Cloud computing

1. Cloud Computing
Mohammed Luqman Shareef
Software Development Advisor
mohammed_shareef_luq@dell.com

2. Agenda
• Cloud Popularity • Google AppEngine
• What is Cloud Computing? • Amazon Web Services
• Why Cloud Computing • Demo
• Technology Drivers • Cloud APIs
• Top Cloud Providers • Security in Cloud
• Cloud Services • Products to Build Cloud
• Cloud Types • Cloud Computing Myths
• Challenges • Q & As
• Realworld Case Studies

3. Cloud Computing?
• Is it Just a Hype?
• Is it a new technology?

4. Cloud popularity
• Google Trends
• Gartner’s Analysis
– Cloud Computing is listed in top 10 strategic Technologies by Gartner for the year 2010,
2011 and 2012 consecutively.

5. Gartner's top 10 technologies

6. Gartner's top 10 technologies
for 2012
Top 10 Strategic Technologies Areas
for 2012
1. Cloud Computing
2. Extreme Low-Energy Servers
3. In-Memory Computing
4. Big Data
5. Next-Generation Analytics
6. App Stores and Marketplaces
7. Internet of Things
8. Social and contextual user experience
9. Mobile-centric applications and
interfaces
10. Media tablets and beyond

7. What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud is NOT a new technology.
• It is a new way of consuming and delivering
technology.
• It is a natural evolution of traditional data
centers. It is distinguished by exposing
resources (computation, storage, applications
etc.) as services where consumers are
charged based on utilization.
• Term cloud is used as a metaphor for internet.

8. Defining Cloud
• Cloud computing is Internet-based There are many views
computing, whereby shared
resources, software and information are
provided to computers and other
devices on-demand, like electricity.
• Computing in which resources such as
infrastructure, storage, software are
provided as a service over the Internet.
• On-demand self-service Internet
infrastructure where you pay-as-you-go
and use only what you need.

9. Classical Vs. Cloud Computing
Classical Computing Cloud Computing
• Buy and Own • Subscribe
• Install, Configure, Test • Use
• Use …
… …
• Maintain …
• Upgrade • Pay per use

10. Cloud Computing Benefits
• Eliminate the need to install and run the
application on the customer's own
computer
• Faster deployment
• Lower cost / No Cap-Ex (Capital Expense)
• Reduced IT maintenance
• Elastic and unlimited scalability
• Better resource utilization

11. How does it work?
Cloud users
Middleware
Service
Billing Reporting
Management
Middle ware
Resource Virtualization
Management Management
Virtualization Virtualization
Physical Resources

12. Technology Drivers
Convergence of Technologies
• SOA:
A way of
designing, developing, deploying, and
managing systems characterized by
re-usable services.
A cloud infrastructure could be built
on top of a SOA infrastructure by
adding a layer of virtualization and
self-provisioning.
• Virtualization:
A method of partitioning one physical
server into multiple “virtual”
servers, giving each the appearance
and capabilities of running on its own
dedicated machine. Each virtual
server functions as a full-fledged
server and can be independently
rebooted.

13. Virtualization
Functions & Benefits
• Sharing
– Create multiple images of a resource within a physical resource.
Eg., Virtual Memory, Logical Partitions, VM, VLANs
•
Aggregation
– Pool multiple separate “distributed” resources so they appear as a single
resource from the user point of view.
– Eg., Virtual Disks
• Emulation
– Create functions and facilities which appear to be real although they do not
exist within the physical resource.
Eg., Virtual Networks, Virtual Tapes etc.,
• Insulation
– Insulate from the physical hardware dependencies through isolation.
– Eg., Spare CPU substitution

14. Top Cloud Providers
• Amazon
• Verizon
• IBM
• Dell
• Salesforce.com
• Google AppEngine
• Microsoft Azure
• Rackspace

15. Cloud Services
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
Application-specific capabilities, e.g., Account
management software, provided as a service to allow
organizations to use the capabilities developed by Cloud
third parties. SaaS
PaaS
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) IaaS
Application development platforms, e.g. containers
to host Java components allow developers to
leverage the resources of established organizations
to create and host applications of a larger scale.
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Generic computational infrastructure available over
the Internet, e.g. compute, storage, etc. Allows
organizations and developers to extend their IT
infrastructure on an on-demand basis.

