Fax Machines

The Fax Machine History and Technology…

Outline
History and Development
How Modern Fax Machines Work
Future Technologies

Precursors to the Fax Machine
Telegraph
300BC: Water Telegraph
- Ancient Greece/Roman Empire
1700’s - 1880: Chappe’s Semaphore
- Europe
1800’s: Electrical Telegraph
- Europe/America
1837: Morse Telegraph
- America
All required human processing/translation

First Fax Machines: Alexander Bain (Scotland) - 1843 Pendulum Battery Magnet Copper Plate Electrolytic Paper Stylus Telegraph Wire

First Fax Machines: Frederick Bakewell (England)- 1847/1852 Telegraph Wire Clockwork Cylinder Needle e

First Fax Machines: Giovanni Caselli (Italy) - 1861 Battery Pendulum Metal Plate And Stylus Clocks

First Fax Machines: Arthur Korn (Germany) - 1902

Developments: 1920-1980s
First telephone-based fax machine (AT&T)
1924 - Telephotography
First radiowave fax machine (RCA)
1926 - Radiophoto
Newspaper/photo Services
1930/1940s - Home based service
World War I & II
Trans-Atlantic Radio Transmission
1955 - Modern fax machines
Transmission of weather data
1960 - Commercialism
Computer fax board
1985 - Gammafax

Developments: Standards
G1 - 1968
Slow (6mins), unreliable, text and graphic material by telephone (now obsolete)
G2 - 1976
Faster (3mins), better quality (almost obsolete)
G3 - 1980 to present day
Digital transmission techniques
Fast (1min), improved resolution
Household technology
G4 - Present day
Completely digital (instant)

How Modern Fax Machines Work

Fax Machines: Statistics

Related Technologies
Modem
Photocopier
Scanner
Computer printer

Fax Machines in the Future
Email
Smart Phones
When will the fax machine finally become extinct?

References
Bellis, Mary. “T h e History of Fax Machines & Alexander Bain.” About.com: Inventors . 2009. About.com. 8 Feb. 2009 <http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/fax_machine.htm>.
Bellows, Alan. “T h e Fax Machines of the 1800’s. ” Damn Interesting . 25 Sept. 2005. DamnInteresting.com. 8 Feb. 2009 <http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=40>.
Brain, Marshall. “H o w Fax Machines Work. ” How Stuff Works . 2 Oct. 2001. HowStuffWorks.com. 8 Feb. 2009<http://communication.howstuffworks.com/fax-machine.htm>.
Costigan, Daniel M. Electronic Delivery of Documents and Graphics . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1978.
“ Fax.” Encyclop d i a Britannica . 2009. Encyclop d i a Britannica Online. 25 Feb. 2009 <http://search.eb.com.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/eb/article-2206>.
“ F a x. ” Wikipedia . 4 Feb. 2009. Wikipedia Community. 8 Feb. 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax>.
“ F a x Engineering. ” Technikum29 . 2003-2008. Museum of Computer and Communication Technology. 8 Feb 2009 <http://www.technikum29.de/en/communication/fax.shtm>.
“ F a x Machines (most recent) By Country. ” Media Statistics . NationMaster.com. 8 Feb. 2009 <http://www.nationmaster.com/red/graph/med_fax_mac-media-fax-machines&b_map=1>.
“ F r ederick Bakewell. ” Famous Scientists . 24 March 2007. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University. 8 Feb 2009 <http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/bakewell.html>.
“ G i ovanni Caselli. ” Famous Scientists . 17 May 2003. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University. 8 Feb 2009 <http://people.clarkson.edu/%7Eekatz/scientists/caselli.html>.
Hanes, David, and Gonzalo Salgueiro. Fax, Modem, and Text for IP Telephony . Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press, 2008.
“ P o ssession of Fax Machine. ” GMID - Global Market Information Database . 2009. Euromonitor International. 8 Feb. 2009.
McConnell, Kenneth R., Dennis Bodson, and Stephen Urban. FAX : Facsimile Technology and Systems . 3rd ed. Boston: Artech House, 1999.
Rensen, Marius. Fax History . 04 May 2008. HF-Fax. 8 Feb. 2009 <http://www.hffax.de/history/index.html>.

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Fax Machines

by Lisa S. on Mar 08, 2009

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