximum upstream 18.4Mbps 10Mbps 2Mbps 2.4Mbps Maximum downstream Data only Voice+Data Voice+Data Data only Offered Service 10MHz 5MHz x2 5MHz x2 1.25MHz x2 Bandwidth/FA Technical aspects Wibro HSDPA WCDMA R4 EVDO

Theoretical maximum speed of EVDO is 2.4Mbps (downstream) on 1.25MHz channel, but practical speed is about 620Kbps, which is already much better than WCDMA.

ITU approved EVDO as one of 3G technologies.

Services on EVDO are rich multimedia contents.

Current EVDO services of SKT and KTF use CDMA20001x network for voice calls and EVDO network for high-speed data service.

CDMA2000-1x and CDVMA2000-EVDO Launched in Oct.2000 Voice-oriented protocol + low-speed packet data service Launched in Nov.2002 Data-only network High-speed multimedia data service Qualcomm MSM Dual-Mode chip QoS per media is unavailable BTS BSC MSC HLR Data NW PDSN HA Voice NW CDMA2000-1x CDMA2000-EVDO Data only NW DRL ANTS ANC AN AAA CDMA2000-1x CDMA2000-EVDO PSTN internet

Launched in Oct.2000

Voice-oriented protocol + low-speed packet data service

Launched in Nov.2002

Data-only network

High-speed multimedia data service

Qualcomm MSM Dual-Mode chip

QoS per media is unavailable

3.2 Wibro

What is Wibro? Wibro = Wireless Broadband Internet Service Internet Access Fixed Broadband Mobile Internet WLAN Non-mobile Low speed High tariff Small screen Low coverage Wibro Low fee : 25-30 EUR/month High speed : 3 Mbps Mobile : 60km/h Higher coverage Source: ETRI

Wibro = Wireless Broadband Internet Service

Why Wibro? - - Need another success story after CDMA - Create new jobs - Create exports - Create IPRs & lead international standardization: (lesson from CDMA : 1B Euro import of core chips & annual 400M royalty to Qualcomm ) - New demands are coming from data services - Must create new services to cope with saturation - No churn-out to competitor’s new service & churn-in thru new service - Wants faster, reasonably priced, personalized, seamless, easy-to-use MM services MIC’s perspective User’s perspective Operator’s perspective KISDI outlook, 2004 Wibro Market Outlook, ETRI, Oct., 2003 6.3TKRW Generated exports 4.6TKRW Generated imports 7.4TKRW Created value-adds 18TKRW Generated production 20% 4.8% CAGR 6.4T 11.6T 8.1T 6.3T ’ 08 3.1T 13T 6.7T 6.5T ’ 04 Data Voice Data Voice Wireless Wired

Market Outlook Total accumulated turnover : 17.4 tril KRW (14 bil EUR) - Operators’ turnover : 10.5 tril KRW (83 bil EUR) based on 30000KRW ARPU - Total equipment turnover : 4.3 tril KRW (3.4 bil EUR) Terminal: 1.8 tril KRW (1.4 bil EUR) based on module only System : 2.5 tril KRW (1.9 bil EUR) - Contents : 2.6 tril KRW (2.0 bil EUR) - Total subscriber : 9.6M - KT’s Subscriber : 3.1M - ARPU : 33,000KRW(30EUR) Turnover: 1.2 tril KRW (1 bil Euro) in 2010 for KT itself Accumulated investment : 1.2 tril KRW (1 bil EUR) KT’s Projection by 2010 ETRI’s Projection (2006-2011) Wibro Subscriber Outlook (unit: million people) Source: ETRI 9.02 8.6 7.5 5.72 3.48 1.41 0.266 Accumulated increase 0.455 1.06 1.78 2.24 2.07 1.14 0.266 Net increase T+6 T+5 T+4 T+3 T+2 T+1 Trial

- Total subscriber : 9.6M

- KT’s Subscriber : 3.1M

- ARPU : 33,000KRW(30EUR)

Turnover: 1.2 tril KRW (1 bil Euro) in 2010 for KT itself

Accumulated investment : 1.2 tril KRW (1 bil EUR)

Services / Contents / Price Service launch : by June 2006 at the latest Preferred services :MMS, file transactions, email = add mobility to fixed broadband internet Preferred tariffs : monthly flat at around 30,000KRW (25 Euro) Popular contents : Info search E-mails Games Chatting, Messenger Shopping Stocks Ringtone/coloring Screen background Game Animated image Games Email Search Messenger MMS Fixed Broadband Mobile internet Wibro Business Model Mobile WLAN Broadband Internet Access Wibro e-Mail MMS, LBS Messenger Game M-Commerce MVoIP ASP Value- Added Service

Service launch : by June 2006 at the latest

Preferred services :MMS, file transactions, email = add mobility to fixed broadband internet

Preferred tariffs : monthly flat at around 30,000KRW (25 Euro)

Popular contents :

Wibro Operator : KT (1) Wibro as a core to expand its broadband internet business into wireless broadband and to strengthen its position in convergence business.* Wants to make Wibro compete against SKT’s HSDPA. While SKT does not invest in Wibro, KT budgeted 39 bil KRW (31 mil EUR) for its trial service in Busan during APEC in November 2005. Within KT Group, KT views Wibro as a competing supplementary to HSDPA of KTF. Price Competitiveness Accessibility /Mobility Portability Speed Voice oriented Data dedicated Wibro HSDPA Source: “Easy Wibro”, ETRI, 2005 Lap-top, PDA Metropolitan Mobile phone Smaller cities

Wibro as a core to expand its broadband internet business into wireless broadband and to strengthen its position in convergence business.*

Wants to make Wibro compete against SKT’s HSDPA. While SKT does not invest in Wibro, KT budgeted 39 bil KRW (31 mil EUR) for its trial service in Busan during APEC in November 2005.

Within KT Group, KT views Wibro as a competing supplementary to HSDPA of KTF.

Wibro Operator : KT (2) Plans to launch Wibro over IPv6 trial service during 2H of 2005. Will install 300-400 IPv6-based AP in campuses during 2H 2005. For this, KT will offer IPv6-based ‘ Paran ’ Wibro portal Wibro over IPv6 Price Plans to adopt partial flat rate with various discount policies. 3 types of pricing ; Mania, Saver & Standard, Premium. Initial price for Wibro is estimated to be 15000 – 25000 KRW. Killer Contents MMS, LBS, Games, IP broadcasting (iCOD) are targeted killer apps NW Building July 2005 ; Procurement contract for core equip’t August 2005 : Procurement contract for repeaters September – October 2005 : NW building for trial service at APEC November 2005 : Delivery and installation/optimization of core equipment and repeaters until Feb.2006 January 2006 : Partnership for distribution NW Feb, 2006 : Trial service launch April 2006 : Commercial service launch in Seoul and Busan Plans to invest 200 billion KRW in Wibro during 2H 2005

Plans to launch Wibro over IPv6 trial service during 2H of 2005.

Will install 300-400 IPv6-based AP in campuses during 2H 2005.

For this, KT will offer IPv6-based ‘ Paran ’ Wibro portal

Plans to adopt partial flat rate with various discount policies.

3 types of pricing ; Mania, Saver & Standard, Premium.

Initial price for Wibro is estimated to be 15000 – 25000 KRW.

July 2005 ; Procurement contract for core equip’t

August 2005 : Procurement contract for repeaters

September – October 2005 : NW building for trial service at APEC

November 2005 : Delivery and installation/optimization of core

equipment and repeaters until Feb.2006

January 2006 : Partnership for distribution NW

Feb, 2006 : Trial service launch

April 2006 : Commercial service launch in Seoul and Busan

Plans to invest 200 billion KRW in Wibro during 2H 2005

Wibro Operator : SK Telecom (1) SKT was selected as a Wibro operator in Feb.2005 HSDPA first, and then Wibro comes later as a supplement to HSDPA. Expected investment for Wibro is about 800 bil KRW (64 mil EUR), but no investment plan for 2005. Investment in 2005 goes to WCDMA/HSDPA. Plans for trial service in June 2006 Issued RFP to 7 system vendors including Samsung and LG in June 2005. BMT will be in August 2005. CDR (detailed design review) will be done by yearend. Wibro in Metropolitan Mobile NW & WLAN Q4, ’05 Complete development of Wibro system and terminal Q1, ’06 Production of system, install, optimization Apr, ’06 Trial service Jun, ’06 Commercial service in Seoul. Gradually expand coverage to 84 cities NW building Plan on Wibro

SKT was selected as a Wibro operator in Feb.2005

HSDPA first, and then Wibro comes later as a supplement to HSDPA.

Expected investment for Wibro is about 800 bil KRW (64 mil EUR), but no investment plan for 2005. Investment in 2005 goes to WCDMA/HSDPA.

Plans for trial service in June 2006

Issued RFP to 7 system vendors including Samsung and LG in June 2005. BMT will be in August 2005. CDR (detailed design review) will be done by yearend.

SKT’s Survey & Outlook on Wibro: After Y+5 Total subscriber 9.3 M (market total) Willingness to use 49% is willing to subscribe, but not replacing existing service. Terminal 79% preferred mobile handset type. Location of usage Both outdoor on the move and indoor. Preferred contents Search (74%), email (39%), game (31%) Other entertainment (20%), large size messenger (15%) Killer Contents MMS* SK Telecom focusing on HSDPA Speed WCDMA (R4) with 384(up)-2Mbps(down) speed doesn’t offer service difference from CDMA EVDO. HSDPA can offer 14Mbps at the maximum. Terminal - Mobile phone type handset is preferred by users, giving HSDPA more advantage.* - Manufacturers are more active on HSDPA phone and likely to release 1.8Mbps capable commercial phone by early 2006. Costs HSDPA is mostly a S/W upgrade, with less costs. Mobile TPS HSDPA is easier to realize mobile TPS than DMB or Wibro.

SKT’s Survey & Outlook on Wibro: After Y+5

SK Telecom’s Business Overlap SK Networks SK Communications Widerthan.Com TU Media Wibro HSDPA DMB june/NATE (CDMA) Mobile TV W-internet MMS

Wibro Vs. Other Technology Wibro vs. DMB Wibro vs. Fixed broadband Wibro vs. WLAN Changeable (depending on user number and NW condition Quality 300Km/h 60Km/h Mobility Leisure Every day life style Usage Nationwide Metropolitan Coverage Downstream real time broadcasting service (23 video Ch, 25 audio Ch) IP-based interactive service (NW game, search, animated pictures etc.) Service DMB Wibro Household Individual Subscriber 50-100Mbps/sub on BcN 1Mbps/subscriber Service Fixed broadband Wibro 100m 1Km Cell radius Walking Over 60km/h Mobility Over 1Mbps Over 1Mbps Transmission speed/user Lap-top, HPC Handset, PDA, HPC, lap-top Terminal Hot spots metropolitan Coverage WLAN Wibro

Wibro vs. HSDPA (Technical Aspects) Source: “Easy Wibro”, ETRI, 2005 Data+Voice Data only Offered Service 2Mbps 4.9Mbps Maximum upstream PDA, smart phone Laptop, PDA, HPC, smart phone Terminal 200MKRW/unit 100MKRW/unit Cost for BST National (voice) + 84 cities (data) 84 cities Serviced area Less than 250km/h Less than60km/h Mobility ~4km ~1km Coverage 10.5Mbps 18.4Mbps Average transferable file size/FA Wireless internet connection Wireless broadband internet connection Service Concept HSDPA Wibro

Wibro vs. HSDPA (Service Aspects) Source: “Easy Wibro”, ETRI, 2005 W: fixed internet contents, large size MM files H: voice, small size MM files Internet connection and MMS Contents W: HPC, lap-top H: mobile phone Smart phone, PDA Terminal W: ’20-’30s workers and students H: ’10-’20s students ’ 20-’30s using smart phone type handsets Main customers W: mobility to fixed broadband and larger coverage H: faster data service Internet connection and MMS on the move Customer needs Speed, mobility, coverage Suitable for internet, data services Technical W: based on IP NW H: mobile NW Wireless broadband connection with MMS Service Differences Similarities

Wibro System Concept (source: High-Speed Portable Internet Technology, ETRI, Electronics and Communication Trend, No.18, Vo.6, Dec., 2003 -Narrow guard band & minimize other cell interference -support multiple cell planning -Optimize cell coverage Effective freq. reuse mobility (60km/hour) Handover Full coverage & easy cell planning Maximize spectrum efficiency (bit/Hz/sector) -maximize average cell & user throughput -minimize # of effective active users per sector -Minimize peak to average power ratio -Optimize power amp.output power Lower than 1/10 cost per cellular Low cost -support AMC, H-ARQ -support MIMO (2 stage) -minimize latency 20-50Mbps/10MHz High speed data Supporting technology Goal

Maximize spectrum efficiency (bit/Hz/sector)