16. SaaS Examples
• SalesForce.com
– An online web-based Customer Relationship Management
(CRM) service .
• Google Apps
– Email
– Docs
– Calendar
– Sites
• Zoho
– Mail
– Meeting
– Recruit
– Reports
– Planner
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17. PaaS Examples
• Google App Engine
– Provides users a complete development stack
and allows them to run their applications on
Google’s infrastructure
• Force.com
– Application development Platform. It provides
standard tools, libraries and resources for
development and deployment.
• Microsoft Azure Services Platform
– Provides users with on-demand compute and
storage services as well as a development
platform based on Windows Azure
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18. IaaS Examples
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
– Provides users with a special virtual
machine (AMI) that can be deployed
and run on the EC2 infrastructure.
• Amazon Simple Storage Solution (S3)
– Provides users with access to
dynamically scalable storage resources.
• IBM Computing on Demand (CoD)
– Provides users with access to highly
configurable servers plus value-added
services such as data storage.
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19. Top IaaS Vendors

20. Top PaaS Vendors

21. Top SaaS Vendors

22. Types of Clouds
• Public Cloud
– Based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider
makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general
public over the Internet and offered on a pay-per-usage model.
• Private Cloud
– Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a proprietary
computing architecture that provides hosted services within the organization
behind a firewall.
• Hybrid Cloud
– A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external
providers, will be typical for most enterprises.
• Community Cloud
– Sharing of computing infrastructure in between organizations of the same
community. For example all Government organizations may share computing
infrastructure on the cloud to manage data related to citizens.

23. Challenges in Cloud Computing
• Security
• Privacy
• Reliability
• Service Management & SLAs
• QoS
• Integration with other apps
• Vendor Locking / Interoperability
• Lack of Control

24. Case Studies

25. Case Study #1- RedBus.in
• Challenge : Operating from a traditional data center.
– Couldn’t handle processing fluctuations.
– Procurement/upgrading servers was extremely time consuming.
• Solution : Amazon Web Services
• Benefit :
– Overall Cost benefit is 30-40%.
– By Hosting in Asia Pacific region(Singapore), latency reduced by 4x.
– Ability to instantly replicate the whole setup on demand for testing.
– Less time to market translates to increased profitability and success.

26. Case Study #2- Eli Lilly
• Challenge : Traditional Infrastructure
• Solution : Multiple Cloud providers
• Benefit : Reduced provisioning cycle time
– New server: 7.5 weeks to 3 minutes
– New collaboration environment: 8 weeks to 5 minutes
– 64-node Linux cluster: 12 weeks to 5 minutes
Ref : Gartner

27. Case Study #3 - Japan Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry - Consumer Site
• Problem : Need an application
– To support a new government program targeting Japanese consumers
in a short time.
– Must be available to public via the Web and
– Support potentially large and highly volatile transaction volumes.
• Solution : Built a consumer exchange Web application on
Force.com and salesforce.com sites.
• Benefit : Built in only 3 weeks.
– 40 million consumers expected to access site at peak times
– Expected to support more than 20 million transactions …510,000
transactions first month
Ref : Gartner

28. Case Study #4 - Razorfish
• Problem: Needed to improve
– Their ability to respond quickly to customer demands
– To support highly visible web campaigns.
– Support high volume short run campaigns more cost effectively.
• Solution: Using Rackspace as a cloud infrastructure platform.
• Benefit : From 4-6 weeks and cost of tens of thousands of dollars to
– set up to 24 to 48 hours
– and 3K-5K
– on an average 25% of cost.
Ref : Gartner

29. Google AppEngine

30. What is Google App Engine?
• With App Engine, you can build web applications
using standard Java/Python technologies and run
them on Google's scalable infrastructure.
• The Java environment provides
– a Java 6 JVM
– a Java Servlets interface,
– support for standard interfaces to the App Engine
– scalable datastore and
– services such as
• JDO, JPA, JavaMail, and Jcache etc.