-maximize average cell & user throughput

-minimize # of effective active users per sector

-Minimize peak to average power ratio

-Optimize power amp.output power

Wibro System Structure Access Terminal Access Point Access Point Access Point Packet Access Router Packet Access Router Functions of AT : Low power consumption RFIF module and controller - MAC frame control according to frequency environment & service specifications - Handover Authentication and encryption measurement and filtering control Functions of AP: Low power RF/IF module and controller OFDMA/TDD packet scheduling and channel multiplexing MAC frame control according to frequency environment & service specifications Real time control of 50Mbps-level high traffic Handover Functions of PAR : Handover control among Access Points Handover control among Packet Access Routers Authentication Packet Routing Internet Access Functions of AT and AP : -Alteration of 50Mbps packet transfer -Coding of high speed packet channel -Real time modem control

Functions of AT :

Low power consumption RFIF module and controller

- MAC frame control according to frequency environment & service specifications

- Handover

Authentication and encryption

measurement and filtering control

Functions of AP:

Low power RF/IF module and controller

OFDMA/TDD packet scheduling and channel multiplexing

MAC frame control according to frequency environment & service specifications

Real time control of 50Mbps-level high traffic

Handover

Functions of PAR :

Handover control among Access Points

Handover control among Packet Access Routers

Authentication

Packet Routing

Internet Access

3.3 DMB

What is DMB? DMB = Digital Multimedia Broadcasting CD quality audio and multimedia broadcasting and communications services on the mobile through mobile phone, PDA, and other portable terminals Two technologies : Satellite and Terrestrial Satellite Terrestrial 1 Operator 6 Operators Free of charge Monthly fixed fee Subscription fee Advertising Nationwide Seoul and its neighbor cities 2630 – 2655 MHz (UHF) 25MHz VHF Band III : Ch 12 (204~210MHz) Ch 8 (180~186MHz) 12MHz Operators Service Fee Profit Model Initial NW Coverage Bandwidth System E (based on CDM) System A (Eureka 147) Technical Standard Video Compression MPEG4 Advanced Video Coding MPEG4 AVC (H.264) Audio Compression MPGE2 AAC+ MPEG4 BSAC Transmission Capacity 7.68Mbps 6.912Mbps

DMB = Digital Multimedia Broadcasting

CD quality audio and multimedia broadcasting and communications services on the mobile through mobile phone, PDA, and other portable terminals

Two technologies : Satellite and Terrestrial

History of DMB in Korea 1997 MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication) formed a ‘Group for Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting’ to start discussing introduction of DMB 1999 MIC formed a ‘Development Group for Introduction of DAB’ 2000 MIC formed a ‘Task Force for Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting’ 2001 MIC’s Council for Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting adopted ‘Eureka 147’ as a preliminary national standard 12.2002 MIC confirmed ‘Eureka 147’ as the national Terrestrial DMB standard 09.2001 MIC applied for international registration for satellite network with ITU after SK Telecom’s application 11.2001 MIC granted SK Telecom a license for satellite DMB test for 1 year 04.2002 MIC applied for international registration for satellite network with ITU after KT’s application 04.2002 MIC formed a ‘Council for Satellite DAB Standardization’ 07.2002 MIC formed a ‘Group for Satellite DAB Policy’ 04.2003 MIC adopted ‘System E’ requested by SK Telecom as the national satellite DMB technical standard 03.2004 Satellite ‘Han Byol’ was blast-off. Terrestrial DMB Satellite DMB

1997 MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication) formed a ‘Group for Terrestrial Digital Broadcasting’ to start discussing introduction of DMB

1999 MIC formed a ‘Development Group for Introduction of DAB’

2000 MIC formed a ‘Task Force for Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting’

2001 MIC’s Council for Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting adopted ‘Eureka 147’ as a preliminary national standard

12.2002 MIC confirmed ‘Eureka 147’ as the national Terrestrial DMB standard

09.2001 MIC applied for international registration for satellite network with ITU after SK Telecom’s application

11.2001 MIC granted SK Telecom a license for satellite DMB test for 1 year

04.2002 MIC applied for international registration for satellite network with ITU after KT’s application

04.2002 MIC formed a ‘Council for Satellite DAB Standardization’

07.2002 MIC formed a ‘Group for Satellite DAB Policy’

04.2003 MIC adopted ‘System E’ requested by SK Telecom as the national satellite DMB technical standard

03.2004 Satellite ‘Han Byol’ was blast-off.

DMB Market Outlook Keys to Success of DMB Service Induce customers to buy DMB terminals Offer killer applications to create revenue Cooperate among DMB operators, terminal manufacturers, and mobile service operators in order to minimize costs Economic Effect of DMB Service (Unit: billion KRW, 1000 people) Source: Korea Mobile White Paper 2005, NIDA Domestic DMB Terminal Market Outlook (unit: billion KRW) Source: Korea Mobile White Paper 2005, NIDA 48 40.9 31.1 23.1 13.7 6.8 Employment Generated 4,366 (3.5 b EUR) 3,691.7 (2.9 b EUR) 2,788.6 (2.2 b EUR) 2,049.6 (1.6 b EUR) 1,199.5 (952 m EUR) 529.4 (420 m EUR) Production Generated 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 1,320 (1.05 b EUR) 1,253.3 (995 m EUR) 1,069.2 (849 m EUR) 895.1 (710 m EUR) 539.3 (428 m EUR) 266.7 (212 m EUR) Turnover 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

Keys to Success of DMB Service

Induce customers to buy DMB terminals

Offer killer applications to create revenue

Cooperate among DMB operators, terminal manufacturers, and mobile service operators in order to minimize costs

Economic Effect of DMB Service (Unit: billion KRW, 1000 people)

DMB Subscribers Outlook (Unit: million people) Source: SK Telecom and Korea Mobile White Paper 2005

3.3 DMB : Satellite DMB

Introduction 08.2001. SK Telecom signed MoU with Japan’s MBCo. SK Telecom invested 1.2 billion Yen in MBCo acquiring 5.9% of the total shares. With additional investment, SK Telecom’s total investment in MBCo reached 2.7 billion Yen. Trial service January 2005 with 3 video and 6 audio channels. Commercial service May 2005 Number of channels 41 channels as of October 2005 (10 video and 30 audio channels) Mobile service TU Media has service agreement with all 3 mobile operators. Subscribers 100,000 as of end of July, 2005 (93,400 for mobile phone and 6,600 for car terminal) 230,000 as of October 2005 Shareholders of TU SKT 28.5% MBCo 9.5% Partners 44% Financial Institutions 11.3%

Introduction

08.2001. SK Telecom signed MoU with Japan’s MBCo. SK Telecom invested 1.2 billion Yen in MBCo acquiring 5.9% of the total shares. With additional investment, SK Telecom’s total investment in MBCo reached 2.7 billion Yen.

Trial service

January 2005 with 3 video and 6 audio channels.

Commercial service

May 2005

Number of channels

41 channels as of October 2005 (10 video and 30 audio channels)

Mobile service

TU Media has service agreement with all 3 mobile operators.

Subscribers

100,000 as of end of July, 2005 (93,400 for mobile phone and 6,600 for car terminal)

230,000 as of October 2005

Shareholders of TU

SKT 28.5%

MBCo 9.5%

Partners 44%

Financial Institutions 11.3%

Why Satellite DMB? Average monthly voice calls per user : 180 – 190 minutes Average monthly revenue per user : 40,000 KRW (32 EUR) Saturation of mobile voice and ARPU => Nee new revenue source was needed. Business Model Monthly flat fee : 13000KRW (10 EUR) Sales is done by mobile phone/service distributors Bill is integrated with mobile phone bill Market Outlook Mobile phone type DMB terminal is expected to reach 610 billion KRW (484 mil EUR) by 2010, taking 64% of the total domestic DMB terminal market. Vehicle DMB terminal is expected to reach 3.9 million units worth of 580 billion KRW (460 million EUR) by 2010, taking 15% of the total domestic DMB terminal market.

Why Satellite DMB?

Average monthly voice calls per user : 180 – 190 minutes

Average monthly revenue per user : 40,000 KRW (32 EUR)

Saturation of mobile voice and ARPU => Nee new revenue source was needed.

Business Model

Monthly flat fee : 13000KRW (10 EUR)

Sales is done by mobile phone/service distributors

Bill is integrated with mobile phone bill

Market Outlook

Mobile phone type DMB terminal is expected to reach 610 billion KRW (484 mil EUR) by 2010, taking 64% of the total domestic DMB terminal market.

Vehicle DMB terminal is expected to reach 3.9 million units worth of 580 billion KRW (460 million EUR) by 2010, taking 15% of the total domestic DMB terminal market.

Investment by TU Media Investment by SK Telecom and TU Media between 2001 and 2004 4,800 units of Gap Filler were installed as of May 2005. Another 120 billion KRW (95 Mil EUR) was budgeted during 2005 for additional Gap Filler. TU Media’s further investment plan for the next 5 years Contents development 256 bil KRW (203 Mil EUR) Support for broadcasting business 7 bil KRW (5 Mil EUR) Commission to Program Providers 442 bil KRW (351 Mil EUR) Paid-in-capital of TU Media as of May 2005 : 137 billion KRW (109 Mil EUR) Projected break-even point : 2009 TU Media estimates that 2.5 million subscribers is the turning point to make a profit and 5.5 million to break-even. 46 (37 Mil EUR) 124 (98 Mil EUR) 46 (37 Mil EUR) 100.8 (80 Mil EUR) 357 (283 Mil EUR) IT System Gap Filler Broadcasting Center Satellite Total (Bil KRW)

Investment by SK Telecom and TU Media between 2001 and 2004

4,800 units of Gap Filler were installed as of May 2005. Another 120 billion KRW (95 Mil EUR) was budgeted during 2005 for additional Gap Filler.

TU Media’s further investment plan for the next 5 years

Contents development 256 bil KRW (203 Mil EUR)

Support for broadcasting business 7 bil KRW (5 Mil EUR)

Commission to Program Providers 442 bil KRW (351 Mil EUR)

Paid-in-capital of TU Media as of May 2005 : 137 billion KRW (109 Mil EUR)

Projected break-even point : 2009

TU Media estimates that 2.5 million subscribers is the turning point to make a profit and 5.5 million to break-even.

Satellite DMB System Structure Satellite Broadcasting Center Ku Band(13.824~13.883GHz) Send programs Terminal S Band (2.630~2.655GHz) Gap Filler Ku Band (12.21~12.23GHz) S band (25MHz on 2.630~2.655MHz)

Satellite DMB Terminals Success of DMB service leis in releasing popular handsets that will attract mobile subscribers. As customers are not likely to have two mobile handsets, DMB phone must have features that attract mobile phone users. According to SK Telecom’s survey, 56.4% preferred mobile phone type terminal while 24.7% chose PC type terminal, and 12.1% selected vehicle terminals for the DMB terminal. Samsung released the 1 st DMB mobile phone, SCH-B100. The success of commercial DMB service in time was possible because handset manufacturers were willing to take the risk in the early stage. DMB baseband chip for satellite DMB terminal is supplied by Toshiba, LG Electronics, and TelAce (a Korean venture start-up). SPH-B2000 SCH-B200 SCH-B250 SCH-B130 Satellite DMB Phones by Samsung Electronics

Success of DMB service leis in releasing popular handsets that will attract mobile subscribers. As customers are not likely to have two mobile handsets, DMB phone must have features that attract mobile phone users. According to SK Telecom’s survey, 56.4% preferred mobile phone type terminal while 24.7% chose PC type terminal, and 12.1% selected vehicle terminals for the DMB terminal.

Samsung released the 1 st DMB mobile phone, SCH-B100. The success of commercial DMB service in time was possible because handset manufacturers were willing to take the risk in the early stage.

DMB baseband chip for satellite DMB terminal is supplied by Toshiba, LG Electronics, and TelAce (a Korean venture start-up).

Satellite DMB Terminals LG-SB120 IMB 1000 PT-S130 POZ-B300 Satellite DMB Phones by other manufacturers IDC 2100 HDMB 1000 IDC1000 HN3000 SD10 28A Satellite DMB Vehicle Terminals Satellite DMB Portable Terminal

Challenges of Satellite DMB TU does not offer real-time relay of terrestrial broadcasting service at the moment. Korean TV contents are dominate by 3 terrestrial broadcasting companies – KBS, SBS, and MBC. 70% of Cable TV programs (based on view percentage) are relay of terrestrial broadcasting companies’ programs. Therefore, it is a challenge for TU Media to attract them in the service agreement in order to grab more subscribers. Developing mobile phone battery that will last longer to view DMB service longer. Currently it only lasts about 2 & half hours when using DMB service consecutively. Finding business model for data service through DMB. When developing data service through DMB, it is essential to have middleware to integrate with mobile internet and mobile voice service on the mobile phone.

TU does not offer real-time relay of terrestrial broadcasting service at the moment. Korean TV contents are dominate by 3 terrestrial broadcasting companies – KBS, SBS, and MBC. 70% of Cable TV programs (based on view percentage) are relay of terrestrial broadcasting companies’ programs. Therefore, it is a challenge for TU Media to attract them in the service agreement in order to grab more subscribers.

Developing mobile phone battery that will last longer to view DMB service longer. Currently it only lasts about 2 & half hours when using DMB service consecutively.

Finding business model for data service through DMB. When developing data service through DMB, it is essential to have middleware to integrate with mobile internet and mobile voice service on the mobile phone.

3.3 DMB : Terrestrial DMB

Operators 6 Operators : 3 Existing Terrestrial Broadcasters - KBS, MBC, SBS 3 Non-Terrestrial Broadcasters - TYN DMB, Korea DMB, KMMB Initial Service Deployment Seoul and its neighbor cities were selected in March 2005 Frequency band 1.536MHz of frequency band is given to each operator. Commercial service December 2005. Hurdles to terrestrial DMB - too many operators (6) to compete in the small market - huge costs to build Gap Fillers in the shadow areas - lack of terminal distribution channel. - lack of cooperation model with mobile operators Source: Korea Mobile White Paper 2005, NIDA Terrestrial DMB Market Outlook 105.6 (560) 91.6 (72.7) 54.6 (43.3) 37.2 (29.5) 15.4 (12.2) 9.1 (7.2) Turnover (bil KRW, mil EUR) 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005

Operators

6 Operators : 3 Existing Terrestrial Broadcasters - KBS, MBC, SBS

3 Non-Terrestrial Broadcasters - TYN DMB, Korea DMB, KMMB

Initial Service Deployment

Seoul and its neighbor cities were selected in March 2005

Frequency band

1.536MHz of frequency band is given to each operator.

Commercial service

December 2005.

Hurdles to terrestrial DMB

- too many operators (6) to compete in the small market

- huge costs to build Gap Fillers in the shadow areas

- lack of terminal distribution channel.

- lack of cooperation model with mobile operators

Service Structure of Terrestrial DMB T-DMB DAB (Eureka 147) FIC MSC MCI & SI FIDC Audio Service Data Service Video Service TDC EWS Audio PAD NPAD Block Code MPEG4 LIVE TV 2CH Multi CH DLS TDC MOT IP Tunneling TDC MPEG4 A/V MPEG4 Data Broadcast Web Site Interactive Service JPEG Slide Show Source: Easy DMB, ETRI, 2005 FIC: Fast Information Channel MSC : Main Service Channel SI : Service Information FIDC: Fast Information Data Channel MCI: Multiplex Configuration Information TDC : Traffic Message Channel EWS : Emergency Warning System PAD: Program Associated Data NPAD: Non-PAD DLS : Dynamic Label Segment

Data Service over Terrestrial DMB PAD (Program Associated Data) Deliver data in text, picture, or graphics along with Terrestrial DMB’s audio service. Information on song title, singer, song writers, musicians, lyrics, concert schedules, etc. can be seen in text form on the end-users’ terminal. NPAD Data service is done through a separate channel from the video or audio program. BWS (Broadcast Web Site) Transfer the whole of a website using DMB channel, to make it as if surfing a website. EPG (Electronic Program Guide) Transfer program information like the program guide on the newspaper. MOT (Multimedia Object Transfer) Transfer a multimedia object using DMB data channel. Slide Show Show pictures or cartoons is a Slide Show form. DLS (Dynamic Label Segment) Send text information about news, singers, lyrics, emergency, a prompt report, etc. IP Datagram Tunneling Encapsulate a bucket of data in a packet format and transfer it over IP. Paging Using IP Datagram Tunneling, page a certain group of subscribers having addresses through a Web server. TMC (Traffic Message Channel) Transfer traffic information in text while delivering traffic situation in video. EWS (Emergency Warning System) Automatically change channels when national emergency situations happen. TTI (Traffic and Travel Information ) Send traffic information about route and situation in voice, text, and graphics. A driver can send traffic information to a broadcaster’s database server using a return channel, i.e. Wibro. Information about hotel, parking space, etc., can b e sent. DPGS (Differential Global Positioning System) Integrate traffic info and electronic map with location-based information using GPS and send it to car navigation system.

PAD (Program Associated Data)

Deliver data in text, picture, or graphics along with Terrestrial DMB’s audio service. Information on song title, singer, song writers, musicians, lyrics, concert schedules, etc. can be seen in text form on the end-users’ terminal.

NPAD

Data service is done through a separate channel from the video or audio program.

BWS (Broadcast Web Site)

Transfer the whole of a website using DMB channel, to make it as if surfing a website.

EPG (Electronic Program Guide)

Transfer program information like the program guide on the newspaper.

MOT (Multimedia Object Transfer)

Transfer a multimedia object using DMB data channel.

Slide Show

Show pictures or cartoons is a Slide Show form.

DLS (Dynamic Label Segment)

Send text information about news, singers, lyrics, emergency, a prompt report, etc.

IP Datagram Tunneling

Encapsulate a bucket of data in a packet format and transfer it over IP.

Paging

Using IP Datagram Tunneling, page a certain group of subscribers having addresses through a Web server.

TMC (Traffic Message Channel)

Transfer traffic information in text while delivering traffic situation in video.

EWS (Emergency Warning System)

Automatically change channels when national emergency situations happen.

TTI (Traffic and Travel Information )

Send traffic information about route and situation in voice, text, and graphics. A driver can send traffic information to a broadcaster’s database server using a return channel, i.e. Wibro. Information about hotel, parking space, etc., can b e sent.

DPGS (Differential Global Positioning System)

Integrate traffic info and electronic map with location-based information using GPS and send it to car navigation system.

3.4 3G

3G Service in Korea 2 Technical Standards 2 WCDMA operators (SK Telecom and KTF) and 1 CDMA 2000 EVDV operator (LG Telecom) WCDMA Commercial WCDMA service was launched in December 2003 in Seoul and 7 other metropolitans, according to the obligation of the 3G license. As CDMA 2000 EVDO launched in 2002 has the equal or better performance than WCDMA, WCDMA operators (SK Telecom and KTF) have not been active in network deployment and service marketing. WCDMA R4 subscribers : SKT 4,100 + KTF 300 = 4,400 (as of 09.2005) CDMA2000 EVDV As Qualcomm excluded EVDV chip from its roadmap, LG Telecom is unsure about its CDMA2000 EVDV service schedule. However, recently, LGT announced its investment in EVDO rA for next year. HSDPA WCDMA R5 version is called HSDPA. MIC and WCDMA operators agreed to migrate directly to HSDPA.

2 Technical Standards

2 WCDMA operators (SK Telecom and KTF) and 1 CDMA 2000 EVDV operator (LG Telecom)

WCDMA

Commercial WCDMA service was launched in December 2003 in Seoul and 7 other metropolitans, according to the obligation of the 3G license.

As CDMA 2000 EVDO launched in 2002 has the equal or better performance than WCDMA, WCDMA operators (SK Telecom and KTF) have not been active in network deployment and service marketing.

WCDMA R4 subscribers : SKT 4,100 + KTF 300 = 4,400 (as of 09.2005)

CDMA2000 EVDV

As Qualcomm excluded EVDV chip from its roadmap, LG Telecom is unsure about its CDMA2000 EVDV service schedule. However, recently, LGT announced its investment in EVDO rA for next year.

HSDPA

WCDMA R5 version is called HSDPA. MIC and WCDMA operators agreed to migrate directly to HSDPA.

3.4 3G : WCDMA

Source: Easy DMB, ETRI, 2005 Operators do not see service differentiation of WCDMA from EVDO. Due to lack of enthusiasm of the operators, handset manufacturers also do not see the market to develop attractive WCDMA phones. Delay in dual-mode-dual-bandwidth handset : only 3 DBDM handset models were released during 1H 2005 Limitation of Handover between CDMA and WCDMA Limitation of handset battery Expensive handset price Delayed WCDMA Service 2008 1~2Mbps 70Mbps MobileFi (802.20) 2007 1~2Mbps 70Mbps WiMax (802.16e) 2005 300~500Kbps 2~3Mbps OFDM 2006 300~500Kbps 1.3Mbps TD-SCDMA 2005/2006 600~700Kbps 2.4Mbps TD-CDMA 2006 900Kbps 14Mbps HSDPA 2004 300~500Kbps 2Mbps WCDMA 2002/2003 300~500Kbps 2.4Mbps CDMA EVDO Commercialization Practical throughput per subscriber Maximum Technology

Operators do not see service differentiation of WCDMA from EVDO.

Due to lack of enthusiasm of the operators, handset manufacturers also do not see the market to develop attractive WCDMA phones.

Delay in dual-mode-dual-bandwidth handset : only 3 DBDM handset models were released during 1H 2005

Limitation of Handover between CDMA and WCDMA

Limitation of handset battery

Expensive handset price

WCDMA Service in Korea SKT completed development of WCDMA R4 system at the end of 2003 and started a commercial service in Seoul. It released a commercial WCDMA-CDMA handover handset in the beginning of 2005. In order to boost WCDMA service, SKT introduced a ‘Data Free’ monthly flat fee pricing program at the price of 16,000 KRW (12.7 EUR) which is about 30% lower than its CDMA service price. Available Services: Communications : high quality voice (12.2 kbps), interactive video telephony, prepaid intelligent service Messaging : Various MMS, large-sized SMS, Video mailbox Contents : Mobile TV, movie/music download, streaming VOD, phone decoration such as multimedia background picture, ring tone, and avatar, Network game Commerce : Mobile payment (USIM-based credit card /transportation card), m-commerce (stock/banking), lottery, shopping, reservation, etc LBS : real time traffic information Automatic voice and video roaming Investment in WCDMA and HSDPA Source: Operators 410 bil KRW (325) 250 bil KRW (198) 160 bil KRW (127) 2H 2005 300 bil KRW (238) 50 bil KRW (40) KTF 1 tril KRW (794) 600 bil KRW (476) Total 590 bil KRW (468) 540 bil KRW (429) 1H 2005 Total SKT (million EUR)

SKT completed development of WCDMA R4 system at the end of 2003 and started a commercial service in Seoul. It released a commercial WCDMA-CDMA handover handset in the beginning of 2005.

In order to boost WCDMA service, SKT introduced a ‘Data Free’ monthly flat fee pricing program at the price of 16,000 KRW (12.7 EUR) which is about 30% lower than its CDMA service price.

Available Services:

Communications : high quality voice (12.2 kbps), interactive video telephony, prepaid intelligent service

Messaging : Various MMS, large-sized SMS, Video mailbox

Contents : Mobile TV, movie/music download, streaming VOD, phone decoration such as multimedia background picture, ring tone, and avatar, Network game

Commerce : Mobile payment (USIM-based credit card /transportation card), m-commerce (stock/banking), lottery, shopping, reservation, etc

LBS : real time traffic information

Automatic voice and video roaming

3.4 3G : HSDPA

Commercial service launch March 2006 SKT’s Plan Build HSDPA NW by end of 2005 Interoperability test between terminal and NW in Jan.2006 Launch commercial service in March 2006. Provided that Qualcomm’s HSDPA chipset MSM6280 that supports 7.2Mbps is released by Nov.2005. Develop DBDM (dual-band-dual-mode) HSDPA handset with Samsung, LG, and Pantech next year. Likely to adopt a monthly flat rate (similar to or lower than EVDO) in the beginning to activate the market Attract between 200,000 - 500,000 HSDPA subscribers by the end of 2006. KTF’s Plan Plans to sell HSDPA phones during 2H of 2006 and attract 200,000 minimum and 500,000 maximum HSDPA subscriber. HSDPA R&D Samsung and LG are developing HSDPA chip and system. LGE has developed Base Station modem ASIC that supports 14Mbps. Agilent and Anritsu are developing measurement equipment for HSDPA R&D HSDPA LG’s HSDPA Base Station modem

Commercial service launch

March 2006

SKT’s Plan

Build HSDPA NW by end of 2005

Interoperability test between terminal and NW in Jan.2006

Launch commercial service in March 2006.

Provided that Qualcomm’s HSDPA chipset MSM6280 that supports 7.2Mbps is released by Nov.2005.

Develop DBDM (dual-band-dual-mode) HSDPA handset with Samsung, LG, and Pantech next year.

Likely to adopt a monthly flat rate (similar to or lower than EVDO) in the beginning to activate the market

Attract between 200,000 - 500,000 HSDPA subscribers by the end of 2006.

KTF’s Plan

Plans to sell HSDPA phones during 2H of 2006 and attract 200,000 minimum and 500,000 maximum HSDPA subscriber.

HSDPA R&D

Samsung and LG are developing HSDPA chip and system. LGE has developed Base Station modem ASIC that supports 14Mbps.

Agilent and Anritsu are developing measurement equipment for HSDPA R&D

3.4 3G : CDMA2000 EVDV

CDMA2000 EVDV EVDO rA EVDV Operator : LG Telecom Now that Qualcomm and other chip-makers excluded EVDV chipset from its development roadmap, LG Telecom announced that it would replace EVDV with EVDO rA. LGT plans to build EVDO-rA system from the end of 2005. Service Launch : 2H 20006 EVDO-rA is a upgraded system of EVDO-r0 SKT and KTF offer currently. Using 1.25Mbps channel (FA), EVDO-rA can realize 3.1Mbps (downstream is 1.8Mbps) of transmission speed. Downstream of rA is 10 times faster then r0.

EVDV Operator : LG Telecom

Now that Qualcomm and other chip-makers excluded EVDV chipset from its development roadmap, LG Telecom announced that it would replace EVDV with EVDO rA.

LGT plans to build EVDO-rA system from the end of 2005.