31. Sandbox
• The JVM runs in a secured "sandbox" environment
– to isolate your application for service and security.
• The sandbox ensures that apps can only perform actions that do
not interfere with the performance and scalability of other apps.
– Cannot spawn threads,
– Cannot write data to the local file system
– Cannot make arbitrary network connections
– Cannot use JNI or other native code

32. Datastore
• App Engine offers two different data storage options.
– The High Replication data store
• This is default for new applications.
• Highly Available and Highly Reliable.
• Data is replicated across data centers.
– The Master/Slave data store
• Asynchronously replicates data to other data centers as you write.
• May be temporarily unavailable during data center issues or
planned downtime.

33. Google’s data centers

34. Servlet Environment
• App Engine determines that an incoming request
is intended for your application using the domain
name of the request.
• A request whose domain name is
app_id.appspot.com is routed to the application
whose ID is app_id.
• Every application gets an appspot.com domain
name for free.

35. Creating an Application
• Create a Google Account
• Add App Engine to the account
– http://appengine.google.com
– It sends an SMS to your phone to activate
• Download Google App Engine SDK
• Uploading an application via command line
– ./appengine-java-sdk/bin/appcfg.cmd update myapp/war
• Eclipse plugin
– Download and install eclipse
– Help -> Install New Software
• Update site URL : http://dl.google.com/eclipse/plugin/3.7

36. Java Service APIs
• Blobstore • Multitenancy
(Experimental)
• OAuth
• Capabilities
• Task Queues
• Channel
• URL Fetch
• Images
• Users
• Mail • Memcache

37. Time to Demo

38. Amazon Web Services

39. Amazon Products and Services
• Compute • Networking
– EC2 – Route 53
– MapReduce – VPC
– AutoScaling – Elastic Load Balancing
• Database • Storage
– Simple DB – S3
– RDS – EBS
– Import/Export
• Deployment and Management
– Elastic Beanstalk • Web Traffic
– Alexa Web Information Service
• Messaging – Alexa Top sites
– SQS
– SNS • Monitoring
– SES – Cloud Watch

40. Getting started
• Create an AWS account
– http://aws.amazon.com
• Provide credit card details
• Identity Verification thru phone
• Login to AWS Management console
– http://aws.amazon.com/console/

41. Amazon Machine Image
• An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a special type of pre-configured
operating system and virtual application software which is used to
create a virtual machine within the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(EC2). It serves as the basic unit of deployment for services
delivered using EC2.
• You can select among a range of public AMIs
(preconfigured, template images) or build your own custom/private
AMI.
• Paid AMIs can be created by ISVs and stored on Amazon Simple
Storage Service (S3).

42. Accessing AWS
• Download SDK.
• Create access key
– http://aws.amazon.com/security-credentials
• Put the credentials in properties file
• Create a client object
• Invoke the operations

43. Time to Demo

44. Lessons Learned
• Today's Cloud Computing Environment is Best For
– Applications that do not have much interaction with back-end
systems.
– Applications where demand varies dramatically over a cycle
(periodic peaks).
– Short-term use (Ad campaigns).
– Rapid ramp up required (minutes/hours vs. days/weeks).
• Issues Remain
– Security
– Data location, privacy, potential loss
– Management/governance
– Vendors

45. Standardization Activities
• Open Grid Forum (OGF)
• Cloud Computing Interoperability Forum (CCIF)
• Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)
• Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)
• Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)
• OASIS
• Object Management Group (OMG)

46. Cloud APIs

47. Cloud APIs
• Why a standard cloud API?
• Pros & Cons
– Not tightly coupled with a vendor.
– Standards always focus on Lowest common
denominator, and thus slow down the innovation.
• Standard Cloud APIs today
– Simple Cloud API
– VMWare’s vCloud
– Delta Cloud

48. Simple Cloud API
• Zend Technologies, the PHP Company, launched a project called “Simple
API for Cloud Application Services”, a new open source initiative that
allows developers to use common application services in the cloud.
• Invited the open source community and software vendors to participate.
• The project aims to facilitate the development of cloud applications that
can access services on all major cloud platforms
• Contributors
– IBM,
– Microsoft,
– Rackspace,
– Nirvanix, and
– GoGrid

49. Simple Cloud API
• The Simple Cloud API is designed to provide a
single, simple, interoperable API for multiple cloud services and
multiple cloud providers.
• Operations defined in the Simple Cloud API are supported by many
cloud services.
• The ultimate goal is that the code written to work with one cloud
service should work with all similar cloud services.
• The Simple Cloud API is defined for three types of cloud services:
– File storage
– Document storage
– Simple queues

50. Delta Cloud API
• An API that abstracts differences between clouds.
• REST API, Supports Major Cloud service providers.
• Started by RedHat and moved to Apache incubator
• Provides drivers for popular clouds, which handles set of
standard operations.
• Some of the drivers also support a number of optional
operations to expose the features of specific clouds more
closely.