Service Launch : 2H 20006

EVDO-rA is a upgraded system of EVDO-r0 SKT and KTF offer currently. Using 1.25Mbps channel (FA), EVDO-rA can realize 3.1Mbps (downstream is 1.8Mbps) of transmission speed. Downstream of rA is 10 times faster then r0.

3.5 WLAN

Wireless LAN Source: MIC Operators : KT, Hanaro Technical standard : IEEE 802.11b Bandwidth : 2.4GHz Wi-Fi certified WLAN Card and MAC-based authentication Data transmission speed : maximum 11Mbps, average 3~5Mbps within 100M from an AP Major WLAN equipment suppliers (WLAN card, AP, and Bridge): Samsung Electronics, Acrowave, IP One (SK Telecom), Avaya Korea, 3Com, Agere Sytems Korea, Intel Korea Nespot Swing, a bundling service between WLAN and CDMA NW by KT, has 98,000 subscribers as of 11.05 Recently, WLAN is adopted in Sony Play Station and MP3 Phones. With development of DBDM, WLAN and Wibro will be converged in to one terminal in the future WLAN Subscribers VoIP over WLAN + CDMA (or HSDPA) is under development by KT and Samsung

Operators : KT, Hanaro

Technical standard : IEEE 802.11b

Bandwidth : 2.4GHz

Wi-Fi certified WLAN Card and MAC-based authentication

Data transmission speed : maximum 11Mbps, average 3~5Mbps within 100M from an AP

Major WLAN equipment suppliers (WLAN card, AP, and Bridge): Samsung Electronics, Acrowave, IP One (SK Telecom), Avaya Korea, 3Com, Agere Sytems Korea, Intel Korea

4 . Future Technology 4.1 4G 4.2 UWB 4.3 MIMO 4.4 Handover UWB,4G( plans for allocating 4G frequencies), MIMO, Handover Issue

4.1 4G

4G In the 4G, data can be transmitted at the speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1G while not moving. MIC selected 4G as one the 10 new growth engines in 2003 Government, Industry, and Academia jointly work on 4G regarding development of source technology and standardization. In the center of it, ETRI, the central State-funded R&D organization in the telecommunications, has been developing 4G broadband wireless packet transmission technology since 2002. Goal, Strategy, and Timetable : 2005 Develop commercial WiBro products Develop 100Mbps-level Wireless Transmission Test System 2007 Develop 3G Evolution prototypes 2010 Develop 4G mobile communications source technologies By 2010, the next generation mobile communications market is expected to create 103 trillion KRW (817 million EUR) in production. Handover among various networks is critical in order to realize 4G. Frequency spectrum under review for 4G : Korea & Europe 2700-5860MHz USA 698-806MHz Japan 3400-4200, 4400-4900MHz Industry in Korea expects 4G spectrum to be allocated from 2007 and commercialized from 2010.

In the 4G, data can be transmitted at the speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1G while not moving.

MIC selected 4G as one the 10 new growth engines in 2003

Government, Industry, and Academia jointly work on 4G regarding development of source technology and standardization. In the center of it, ETRI, the central State-funded R&D organization in the telecommunications, has been developing 4G broadband wireless packet transmission technology since 2002.

Goal, Strategy, and Timetable :

2005 Develop commercial WiBro products

Develop 100Mbps-level Wireless Transmission Test System

2007 Develop 3G Evolution prototypes

2010 Develop 4G mobile communications source technologies

By 2010, the next generation mobile communications market is expected to create 103 trillion KRW (817 million EUR) in production.

Handover among various networks is critical in order to realize 4G.

Frequency spectrum under review for 4G :

Korea & Europe 2700-5860MHz

USA 698-806MHz

Japan 3400-4200, 4400-4900MHz

Industry in Korea expects 4G spectrum to be allocated from 2007 and commercialized from 2010.

Technology Development in ‘Beyond 3G’ R&D in 4G Mobile Communications Technology By 2007, develop packet wireless transmission technology, test system, and related wireless LAN technology that allows 100Mbps speed. Core R&D areas for this are broadband wireless transmission technology, broadband wireless LAN technology, and mobile soft network technology. -ALL-IP-based base station technology -4G mobile handset platform technology Mobile soft network -Wireless transmission / access spec for next generation wireless LAN -Next generation wireless LAN modem and RF technology Next generation broadband wireless LAN Broadband packet wireless transmission/access spec Broadband wireless transmission modem Smart antenna, MIMO, MUD, High efficiency modulator Wideband RF components technology Broadband wireless transmission 4G Mobile Component Technology Core R&D Area

R&D in 4G Mobile Communications Technology

By 2007, develop packet wireless transmission technology, test system, and related wireless LAN technology that allows 100Mbps speed. Core R&D areas for this are broadband wireless transmission technology, broadband wireless LAN technology, and mobile soft network technology.

Broadband packet wireless transmission/access spec

Broadband wireless transmission modem

Smart antenna, MIMO, MUD, High efficiency modulator

Wideband RF components technology

Technology Development in ‘Beyond 3G’ Intelligent Converged Mobile Terminal Technology In the next generation mobile communication, mobile terminal must support multiple modes and high performance. Ultra small/ultra low power consuming component technology Bio recognition technology Self recharging technology Intelligent Mobile Terminal Component Technology Intelligent micro browser technology small/low power consuming game engine technology small/low power consuming media processor technology Converged Mobile Terminal Component Technology Intelligent Converged Mobile Terminal Component Technology Core R&D Area

Intelligent Converged Mobile Terminal Technology

In the next generation mobile communication, mobile terminal must support multiple modes and high performance.

Ultra small/ultra low power consuming component technology

Bio recognition technology

Self recharging technology

Intelligent micro browser technology

small/low power consuming game engine technology

small/low power consuming media processor technology

Technology Development in ‘Beyond 3G’ Core Parts Technology for Multimedia Human-Friendly Mobile Terminal Develop core source technology and core parts such as digital camera module, music source parts for multimedia mobile terminals. For this, develop SoC parts technology and SoI (Silicon-on-Insulator) technology. Voice/text recognition and switch chip Video/Visual recognition and switch chip Bio recognition sensor Self recharge device Human-Friendly Mobile Terminal Parts Technology DVD-quality MPEG4 codec VGA CCD sensor for mobile phone Codec for sound effect and voice processing 32bit A/D, D/A one-chip multimedia processor Multimedia Mobile Terminal Parts Technology Core Parts Technology for Multimedia Human-Friendly Mobile Terminal Component Technology Core R&D Area

Core Parts Technology for Multimedia Human-Friendly Mobile Terminal

Develop core source technology and core parts such as digital camera module, music source parts for multimedia mobile terminals. For this, develop SoC parts technology and SoI (Silicon-on-Insulator) technology.

Voice/text recognition and switch chip

Video/Visual recognition and switch chip

Bio recognition sensor

Self recharge device

DVD-quality MPEG4 codec

VGA CCD sensor for mobile phone

Codec for sound effect and voice processing

32bit A/D, D/A one-chip

multimedia processor

Technology Development in Beyond 3G Ultra Low Power Consuming RF/HW/SW Module Technology for Mobile Terminal Develop technology for low power consuming RF/HW/SW that prolongs the life of battery 100 times RF/HW/SW integration for power saving Power saving in multimedia communication protocol, system SW, Application SW HW integration (SoC) and low power consumption technology Integration of analogue device and communication signal processing module and low power consumption technology Integration of Wideband RF devices (MMIC) and low power consumption technolgoy Ultra Low Power Consuming RF/HW/SW module technology for mobile terminal Ultra Low Power Consumption Technology for Mobile Terminal Component Technology Core R&D Area

Ultra Low Power Consuming RF/HW/SW Module Technology for Mobile Terminal

Develop technology for low power consuming RF/HW/SW that prolongs the life of battery 100 times

RF/HW/SW integration for power saving

Power saving in multimedia communication protocol, system SW, Application SW

HW integration (SoC) and low power consumption technology

Integration of analogue device and communication signal processing module and low power consumption technology

Integration of Wideband RF devices (MMIC) and low power consumption technolgoy

4.2 UWB (Ultra Wide Band)

R&D of UWB in Korea UWB Chipset R&D in Korea Other R&D Players in the UWB in Korea ETRI Has been developing both MB-OFDM and DS-CDMA chipsets since 02. 2002 Completed development and test of MB-OFDM chipset in 09.2005 Plans to make a demo for 220Mbps in 11.200 Plans to complete development of DS-CDMA chipset by the yearend SAIT SAIT works with ETRI for MB-OFDM Samsung is a founding member of MBOA and Wireless USB Promoter Group Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Korea Electronics Technology Institute Radio Research Laboratory Impulse signal generator Designing chipset for UWB modem Regulation of Korean UWB industry & Measurements of UWB signals

UWB Chipset R&D in Korea

Other R&D Players in the UWB in Korea

Has been developing both MB-OFDM and DS-CDMA chipsets since 02. 2002

Completed development and test of MB-OFDM chipset in 09.2005

Plans to make a demo for 220Mbps in 11.200

Plans to complete development of DS-CDMA chipset by the yearend

SAIT works with ETRI for MB-OFDM

Samsung is a founding member of MBOA and Wireless USB Promoter Group

UWB-related Patent Number of UWB-related patents that have been registered and opened to public as of April 2003 in Korea, Japan, Europe, and USA. Of the 24 patents of Korea in the UWB, about 50% is patented by foreign companies. Korea’s UWB technology falls behind compared to Japan and USA However, Samsung is very active in standardization of UWB within the IEEE 802.15 working group Korean government, public R&D Centers, and private companies are actively pursuing UWB technology and commercialization

Of the 24 patents of Korea in the UWB, about 50% is patented by foreign companies.

Korea’s UWB technology falls behind compared to Japan and USA

However, Samsung is very active in standardization of UWB within the IEEE 802.15 working group

Korean government, public R&D Centers, and private companies are actively pursuing UWB technology and commercialization

Current Status of UWB in Korea Frequency allocation for UWB in Korea - MIC and ETRI plans to draw a Korean UWB frequency allocation policy by the yearend - ETRI obtained a permission from MIC for UWB test center at the frequency spectrum of 3.1~10.6GHz - MIC granted Korea UWB Forum together with Home Network industry a permission to use test frequency spectrum at 3.1~5GHz Working Groups in Korea - Korea UWB Forum : About 70 companies are working in the Forum under the MIC to work out standardization and frequency use and policy for UWB - UWB Industrial Application Standardization Forum under the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy Companies in the UWB forefront - Samsung Electronics : UWB chipset, modem terminal, and other component technologies for digital convergence and Home Networking. A trial mobile phone and wireless TV adopted FreeScale’s chipset - LG Electronics : Developing digital devices including mobile phones ported with UWB chips from 2005 Commercialization of UWB chipset in Korea Current status is showing only a possibility of commercialization. Commercially working UWB chipset products can be released from early 2007 at the earliest, according to ETRI International Cooperation among Korea, Japan, and China on UWB is under way

Frequency allocation for UWB in Korea

- MIC and ETRI plans to draw a Korean UWB frequency allocation policy by the yearend

- ETRI obtained a permission from MIC for UWB test center at the frequency spectrum of 3.1~10.6GHz

- MIC granted Korea UWB Forum together with Home Network industry a permission to use test frequency spectrum at 3.1~5GHz

Working Groups in Korea

- Korea UWB Forum : About 70 companies are working in the Forum under the MIC to work out standardization and frequency use and policy for UWB

- UWB Industrial Application Standardization Forum under the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy

Companies in the UWB forefront

- Samsung Electronics : UWB chipset, modem terminal, and other component technologies for digital convergence and Home Networking. A trial mobile phone and wireless TV adopted FreeScale’s chipset

- LG Electronics : Developing digital devices including mobile phones ported with UWB chips from 2005

Commercialization of UWB chipset in Korea

Current status is showing only a possibility of commercialization. Commercially working UWB chipset products can be released from early 2007 at the earliest, according to ETRI

International Cooperation among Korea, Japan, and China on UWB is under way

4.3 MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)

MIMO Samsung who is most active in 4G standardization has about 220 4G-related patents. Samsung hires 165 R&D engineers specialized in 4G and plans to 420 bil KRW in 4G. 40 employees of Samsung (125 in Korea and 40 overseas) are actively participating in 4G international standardization activities. In line with this, Samsung is developing core technologies such as MIMO, OFDMA, MC-CDMA, OFDAM, Error Correction in order to acquire 4G-related IPRs. LG Electronics is developing MIMO jointly with Stanford University of USA. IT-SoC Design Technology Lab of Yonsei University developed next generation WLAN chip at the speed of 250~500Mbps. In the process of the chip development, the Lab acquired 2 patents in MIMO and OFDM technologies. Samsung, LG, and ETRI are expected to release next generation mobile communication system design adopting OFDM and MIMO during 2H of 2006. Wibro already adopts OFDM as a core technology. MIMO technology is to be adopted when Wibro service is commercially available as a natural technological evolution. In June 2005, Wibro 2 nd phase standards that enables 50Mbps downstream were fixed. Wibro 2 nd phase standards specify MIMO and smart antenna. Nortel plans to release HSUPA using MIMO and OFDMA in 2007-2008. In June, 2005, Samsung released a lap-top computer with WLAN card adopting MIMO (Sense X20 –insert a picture) which is 4 times faster than existing products.

Samsung who is most active in 4G standardization has about 220 4G-related patents. Samsung hires 165 R&D engineers specialized in 4G and plans to 420 bil KRW in 4G. 40 employees of Samsung (125 in Korea and 40 overseas) are actively participating in 4G international standardization activities. In line with this, Samsung is developing core technologies such as MIMO, OFDMA, MC-CDMA, OFDAM, Error Correction in order to acquire 4G-related IPRs.

LG Electronics is developing MIMO jointly with Stanford University of USA.

IT-SoC Design Technology Lab of Yonsei University developed next generation WLAN chip at the speed of 250~500Mbps. In the process of the chip development, the Lab acquired 2 patents in MIMO and OFDM technologies.

Samsung, LG, and ETRI are expected to release next generation mobile communication system design adopting OFDM and MIMO during 2H of 2006.

Wibro already adopts OFDM as a core technology. MIMO technology is to be adopted when Wibro service is commercially available as a natural technological evolution.

In June 2005, Wibro 2 nd phase standards that enables 50Mbps downstream were fixed. Wibro 2 nd phase standards specify MIMO and smart antenna.

Nortel plans to release HSUPA using MIMO and OFDMA in 2007-2008.

In June, 2005, Samsung released a lap-top computer with WLAN card adopting MIMO (Sense X20 –insert a picture) which is 4 times faster than existing products.

4.4 Handover

Handover Issue Handover is one of the main issues that hinders WCDMA in Korea. Mobile operators and handset manufacturers have come to an agreement on the Handover technology IPRs. Samsung, LG, and KTF agreed on cross license regarding the Handover technology. ETRI and TTA will work on the national standardization for WCDMA Handover technology KTF announced in August 2005 that it would develop, together with Agilent, a chipset supporting, specifically, Handover. Only Voice Handover function has been commercialized. Development of Data handover technology will be completed next year. There is a strong demand for Handover technology in Korea. Handover is essential in deploying not only CDMA2000 and WCDMA in the short-term, but also Wibro and HSDPA which are bridging 3G and 4G in the mid-to-long term. Currently, there is no standards fixed for CDMA-WCDMA Handover and Wibro-HSDPA Handover. Handover-related patents in the terminal area by Korean companies such as SK Telecom amount to 40 (as of April 2005). When network system is included, the number reaches about 80 to 90.

Handover is one of the main issues that hinders WCDMA in Korea.

Mobile operators and handset manufacturers have come to an agreement on the Handover technology IPRs. Samsung, LG, and KTF agreed on cross license regarding the Handover technology. ETRI and TTA will work on the national standardization for WCDMA Handover technology

KTF announced in August 2005 that it would develop, together with Agilent, a chipset supporting, specifically, Handover.

Only Voice Handover function has been commercialized. Development of Data handover technology will be completed next year.

There is a strong demand for Handover technology in Korea. Handover is essential in deploying not only CDMA2000 and WCDMA in the short-term, but also Wibro and HSDPA which are bridging 3G and 4G in the mid-to-long term. Currently, there is no standards fixed for CDMA-WCDMA Handover and Wibro-HSDPA Handover.

Handover-related patents in the terminal area by Korean companies such as SK Telecom amount to 40 (as of April 2005). When network system is included, the number reaches about 80 to 90.

Handset with Handover Samsung Electronics Only Samsung has so far released DBDM handsets for domestic market. By 1H of 2005, only 3 DBDM WCDM mobile phone models were released by Samsung. Samsung W-120 (insert picture) Released in March 2005 Samsung is developing Wibro terminal with Handover that supports internet at 120Km/h moving speed. LG and Pantech LGE and Pantech will release DBDM phone early 2006 System with Handover Samsung and POSData are developing Wibro system to support Handover Samsung SCH-W120 1.3M pixel digital camera PM3 player Handover Video mailbox 64 Poly-sound

Samsung Electronics

Only Samsung has so far released DBDM handsets for domestic market. By 1H of 2005, only 3 DBDM WCDM mobile phone models were released by Samsung.

Samsung W-120 (insert picture) Released in March 2005

Samsung is developing Wibro terminal with Handover that supports internet at 120Km/h moving speed.

LG and Pantech

LGE and Pantech will release DBDM phone early 2006

System with Handover

Samsung and POSData are developing Wibro system to support Handover

1.3M pixel digital camera

PM3 player

Handover

Video mailbox

64 Poly-sound

5 . R&D 5.1 Public Sector R&D Activities 5.2 Private Sector R&D Activities 5.3 R esearch in Optimizing the Use of Frequency Spectrum

5.1 Public Sector R&D Activities

Budget for Public Sector R&D Activities National Budget for Public R&D Activities (Unit: Trillion KRW) Financing of the public R&D activities for 2006 - government’s budget (from tax) 8,703 bil KRW (6.9 bil EUR) - national bond 270 bil KRW (214 mil EUR) Main support areas for 2006 : Mega projects that have large economic effect - Next generation ‘growth engine’ - 21th century frontier business - Venture start-up - Commercialization of mega R&D projects Main mission for 2006 (1) Strengthen development of source technology 1.45 tril KRW (1.15 bil EUR), 21.3% of the total, for basic and source technology in 2005 1.73 tril KRW (1.37 bil EUR), 23.6% of the total, basic and source technology in 2006 (2) Raise creative human resources in high and core technology 403.5 bil KRW (320 mil EUR), 132% increase from 2005 11.2 (8.9 bil EUR) 2009 9.2% Growth/annum 10.3 (8.2 bil EUR) 8.97 (7.1 bil EUR) 7.8 (6.2 bil EUR) 2008 2006 2005

National Budget for Public R&D Activities (Unit: Trillion KRW)

Financing of the public R&D activities for 2006

- government’s budget (from tax) 8,703 bil KRW (6.9 bil EUR)

- national bond 270 bil KRW (214 mil EUR)

Main support areas for 2006 : Mega projects that have large economic effect

- Next generation ‘growth engine’ - 21th century frontier business

- Venture start-up - Commercialization of mega R&D projects

Main mission for 2006

(1) Strengthen development of source technology

1.45 tril KRW (1.15 bil EUR), 21.3% of the total, for basic and source technology in 2005

1.73 tril KRW (1.37 bil EUR), 23.6% of the total, basic and source technology in 2006

(2) Raise creative human resources in high and core technology

403.5 bil KRW (320 mil EUR), 132% increase from 2005

Government’s Support for SMEs’ Innovative R&D in 2006 5 New Technologies in 2005 Total budget for supporting SMES’ Innovative R&D in 2006 is 12.4 trillion KRW (9.84 billion EUR), 4.5% growth from 2005 State-funded R&D organizations selected 5 new technologies to be focused for 2005 (1) UWB for Digital Home (being developed by ETRI) (2) Fab production line system for next generation semiconductor (by KBSI) (3) ‘Arirang II’, multi-purpose commercial satellite (4) New concept electronic devices (by KIST) (5) Single molecule and single cell control technology (KRISS) 54.2% 46.3 (37) Expansion of Industrial Innovation Cluster 25% 18.6 (15) Consulting form SMEs 14.6% 165.8 (131) Development of Innovative Technology Growth from 2005 (%) Budget for 2006 (bil KRW, mil EUR)

Government’s Support for SMEs’ Innovative R&D in 2006

Total budget for supporting SMES’ Innovative R&D in 2006 is 12.4 trillion KRW (9.84 billion EUR), 4.5% growth from 2005

State-funded R&D organizations selected 5 new technologies to be focused for 2005

(1) UWB for Digital Home (being developed by ETRI)

(2) Fab production line system for next generation semiconductor (by KBSI)

(3) ‘Arirang II’, multi-purpose commercial satellite

(4) New concept electronic devices (by KIST)

(5) Single molecule and single cell control technology (KRISS)

10 Mega Public R&D Projects, 1989-2004 Investments in 10 mega public R&D projects between 1989-2004 : 2.7 tril KRW (2.1 bil EUR) 245.2 bil KRW (194.6 mil EUR) 1997-2004 Innovative R&D Promotion 224.2 bil KRW (178 mil EUR) 1994-2000 Multipurpose Commercial Satellite 210.1 bil KRW (166.7 mil EUR) 1996-2002 KTX (Korea Train Express) Technology 356.5 bil KRW (283 mil EUR) 1992-2001 Environmental Engineering Technology 265.6 bil KRW (211 mil EUR) 1999-2004 Civil-Military Multipurpose Technology 155.2 bil KRW (123 mil EUR) 1992-1997 New Medicine and New Pesticide Technology 648 bil KRW (514 mil EUR) 1997-2004 Building of Techno Park 194.6 bil KRW (154 mil EUR) 1993-1996 Next Generation Semiconductor 182.4 bil KRW (145 mil EUR) 1995-2001 Next Generation TFT LCD 219 bil KRW (174 mil EUR) 1989-1996 Commercialization of CDMA technology Investment Period Project

Investments in 10 mega public R&D projects between 1989-2004 :

2.7 tril KRW (2.1 bil EUR)

Major Public R&D Centers ETRI ( www.etri.re.kr ) The leading State-funded R&D organization in Korea. Main R&D Area : (1) Basic Research (2) Future Technology (3) Mobile Communications (4) Digital Broadcasting (5) Digital Home (6) Intelligent Robot (7) Telematics-USN (8) BcN (9) Digital Contents (10) Information Security (11) IT Service (12) Embedded Software KETI( www.keti.re.kr ) KETI organizes the overall development of key electronic components and systems Main R&D Area : (1) Electronic Components Materials - Electronic Materials & Packaging - Wireless Components &Telecommunications - Information Display - Artificial Intelligence & Mechatronics - Reliability & Failure Analysis (2) Nano Fusion Technology - Nano mechatronics - Nano scale quantum devices - Nano tech based information & energy storage - Nano Bio (3) Digital Convergence - SoC - Digital Media - Ubiquitous Computing - Intelligent IT System - DxB-Communication Convergence - Wireless Network

ETRI ( www.etri.re.kr )

The leading State-funded R&D organization in Korea.

Main R&D Area :

(1) Basic Research

(2) Future Technology

(3) Mobile Communications

(4) Digital Broadcasting

(5) Digital Home

(6) Intelligent Robot

(7) Telematics-USN

(8) BcN

(9) Digital Contents

(10) Information Security

(11) IT Service

(12) Embedded Software

KETI( www.keti.re.kr )

KETI organizes the overall development of key electronic components and systems

Main R&D Area :

(1) Electronic Components Materials

- Electronic Materials & Packaging

- Wireless Components &Telecommunications

- Information Display

- Artificial Intelligence & Mechatronics

- Reliability & Failure Analysis

(2) Nano Fusion Technology

- Nano mechatronics

- Nano scale quantum devices

- Nano tech based information & energy storage

- Nano Bio

(3) Digital Convergence

- SoC

- Digital Media

- Ubiquitous Computing

- Intelligent IT System

- DxB-Communication Convergence

- Wireless Network

Major Public R&D Centers RRL ( www.rrl.go.kr ) RRL’s focused research area is the development of radio wave resources including interference analysis, the protection of radio wave environment, and technical regulations for IT equipment, in particular the development of new policies of radio technologies. RRL also issues certificates of type approval for information and communication equipment. Main R&D Area (1) Radio Wave Resources (2) Radio Environment and Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Safety Standards (3) Technical Regulations on telecommunications, radio-communication and broadcasting. (4) Radio Wave Environment Forecast KERI ( www.keri.re.kr ) Main R&D Area (1) Electric Power - Power system - Instrumentation & Control - Electrical Environment & Transmission - Underground System (2) Industry Applications (3) Advanced materials & Application (4) Testing & Evaluation (5) Electrical Testing & Research

RRL ( www.rrl.go.kr )

RRL’s focused research area is the development of radio wave resources including interference analysis, the protection of radio wave environment, and technical regulations for IT equipment, in particular the development of new policies of radio technologies. RRL also issues certificates of type approval for information and communication equipment.

Main R&D Area

(1) Radio Wave Resources

(2) Radio Environment and Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Safety Standards

(3) Technical Regulations on telecommunications, radio-communication and broadcasting.

(4) Radio Wave Environment Forecast

KERI ( www.keri.re.kr )

Main R&D Area

(1) Electric Power

- Power system

- Instrumentation & Control

- Electrical Environment & Transmission

- Underground System

(2) Industry Applications

(3) Advanced materials & Application

(4) Testing & Evaluation

(5) Electrical Testing & Research

Major Public R&D Centers IITA ( www.iita.re.kr ) One of the core State-funded organization in IT839. Main functions (1) IT R&D Planning and Assessment (2) IT Information Service (3) Technology Transfer Service (4) IT Human Resources Development (5) Fund Management 3 Main business IITA is pursuing in 2005 and its budget: (1) Support and R&D for IT839 : 633.7 bil KRW (2) Human Resource Development : 107.8 bil KRW (3) Financial Support for SME & venture start-ups’ R&D : 26 bil KRW KIST ( www.kist.re.kr ) Main R&D Area : (1) Future Technology (2) Materials Science and Technology (3) Systems Technology (4) Environment & Process Technology (5) Life Science Technology KIST has two types of programs: Institutional and Governmental (1) Institutional Program focusing on core technologies for the future demand - Nano devices/microelectronics technology - Intelligent Human Computer Interaction - Micro system - Bio-active lead compounds - Sustainable environment technology (2) Government Program

IITA ( www.iita.re.kr )

One of the core State-funded organization in IT839.