51. vCloud API
• VMware has developed vCloud API which
offers service providers a means of improving
their connection to private clouds.
• It is aimed at bridging the gap between public
and private clouds.
• It allows cloud interoperability.

52. Security in Cloud

53. Security concerns in cloud
• Confidentiality / Privacy
– Sensitive data stored on client. Will it not leak?
• Integrity
– Did cloud provide really stored my data without tampering with it?
• Availability
– What in case of Denial Of Service attack?
– What if cloud provider goes out of business?
• Auditability
– Data stored out side the organization. Can we audit it the way we want?
• Compliance
– Who will be responsible for complying with regulations?
– What if cloud provider sub-contracts to third party?

54. Security Best Practices
• Data encryption
• Proper contract between different parties involved in the Cloud
– Regulatory restrictions for data location and cross-border data
transfers
– Continuity assurance and recovery guarantees
– Compensation and service termination clauses
– Roles and responsibilities of all partners involved
• Transparency in how the Cloud provider addresses the security and
privacy requirements
• Involve ‘Trusted Third Parties’ wherever needed.

55. Cloud Security Alliance
• CSA (https://cloudsecurityalliance.org) is a non profit organization.
• Mission is to promote the use of best practices for
providing security assurance within Cloud Computing.
• Provides “Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus
in Cloud Computing”.
• Members
– IBM, Oracle, SalesForce, RSA, Novell,
– Microsoft, Dell, CA, CISCO, …

56. Building your own cloud

57. Products to build cloud
• Eucalyptus (www.eucalyptus.com)
– It is an Open Source software that enables the creation of on-
premise private clouds.
– It uses existing infrastructure to create scalable and secure AWS-
compatible cloud resources for compute, network and storage
– It implements an IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) private cloud
that is accessible via an API compatible with Amazon EC2 and
Amazon S3.
– Case Study: India's National Informatics Centre Builds e-
Governance Cloud Project on Eucalyptus Cloud Software.

58. Products to build cloud
• Apache Hadoop (http://hadoop.apache.org)
– Hadoop is an open source project by Apache, using the Java
programming language. Yahoo! has been the largest contributor
to the project, and uses Hadoop extensively across its
businesses.
– It enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and
petabytes of data.
– Hadoop was inspired by Google's MapReduce and Google File
System (GFS).
– Hadoop was created by Doug Cutting, who named it after his
son's toy elephant.

59. Products to build cloud
• OpenStack (http://www.openstack.org)
– An open source software for building private and
public clouds.
– Founded by Rackspace Hosting and NASA.
– It has 3 components
• Compute
• Storage
• Image service

60. Moving to public cloud
• Steps/Guidelines
– Choose the right provider
– Understand the SLAs
– Evaluate ROI
– Check how your security concerns are handled
– Plan the migration (may be in phases)

61. Cloud Computing Myths
• There is one Single CLOUD to server all your needs.
– There are different forms of Cloud (IaaS/PaaS/SaaS) and you may need to choose one or more
cloud services based on your need.
• Cloud always saves you money.
• Cloud reduces your workload.
– My be true in long run, but to get started you need to analyze your need and match with the
right cloud provider, may need to migrate your apps/data and configure/customize it.
• You can quickly get started. All you need is your credit card.
• You can seamlessly Blend your data centers with public Cloud Provider.
– For complex multi-tier applications it is not that easy. Needs lot of reconfiguration and
engineering.
• If you running VMs, you are doing Cloud Computing.
– Additionally Cloud gives Elasticity, Pay-per-Use model, Self service capability to allow users to
provision servers or storage themselves.

62. Questions/Feedback

63. Thank You
Luqman Shareef
www.luqmanshareef.com