Main functions

(1) IT R&D Planning and Assessment

(2) IT Information Service

(3) Technology Transfer Service

(4) IT Human Resources Development

(5) Fund Management

3 Main business IITA is pursuing in 2005 and its budget:

(1) Support and R&D for IT839 : 633.7 bil KRW

(2) Human Resource Development : 107.8 bil KRW

(3) Financial Support for SME & venture start-ups’ R&D : 26 bil KRW

KIST ( www.kist.re.kr )

Main R&D Area :

(1) Future Technology

(2) Materials Science and Technology

(3) Systems Technology

(4) Environment & Process Technology

(5) Life Science Technology

KIST has two types of programs: Institutional and Governmental

(1) Institutional Program focusing on core technologies for the future demand

- Nano devices/microelectronics technology

- Intelligent Human Computer Interaction

- Micro system

- Bio-active lead compounds

- Sustainable environment technology

(2) Government Program

Major Public R&D Centers KRISS ( www.kriss.re.kr ) KRISS participates in a wide range of R&D projects relating to standards as well as measurement science and technology. Main Functions - Establishment of National Measurement Standards - R&D on Measurement Science - Dissemination of National Measurement Standards Current Main R&D Area : - Basic Research Projects Funded by Government: * establishment of national measurement standards and mutual recognition of national measurement standards * development of applied technologies for measurement science * dissemination of national measurement standards * improvement of the reliability of industrial measurement standards - Contracted Research Projects with the Ministries of Government * high-temperature superconductor technology * establishment of vacuum technology infrastructure * development of man-made disaster prevention technology * microstructure technology * testing and evaluation technology for mechanical properties of ceramics * standardization of nano-measurement technology * infrastructure of measurement standards for thermal properties - Contracted Research Projects with Other Government Agencies and Industries * metrology for 50nm * standardization of thin film measurement technology using spectroscopic ellipsometer * development of reference system for calibration of Alpa, Beta emitting CRMs

KRISS ( www.kriss.re.kr )

KRISS participates in a wide range of R&D projects relating to standards as well as measurement science and technology.

Main Functions

- Establishment of National Measurement Standards

- R&D on Measurement Science

- Dissemination of National Measurement Standards

Current Main R&D Area :

- Basic Research Projects Funded by Government:

* establishment of national measurement standards and mutual recognition of national measurement standards

* development of applied technologies for measurement science

* dissemination of national measurement standards

* improvement of the reliability of industrial measurement standards

- Contracted Research Projects with the Ministries of Government

* high-temperature superconductor technology

* establishment of vacuum technology infrastructure

* development of man-made disaster prevention technology

* microstructure technology

* testing and evaluation technology for mechanical properties of ceramics

* standardization of nano-measurement technology

* infrastructure of measurement standards for thermal properties

- Contracted Research Projects with Other Government Agencies and Industries

* metrology for 50nm

* standardization of thin film measurement technology using spectroscopic ellipsometer

* development of reference system for calibration of Alpa, Beta emitting CRMs

Coordination of R&D activities In 2004, the government introduced Project Managers for each new growth engine sector and a Planning Evaluation Commercialization & Marketing (PECoM) system that can standardize and manage the entire R&D process. PMs manage the entire process of the project from planning to commercialization with an aim to generate more successful R&D results and to increase synergistic effects between the government and the private sector. Focus of PECoM is from progress management to the overall process of project planning, evaluation, and follow-up. The government will continue to engage in international joint research to develop core source technologies by attracting advanced foreign R&D centers from the global companies like IBM, Fraunhofer and Intel

In 2004, the government introduced Project Managers for each new growth engine sector and a Planning Evaluation Commercialization & Marketing (PECoM) system that can standardize and manage the entire R&D process.

PMs manage the entire process of the project from planning to commercialization with an aim to generate more successful R&D results and to increase synergistic effects between the government and the private sector.

Focus of PECoM is from progress management to the overall process of project planning, evaluation, and follow-up.

The government will continue to engage in international joint research to develop core source technologies by attracting advanced foreign R&D centers from the global companies like IBM, Fraunhofer and Intel

5.2 Private Sector R&D Activities

R&D Investment by Source Unit: billion KRW (mil EUR) R&D Investment by Area Unit: billion KRW (mil EUR) Source: Ministry of Science and Technology,2005 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology, 2005 25:75 26:74 27:73 27:73 28:72 30:70 28:72 A:B (%) 1.0 2.64 2.53 2.59 2.39 2.25 2.34 To GDP(%) 16,630 (1,320) 14,114 (1,120) 12,509 (9,928) 11,673 (9,264) 10,023 (7,955) 8,340 (6,619) 8,285 (6,575) Private (B) 5,446 (4,322) 4,876 (3,870) 4,740 (3,762) 4,362 (3,462) 3,817 (3,029) 3,574 (2,837) 3,052 (2,421) Public (A) 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 22,185 (17,607) 14,074 (11,170) 4,712 (3,740) 3,999 (3,174) 2004 100% 63.4% 21.2% 15.3% % (2004) 12,336 (9,791) 11,188 (8,880) 10,010 (7,944) 8,732 (6,930) 7,231 (5,739) 6,903 (1,784) Development Research 19,069 (15,134) 17,325 (13,750) 16,111 (12,786) 13,849 (10,991) 11,922 (9,462) 11,337 (8,997) Total 4,076 (3,235) 2,025 (1,607) 2001 3,764 (2,989) 2,373 (1,883) 2002 3,974 (3,154) 2,759 (2,189) 2003 3,370 (2,675) 3,065 (2,433) 2,848 (2,260) Application Research 1,746 (1,386) 1,626 (1,290) 1,585 (1,258) Basic Research 2000 1999 1998

5.3 Research in Optimizing Frequency Spectrum

Optimization of Frequency Spectrum MIC is setting out a mid-to-long term operation plan for frequency use Frequency Spectrum Policy Advisory Council was formed in March 2005 to discuss Government’s mid-to-long term frequency policy direction. The Council is composed of government, industry, academia, and research institutions. MIC is working on spectrum management policy that can maximize efficiency in spectrum use by way of spectrum sharing technologies such as CR (Cognitive Radio), SDR (Software Defined Radio), and UWB. MIC’s efforts in frequency management system 2005-2006 8.25 bil KRW (1) Upgrading frequency resource analysis system 9.75 bil KRW Investment 2007-2008 (2) Build Spectrum policy support system Build a Portal for Radio Wave management and policy support Build a data base for frequency policy Period Goals

MIC is setting out a mid-to-long term operation plan for frequency use

Frequency Spectrum Policy Advisory Council was formed in March 2005 to discuss Government’s mid-to-long term frequency policy direction. The Council is composed of government, industry, academia, and research institutions.

MIC is working on spectrum management policy that can maximize efficiency in spectrum use by way of spectrum sharing technologies such as CR (Cognitive Radio), SDR (Software Defined Radio), and UWB.

(2) Build Spectrum policy support system

Build a Portal for Radio Wave management and policy support

Build a data base for frequency policy

Research in SDR, CR, and UWB SDR As Korea is going to have various network technologies such as CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA 2000 EVDV, Wibro, and DMB, SDR has become a core technology issue. HY-SDR Center of Han Yang University in cooperation with BrOMA Center of Pohang Technology University have been working on SDR technology. In May 2005, HY-SDR Center introduced a new base station that supports both Wibro and WCDMA by way of applying SDR to smart antenna. HY-SDR Center plans to complete the dual-mode base station technology for the first time by the end of 2005. Commercial product is expected to come by 2008. HY-SDR Center is developing SDR system for base station and SDR applications for terminal in partnership with SandBridge Technologies of USA and PicoChip of UK. The Center is also leading international standardization activities in smart antenna base station technology using SDR. HY-SDR Center works on RSP (Reconfigurable Signal Processing), SPS (Signal Processing Subsystem), Multi-Mode-Multi-Band antenna technology, RF front-end technology, Software Architecture technology, Terminal Reconfigurable Technology, Security and authentication technology, Digital IF technology. KT is developing the dual-mode base station technology that supports both Wibro and WCDMA. ETRI is developing CR and SDR technologies. InnoWireless Co., Ltd ( www.innowireless.co.kr ) of Korea contracted a R&D project with IITA to develop SDR-based measurement equipment for Wibro. UWB & CR - TTA and Korea UWB Forum are working on UWB standardization in order to vitalize the UWB industry in Korea. UWB is in the very early stage in Korea - ETRI’s suggestion to MIC on initial adopting CR technology is to introduce CR technology on the spectrum below UHF 3GHz. Before, adopting CR technology, MIC needs to reform regulations in a way to reduce the exclusive spectrum usage right (ownership) and allow free access to spectrum.

SDR

As Korea is going to have various network technologies such as CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA 2000 EVDV, Wibro, and DMB, SDR has become a core technology issue.

HY-SDR Center of Han Yang University in cooperation with BrOMA Center of Pohang Technology University have been working on SDR technology. In May 2005, HY-SDR Center introduced a new base station that supports both Wibro and WCDMA by way of applying SDR to smart antenna. HY-SDR Center plans to complete the dual-mode base station technology for the first time by the end of 2005. Commercial product is expected to come by 2008.

HY-SDR Center is developing SDR system for base station and SDR applications for terminal in partnership with SandBridge Technologies of USA and PicoChip of UK. The Center is also leading international standardization activities in smart antenna base station technology using SDR.

HY-SDR Center works on RSP (Reconfigurable Signal Processing), SPS (Signal Processing Subsystem), Multi-Mode-Multi-Band antenna technology, RF front-end technology, Software Architecture technology, Terminal Reconfigurable Technology, Security and authentication technology, Digital IF technology.

KT is developing the dual-mode base station technology that supports both Wibro and WCDMA.

ETRI is developing CR and SDR technologies.

InnoWireless Co., Ltd ( www.innowireless.co.kr ) of Korea contracted a R&D project with IITA to develop SDR-based measurement equipment for Wibro.

UWB & CR

- TTA and Korea UWB Forum are working on UWB standardization in order to vitalize the UWB industry in Korea. UWB is in the very early stage in Korea

- ETRI’s suggestion to MIC on initial adopting CR technology is to introduce CR technology on the spectrum below UHF 3GHz. Before, adopting CR technology, MIC needs to reform regulations in a way to reduce the exclusive spectrum usage right (ownership) and allow free access to spectrum.

6 . Contents

6.1. Market Size of Mobile Internet Contents

Mobile Internet Contents Market Outlook in Korea Source: IDC, 2004 Unit: billion KRW (mil EUR) 28 6,598 (5,237) 5,872 (4,660) 4,976 (3,949) 3,905 (310) 2,830 (2246) 1,899 (1,507) Total 35 428 (340) 349 (277) 292 (232) 237 (188) 167 (133) 96 (76) Others 18 143 (113) 130 (103) 114 (90) 99 (79) 79 (62) 62 (49) Stock/Banking 18 119 (94) 119 (94) 117 (93) 114 (90) 108 (86) 98 (78) Lottery/Reservation 13 177 (140) 169 (134) 160 (127) 148 (117) 131 (104) 95 (75) Community 32 454 (360) 427 (339) 374 (297) 298 (237) 220 (175) 113 (90) Adult contents 61 1,327 (1,053) 1,160 (921) 916 (727) 644 (511) 337 (267) 123 (98) m-Commerce 33 896 (711) 794 (630) 667 (529) 520 (413) 335 (266) 213 (169) LBS 26 638 (506) 587 (466) 531 (421) 413 (328) 320 (254) 203 (161) Mobile game 53 433 (344) 356 (283) 259 (206) 156 (124) 77 (61) 52 (41) Mobile broadcasting 10 250 (198) 241 (191) 228 (181) 210 (167) 188 (149) 158 (125) Character download 35 370 (294) 314 (249) 262 (208) 197 (156) 121 (96) 82 (65) Ringback tone 11 132 (105) 125 (99) 115 (91) 104 (83) 90 (71) 78 (62) Ring tone 115 608 (483) 480 (381) 322 (256) 160 (127) 79 (63) 13 (10) MMS 4 626 (497) 622 (494) 618 (490) 605 (480) 578 (459) 513 (407) SMS ’ 03~08 CAGR(%) 2008E 2007E 2006E 2005E 2004E 2003

6.2. Pricing of Mobile Internet

Pricing of Mobile Internet The most popular payment system for the wireless internet use is ‘time-based charge’ system (41%), followed by ‘access-based charge’, ‘fixed charge’, and ‘data packet-based charge’ with 20.4%, 19.9%, and 17.1% respectively. Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency of Korea, Sept. 2004

The most popular payment system for the wireless internet use is ‘time-based charge’ system (41%), followed by ‘access-based charge’, ‘fixed charge’, and ‘data packet-based charge’ with 20.4%, 19.9%, and 17.1% respectively.

6.3. Popular Contents

Popular Mobile Internet Contents (multiple choice) Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency of Korea, September 2005

Mobile Banking As of Dec. 2004, only 1.6% of internet banking users were using mobile banking service. However popularity of the service is growing very fast and it attracted 1.3 million subscribers as of Jun. 2005. Mobile Banking Service (IC Chip-based Service) (Unit: thousand) Source: LGT, Bank of Korea, Flat rate of 0.63EUR/month, 1.04 million subscribers Sep. 2003 BankOn LGT 480,000 K-Bank handsets sold Mar. 2004 K-Bank KTF - 1,548,000 M-Bank capable handsets distributed - 600,000 subscribers as of Oct. 2004 Apr. 2004 M-Bank SKT Remarks Commercial Service Launch Brand Operator

As of Dec. 2004, only 1.6% of internet banking users were using mobile banking service. However popularity of the service is growing very fast and it attracted 1.3 million subscribers as of Jun. 2005.

Flat rate of 0.63EUR/month, 1.04 million subscribers

480,000 K-Bank handsets sold

IC-Chip-based Mobile Banking Subscribers Source: Bank of Korea, 2005 Mobile banking service enables users to do remittance, cash withdrawals and transportation fare payment through their IC chip-installed cellular phones, which were introduced in the market in September 2003 by LG Telecom with brand name “BankOn”.

Mobile banking service enables users to do remittance, cash withdrawals and transportation fare payment through their IC chip-installed cellular phones, which were introduced in the market in September 2003 by LG Telecom with brand name “BankOn”.

Mobile Value-added Services Source: 2005 Korea Mobile Yearbook 0.71 EUR 0.71 EUR 0.79 EUR 0.02 EUR SKT Ring back tone/ month Call switchover/month CID/Month SMS/message Operator

Mobile Internet Shopping 76.2% of mobile internet users have purchased services or goods through the mobile internet. Downloading paid contents including ring tones, characters, and games is the most popular item in the mobile internet shopping with 96.3%. Source: Survey, National Internet Development Agency of Korea, Sept. 2004 (Multiple responses)

76.2% of mobile internet users have purchased services or goods through the mobile internet.

Downloading paid contents including ring tones, characters, and games is the most popular item in the mobile internet shopping with 96.3%.

MUSIC Mobile music market growth driven by the popularity of ring tone and ring back tone is likely to continue by wire-wireless music streaming/download service through music portals. MIDI ring tones are being replaced by MP3 tones which allow users to enjoy original sound. The size of mobile music market in 2004 was nearly 400 million EUR. Music Portal Service by Operator Source: 2005 Korea Mobile Yearbook 200,000 with 70,000 paid subscribers (as of Sep. 2005) Dec. 2004 MusicOn (www.musicon.co.kr) LGT 350,000 with 120,000 paid subscribers (as of Jun. 2005) May 2005 Dosirak (www.dosirak.com) KTF 2 million with 470,000 paid subscribers (as of Jun. 2005) Nov. 2004 MelOn (www.melon.com) SKT Subscriber Commercial Launch Brand Operator Mobile Music Market Size (Unit: million EUR) 357~400

Mobile music market growth driven by the popularity of ring tone and ring back tone is likely to continue by wire-wireless music streaming/download service through music portals.

MIDI ring tones are being replaced by MP3 tones which allow users to enjoy original sound.

The size of mobile music market in 2004 was nearly 400 million EUR.

GAME Korean mobile game market has been growing at an annual rate of 40-50% and is valued at 240 million EUR in 2005. It is about 10% of the entire game make of Korea. Advanced mobile networks and handsets enabled mobile network games and 3D/LBS games through downloading or mobile portals such as GXG(SKT) and GPANG(KTF). Mobile operators introduced more than 1,500 new mobile games in 2004 and also a flat rate mobile data fee to boost the market. More than 500 game developing companies are fiercely competing in the domestic market. (Unit: mil EUR) Market Share Source: 2004 Korea Game White Paper Revenue and Growth Rate of Mobile Game

Korean mobile game market has been growing at an annual rate of 40-50% and is valued at 240 million EUR in 2005. It is about 10% of the entire game make of Korea.

Advanced mobile networks and handsets enabled mobile network games and 3D/LBS games through downloading or mobile portals such as GXG(SKT) and GPANG(KTF).

Mobile operators introduced more than 1,500 new mobile games in 2004 and also a flat rate mobile data fee to boost the market.

More than 500 game developing companies are fiercely competing in the domestic market.

Multimedia (Character, Photo and Moving Image) Revenue from simple download of characters and pictures, which was the major income source, declined rapidly since late 2003 when camera phones were widely distributed. Operators are introducing and developing replaceable services such as SKT’s PhotoOn allowing users to upload/download their own photos on/from the mobile internet. Users decorate mobile handset screens with their own photos taken by camera phones. This trend resulted in the market size reduced since using own photos costs little. Moving Image Broadcasting Service by Mobile Operator - Multimedia broadcasting service providing news, sports, music, adult, TV programs through ARS, moving image, and text Oct. 2002 MI -TV LGT - MS, MagicN multi message, HD moving image download, streaming VOD May 2002 Fimm KTF - Mobile multimedia broadcasting service providing information on a real-time basis through cdma2000 1x color handsets Weather forecasting, news, entertainment, adult contents Feb. 2002 Nate Air Streaming video multimedia service with 3G network: VOD, MOD, video phone, multimedia message, TV broadcasting Nov. 2002 June SKT Remarks Commercial Launch Brand Operator

Revenue from simple download of characters and pictures, which was the major income source, declined rapidly since late 2003 when camera phones were widely distributed.

Operators are introducing and developing replaceable services such as SKT’s PhotoOn allowing users to upload/download their own photos on/from the mobile internet.

Users decorate mobile handset screens with their own photos taken by camera phones. This trend resulted in the market size reduced since using own photos costs little.

- Mobile multimedia broadcasting service providing information on a real-time basis through cdma2000 1x color handsets

Weather forecasting, news, entertainment, adult contents

Streaming video multimedia service with 3G network:

VOD, MOD, video phone, multimedia message, TV broadcasting

Adults Mobile adult contents is one of the killer applications along with mobile game resulting in a growth of nearly 100% from the previous year. Adult contents market started growing from 2002 when cdma2000 1x EV-DO service was launched in the country. Operators’ adult contents sales accounted for 5% (SKT and LGT) and 10% (KTF) of the total wireless internet contents sales in 2004. Photos, novels, and blind dating & chatting are most loved contents by users. Other currently available contents are moving images, comics, and games. Blind dating & chatting service accounts for 25-30% of the total mobile adult contents sales. Source: 2004 SKVM Festival Forum Mobile Adult Contents Sales and Forecast (Unit: million EUR)

Mobile adult contents is one of the killer applications along with mobile game resulting in a growth of nearly 100% from the previous year.

Adult contents market started growing from 2002 when cdma2000 1x EV-DO service was launched in the country.

Operators’ adult contents sales accounted for 5% (SKT and LGT) and 10% (KTF) of the total wireless internet contents sales in 2004.

Photos, novels, and blind dating & chatting are most loved contents by users. Other currently available contents are moving images, comics, and games.

Blind dating & chatting service accounts for 25-30% of the total mobile adult contents sales.

Telematics Source: ETRI, Mobile Operators Earnings Release - Connection via ez-I mobile internet Sep. 2004 ez-Driver LGT Road guidance service and information on safety drive Voice navigation & three dimensional map May 2004 K-ways KTF - For Hyundai-Kia Motors’ before market service Nov. 2003 MOZEN cdma2000 1x EV-DO network /Before market service Feb. 2005 Ever-way - First mobile phone-based telematics service in Korea - NATE mobile internet & telematics converged service 260,000 subscribers as of Dec. 2004 (90% market share) Mar. 2002 NATE Drive SKT Remarks Commercial Launch Brand Operator 44.2~86.2% 10.5~29.7 7.7~16.7 5.2~10.3 3.5~4.6 Total 40.4~89.4% 3.6~11.1 2.5~6.2 1.7~3.8 1.3~1.4 Service Market 46.4~79.8% 6.9~18.6 5.2~10.5 3.5~6.5 2.2~3.2 Terminal Market CAGR 2007 2006 2005 2004 (Unit: 100 m USD)

Road guidance service and information on safety drive

Voice navigation & three dimensional map

cdma2000 1x EV-DO network /Before market service

- First mobile phone-based telematics service in Korea

- NATE mobile internet & telematics converged service

260,000 subscribers as of Dec. 2004 (90% market share)

7. Government

7.1 Government’s Role

Role of Government MIC functions as a goal setter for the nation’s long-term IT vision and project manager of the Korean ICT industry, especially in the mobile communications. MIC identifies growth engines for boosting the ICT industry, and thus stimulating national economy. In order to achieve the national goals : - induces investments in vitalization of new services from private companies - makes its own advance investments - initiates trial projects - reforms and improves regulation - strengthen global competitiveness through attracting foreign R&D centers - puts its budget into development of core technologies - builds and expands R&D networks. ‘ IT839’ strategy was set by MIC as a concrete national industrial policy to achieve the followings ; - Introduce and promote eight new services - Lead to investment in and building of three infrastructures - Result in the development of nine new IT growth engines

MIC functions as a goal setter for the nation’s long-term IT vision and project manager of the Korean ICT industry, especially in the mobile communications.

MIC identifies growth engines for boosting the ICT industry, and thus stimulating national economy.

In order to achieve the national goals :

- induces investments in vitalization of new services from private companies

- makes its own advance investments

- initiates trial projects

- reforms and improves regulation

- strengthen global competitiveness through attracting foreign R&D centers

- puts its budget into development of core technologies

- builds and expands R&D networks.

‘ IT839’ strategy was set by MIC as a concrete national industrial policy to achieve the followings ;

- Introduce and promote eight new services

- Lead to investment in and building of three infrastructures

- Result in the development of nine new IT growth engines

Key Players in the Telecom Industry Policy : KISDI Technology : ETRI MIC KCC : Arbitrary Inquiry Investigation Regulatory Agency Research Institute Mobile: SKT, KTF, LGT Fixed : KT, Hanaro, Dacom WLAN : KT, Hanaro Policy Maker Telcos

7.2 IT839

What is IT839? Goal: Home networks in 60% of households by 2007 Goal: 10 million Telematics service users by 2007 Source: MIC IT839

Composition of BcN (Broadband Convergence Network) Source: National Computerization Agency (NCA) Application Service Open API Qos Security IPv6 Core Infrastructure to Realize a User-Friendly Ubiquitous Service Environment Home Network USN Convergence Information Devices Wired and wireless Voice and data Telecommunications & Broadcasting Fixed-line Communication BcN Wireless Communication Telephone Internet CATV DMB

Goals and Strategy of BcN Commercial service to begin I 2006. Establish BcN by 2010 that provides quality services at the speed of 50 to 100Mbps to 20 million fixed and wireless subscribers. The BcN will support quality of service (QoS), security and IPv6 and extend various convergent services. A high-tech R&D network will be established to develop and verify core technologies for the BcN. Pilot projects will be carried out. Develop and distribute a wide range of applications and revise relevant laws and regulations to create a favorable environment for the BcN. Expected results by 2010 Create 370,000 new jobs Generate 13.5 billion USD of exports Generate 95 trillion KRW of equipment and service production. Stimulate private investment amounting to 67 trillion KRW Provide high-tech services such as e-Learning, e-Health, home network and VOD services via convergent terminals.

Commercial service to begin I 2006.

Establish BcN by 2010 that provides quality services at the speed of 50 to 100Mbps to 20 million fixed and wireless subscribers.

The BcN will support quality of service (QoS), security and IPv6 and extend various convergent services.

A high-tech R&D network will be established to develop and verify core technologies for the BcN. Pilot projects will be carried out.

Develop and distribute a wide range of applications and revise relevant laws and regulations to create a favorable environment for the BcN.

Expected results by 2010

Create 370,000 new jobs

Generate 13.5 billion USD of exports

Generate 95 trillion KRW of equipment and service production.

Stimulate private investment amounting to 67 trillion KRW

Provide high-tech services such as e-Learning, e-Health, home network and VOD services via convergent terminals.

Time Table for BcN

8. Terminal

8.1. Mobile Phone Platform

Mobile Internet Platforms in Korea 5 different mobile internet platforms for 3 mobile operators CPs must customize one content according to 5 different platforms, thus increasing the development cost and delaying time-to-market With the drive from the government and CPs, efforts to standardize the mobile internet platform have created a common platform called ‘WIPI’. WIPI What is Mobile Internet Platform? An environment enabling download service of application programs A middleware set between basic handset S/W Make application programs H/W or basic S/W-independent KTF SKT KTF SKT LGT Operator Trial 10.2001 Binary ANSI-C/C++ Qualcomm BREW 07.2001 Script Java (MIDP) XCE SVM (SKVM) 05.2001 Binary ANSI-C Mobiletop MAP 10.2000 Script Mobile C Shinji Soft GVM (GNEX) 09.2000 Bi-code Java Sun KVM (J2ME) Launch Method Language Vendor Platform S/W Application S/W Browsers (WAP, ME, etc.) Platform: WIPI, BREW, GVM, KVM H/W HDD/RAM( 소용량 )

5 different mobile internet platforms for 3 mobile operators

CPs must customize one content according to 5 different platforms, thus increasing the development cost and delaying time-to-market

With the drive from the government and CPs, efforts to standardize the mobile internet platform have created a common platform called ‘WIPI’.

What is Mobile Internet Platform?

An environment enabling download service of application programs

A middleware set between basic handset S/W

Make application programs H/W or basic S/W-independent

GNEX Architecture Event Handler Service APIs Platform Event Handler Mobile Interface Device Driver GNEX KERNEL GNEX Virtual Machine GNEX Application Manager GNEX Applications Event API call Fetch Loading Platform Or Native S/W GNEX Module GNEX Application Source: Korea Mobile White Paper, 2005

For Content Providers - Reduce costs for content development according to 3 different platforms of 3 operators by providing a set of common APIs (application platform interfaces). - Allow Content Providers to focus on the substance of the contents For Handset Vendors - Eliminate redundant engineering for porting on different platforms by providing a set of common adaptation layer specification in order to reduce production costs and increase time-to-market - Facilitate easier conformance to carrier requirements For Wireless Carriers - Facilitate simplicity and speed in deploying new services - Timely delivery of handsets - Form environment for quality contents - Quality contents brings more data revenue For Subscribers - More quality contents - Enjoy good contents regardless of service provider - Ease of software upgrade Goals of Standardization of Platform

For Content Providers

- Reduce costs for content development according to 3 different platforms of 3 operators by providing a set of common APIs (application platform interfaces).

- Allow Content Providers to focus on the substance of the contents

For Handset Vendors

- Eliminate redundant engineering for porting on different platforms by providing a set of common adaptation layer specification in order to reduce production costs and increase time-to-market

- Facilitate easier conformance to carrier requirements

For Wireless Carriers

- Facilitate simplicity and speed in deploying new services

- Timely delivery of handsets

- Form environment for quality contents

- Quality contents brings more data revenue

For Subscribers

- More quality contents

- Enjoy good contents regardless of service provider

- Ease of software upgrade

Handset Hardware Application Manager (Java, C) HAL (Handset Adaptation Layer) BASIC API set (C and Java) Multi-Media Player (Java, C) Download Manager (Java, C) Browser ( Java, C) E-mail, PIMS, Other Apps. (Java, C) Handset Native Software Game (Java, C) Standard Platform Architecture : WIPI Standardization Scope of Standardization HAL API Specification : Define a common adaptation layer spec in HAL (Handset Adaptation Layer) to facilitate hardware independence of the platform API Specification for Contents : Define a common and rich set of APIs for application developers. The platform must support C and Java language Functional specifications : Define major functionality of the platform - Conversion of applications to machine code - Concurrent multiple application execution - Programming language support - Security - Platform capability upgrade (API download) - Memory management - Application program management - Support for multiple languages

Scope of Standardization

HAL API Specification : Define a common adaptation layer spec in HAL (Handset Adaptation Layer) to facilitate hardware independence of the platform

API Specification for Contents : Define a common and rich set of APIs for application developers. The platform must support C and Java language

Functional specifications : Define major functionality of the platform

- Conversion of applications to machine code - Concurrent multiple application execution

- Programming language support - Security

- Platform capability upgrade (API download) - Memory management

- Application program management - Support for multiple languages

WIPI Roadmap 2004 2005 2006 2007 Network Technology Basic Functions & Device Service Support CDMA GSM WCDMA Wibro DMB Managing terminal Resources Camera DLL Generic I/O Voice sensor Bio sensor 3D support library XML SIP Support various codec Strengthen support for OS interface SMS VGI Phone book Web service Receiving Data broadcasting Support Wibro service Source: KWISF, Dec. 2004

8.2. Technological Trend

Mega Trend in Mobile Phone “ Converged and integrated” Integrated with MP3, and digital camera Converged with various network technologies such as digital broadcasting, Wibro, WLAN, Bluetooth, IrDA etc. “ High-Performance & Smaller Components” High-performance CPU and OS One-chip solution type RF Low power consuming Fast recharge of battery USB type WLAN module High-performance speaker “ Versatile and Easy User Interface” Voice recognition Touch screen Soft touchpad Fashionable Wearable IC-chip-based Payment Health-phone

“ Converged and integrated”

Integrated with MP3, and digital camera

Converged with various network technologies

such as digital broadcasting,

Wibro,

WLAN, Bluetooth, IrDA etc.

“ High-Performance & Smaller Components”

High-performance CPU and OS

One-chip solution type RF

Low power consuming

Fast recharge of battery

USB type WLAN module

High-performance speaker

“ Versatile and Easy User Interface”

Voice recognition

Touch screen

Soft touchpad

Fashionable

Wearable

IC-chip-based Payment

Health-phone

Component TRM

8.3. Components

Market Leading Products of Korea D-RAM Semi-Conductor TFT-LCD Mobile Phone Korea 42% Korea 30% Korea 25%

Mobile Phone Antenna In 2003, three major local manufacturers, Ace Technology, EMW Antenna, and SBTelcom, extended their market share to 20% in the domestic market which had been dominated by foreign makers up to 50%. Trend in Antenna Export & Import (Unit: 1,000 USD) Source: KETI 2004, Korea International Trade Association 2005 Sales Development of Ace Technology (Unit: million EUR) 17,225 75,143 92,368 2005(1~5) 50,685 164,736 215,421 2004 14,080 140,422 154,502 2003 -8,148 112,563 104,415 2002 -20,939 113,737 92,798 2001 8,987 114,297 123,284 2000 -35,943 124,443 88,500 1999 -14,354 109,826 95,472 1998 -46,821 113,130 66,309 1997 1,360 62,044 63,404 1996 Trade Balance Import Export Antenna Market Share Sales 132 118 91.5 63.8 2004 2003 2002 2001

In 2003, three major local manufacturers, Ace Technology, EMW Antenna, and SBTelcom, extended their market share to 20% in the domestic market which had been dominated by foreign makers up to 50%.

Camera Module In 2004, camera module sales in Korea reached 60 million units and is expected to be more than double in 2005. The market is likely to grow to 1.2 billion EUR in 2005 from 560 million EUR a year ago. Main components of domestic camera phones show over 60% of localization. Most camera module manufacturers succeeded in developing 5~7 megapixel products, however, their main items are still 1.3 and 2 megapixel products. Korean companies have strong technology edge in CMOS image sensor rapidly replacing CCD. Subminiature and high-powered camera modules are considered a most marketable segment due to the growth of slim camera phone market. Auto focus (AF) and optical zoom functions are one of latest focal areas of camera module makes. Korean Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor makers: Pixelplus Co., Ltd. ( www.pixelplus.co.kr ), Samsung Electronics ( www.samsung.com ), MagnaChip ( www.magnachip.co.kr ). SiliconFile ( www.siliconfile.com ) Localization Rate of Main Components CMOS & CCD Ratio of Camera Phone Image Sensor (Forecast) Source: 2005 Korea Mobile Yearbook, Dongyang Investment Banks, Electronic Times, KETI 2004 Camera Phone Module Market Outlook (Unit: million EUR) - 100 IR Filter 81% Localization Rate - 100 FPCB - 100 PCB 33 67 Lens 34 66 Image Sensor Imported Domestic Adoption Rate (%) Component 160 123.8 86.6 95.2 122.2 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 38% 62% 2006 35% 43% 44% CCD 65% 57% 56% CMOS 2007 2005 2004

In 2004, camera module sales in Korea reached 60 million units and is expected to be more than double in 2005. The market is likely to grow to 1.2 billion EUR in 2005 from 560 million EUR a year ago.

Main components of domestic camera phones show over 60% of localization.

Most camera module manufacturers succeeded in developing 5~7 megapixel products, however, their main items are still 1.3 and 2 megapixel products.

Korean companies have strong technology edge in CMOS image sensor rapidly replacing CCD.

Subminiature and high-powered camera modules are considered a most marketable segment due to the growth of slim camera phone market. Auto focus (AF) and optical zoom functions are one of latest focal areas of camera module makes.

Korean Megapixel CMOS Image Sensor makers: Pixelplus Co., Ltd. ( www.pixelplus.co.kr ), Samsung Electronics ( www.samsung.com ), MagnaChip ( www.magnachip.co.kr ). SiliconFile ( www.siliconfile.com )

9. Foreseeable Radical Changes

Convergence Business The hot issue and new business considered ‘Blue Ocean’ in Korea is converged new services by way of integrating separate networks.. Broadcasting Communication DMB IPTV Mobile TV Web Casting Wireless Fixed WLAN Wibro Mobile Internet IP Multicasting Telephony Broadband Internet VoIP Mobile ‘ One-Phone’ WLAN UMA ‘ NESPOT Swing’ WVoIP

The hot issue and new business considered ‘Blue Ocean’ in Korea is converged new services by way of integrating separate networks..

10. Opportunities for Finnish Companies

Opportunities to be found in well advance Korea is moving toward where no other country has been in terms of wireless broadband service commercialization. Therefore, high-technologies to implement the new service roadmap are well sought by Korean government and private companies. The mega trend in the Korean communications industry is ‘broadband wireless’, ‘convergence’, and ‘multimedia’. Therefore, solutions to implement the three keywords are where opportunities can be found for Finnish companies. To converge different network technologies means needs for handover, smart antenna, and MIMO technologies. It also requires solutions for efficient use of frequency spectrum such as UWB, SDR, and CR. Broadband Convergence Network which is the core infrastructure to implement converged services needs network system such as Edge Router, MSPP (Multiservice Provisioning Platform), WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) etc. Digital multimedia services requires stereoscope 3DTV system. Quite a substantial amount of required technologies for these areas come from foreign companies; Technology Area Dependency on foreign technology Edge Router 91% Stereoscopic 3D TV system 90% MSPP 85% WDM 76% Mobile phone 20~30% Other technologies that are dependent on foreign source are chip for IP-DSLAM, RSOA ( Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier) technology, WDM-PON core components, Multi-codec and control technology A comprehensive study on mega projects that Korean government plans for the next 5 or 10 years and their required technologies needs to be carried out in order to identify the opportunities for Finnish companies. Solution providers in the world know that Korea is moving toward untried scene of new commercial communications services and has purchasing power. They are very fast in detecting the future plan and what are sought along the road. Early detection of opportunities, investment for market entry, joint R&D with Korean R&D Centers and private companies are essential.

Korea is moving toward where no other country has been in terms of wireless broadband service commercialization. Therefore, high-technologies to implement the new service roadmap are well sought by Korean government and private companies.

The mega trend in the Korean communications industry is ‘broadband wireless’, ‘convergence’, and ‘multimedia’. Therefore, solutions to implement the three keywords are where opportunities can be found for Finnish companies.

To converge different network technologies means needs for handover, smart antenna, and MIMO technologies. It also requires solutions for efficient use of frequency spectrum such as UWB, SDR, and CR. Broadband Convergence Network which is the core infrastructure to implement converged services needs network system such as Edge Router, MSPP (Multiservice Provisioning Platform), WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) etc. Digital multimedia services requires stereoscope 3DTV system. Quite a substantial amount of required technologies for these areas come from foreign companies;

Technology Area Dependency on foreign technology

Edge Router 91%

Stereoscopic 3D TV system 90%

MSPP 85%

WDM 76%

Mobile phone 20~30%

Other technologies that are dependent on foreign source are chip for IP-DSLAM, RSOA ( Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier) technology, WDM-PON core components, Multi-codec and control technology

A comprehensive study on mega projects that Korean government plans for the next 5 or 10 years and their required technologies needs to be carried out in order to identify the opportunities for Finnish companies. Solution providers in the world know that Korea is moving toward untried scene of new commercial communications services and has purchasing power. They are very fast in detecting the future plan and what are sought along the road. Early detection of opportunities, investment for market entry, joint R&D with Korean R&D Centers and private companies are essential.

11. Appendix

Abbreviations HSDPA : High-speed Downlink Packet Access HPi : High-speed Portable Internet VoIP : Voice over Internet Protocol OFDM :Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex CDM : Code Division Multiplex MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service MNP: Mobile Number Portability CID: Caller ID CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate WINC: Wireless Internet Numbers for Contents RFID : Radio Frequency Identification UWB : Ultra Wide Band MIMO : Multi-Input, Multi-Output EVDO : Evolution Data Only IDR : Internet Detailed Record AAA : Authentication, Authorization, Accounting Subscriber authentication, data billing PAS : Personal Access System VMS: Voice Messaging System PDSN : Packet Data Service Node HA : Home Agent IWF : Inter Working Function HLR : Home Location Register VLR : Visitor Location Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center RSOA : Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier IP-DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

HSDPA : High-speed Downlink Packet Access

HPi : High-speed Portable Internet

VoIP : Voice over Internet Protocol

OFDM :Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

CDM : Code Division Multiplex

MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service

MNP: Mobile Number Portability

CID: Caller ID

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate

WINC: Wireless Internet Numbers for Contents

RFID : Radio Frequency Identification

UWB : Ultra Wide Band

MIMO : Multi-Input, Multi-Output

EVDO : Evolution Data Only