Search Analytics: Powerful diagnostics for your site Search Solutions Jumpstart Conference Call Series November 3, 2006 Louis Rosenfeld www.louisrosenfeld.com www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics

About Me Information architecture (IA) consultant; formerly president Argus Associates Publisher and founder, Rosenfeld Media (www.rosenfeldmedia.com) Background in librarianship/information science; consult for Fortune 500s Co-author, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (3rd edition out this fall) Co-founder, Information Architecture Institute (www.iainstitute.org) and UXnet (www.uxnet.org)

Information architecture (IA) consultant; formerly president Argus Associates

Publisher and founder, Rosenfeld Media (www.rosenfeldmedia.com)

Background in librarianship/information science; consult for Fortune 500s

Co-author, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (3rd edition out this fall)

Co-founder, Information Architecture Institute (www.iainstitute.org) and UXnet (www.uxnet.org)

Anatomy of a Search Log (from Google Search Appliance) Critical elements in bold: IP address , time/date stamp , query , and # of results: XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:46 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= lincense+plate &ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 971 0 0.02 XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:48 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ie=UTF-8&client=www&q= license+plate &ud=1&site=AllSites&spell=1&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 8283 146 0.16 XXX.XXX.XX.130 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:24:38 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= regional+transportation+governance+commission &ip=XXX.XXX.X.130 HTTP/1.1" 200 9718 62 0.17 Full legend and more examples here: http://www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/log_sample_google_appliance/

Critical elements in bold: IP address , time/date stamp , query , and # of results:

XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:46 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= lincense+plate &ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 971 0 0.02

XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:48 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ie=UTF-8&client=www&q= license+plate &ud=1&site=AllSites&spell=1&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 8283 146 0.16

XXX.XXX.XX.130 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:24:38 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= regional+transportation+governance+commission &ip=XXX.XXX.X.130 HTTP/1.1" 200 9718 62 0.17

The Head, the Long Tail, and the Interesting Stuff in Between Sorting queries by frequency results in a Zipf Distribution Can we improve performance for the most popular queries?

SA as Diagnostic Tool: What can you fix or improve? User Research Interface Design: search entry interface, search results Retrieval Algorithm Modification Navigation Design Metadata Development Content Development

User Research

Interface Design: search entry interface, search results

Retrieval Algorithm Modification

Navigation Design

Metadata Development

Content Development

User Research: What do they want?… SA is a true expression of users’ information needs (often surprising: e.g., SKU numbers at LL Bean; URLs at IBM) Provides context by displaying aspects of single search sessions

SA is a true expression of users’ information needs (often surprising: e.g., SKU numbers at LL Bean; URLs at IBM)

Provides context by displaying aspects of single search sessions

User Research: …who wants it?… What can you learn from knowing these things? What specific segments want; determined by: Security clearance IP address Job function Account information Which pages they initiate searches from

What can you learn from knowing these things?

What specific segments want; determined by:

Security clearance

IP address

Job function

Account information

Which pages they initiate searches from

User Research: …and when do they want it? Time-based variation (and clustered queries) By hour, by day, by season Helps determine “best bets” and “guide” develop- ment

Time-based variation (and clustered queries)

By hour, by day, by season

Helps determine “best bets” and “guide” develop- ment

Search Entry Interface Design: “The Box” or something else? SA identifies “dead end” points (e.g., 0 hits, 2000 hits) where assistance could be added (e.g., revise search, browsing alternative) Syntax of queries informs selection of search features to expose (e.g., use of Boolean operators, fielded searching) … OR…

SA identifies “dead end” points (e.g., 0 hits, 2000 hits) where assistance could be added (e.g., revise search, browsing alternative)

Syntax of queries informs selection of search features to expose (e.g., use of Boolean operators, fielded searching)

Search Results Interface Design: Which results where? #10 result is clicked through more often than #s 6, 7, 8, and 9 (ten results per page) From SLI Systems (www.sli-systems.com)

#10 result is clicked through more often than #s 6, 7, 8, and 9 (ten results per page)

Search Results Interface Design: How to sort results? Financial Times has found that users often include dates in their queries Obvious but effective improvement: Allow users to sort by date

Financial Times has found that users often include dates in their queries

Obvious but effective improvement: Allow users to sort by date

Search System: What to change? Identify new functionality: Financial Times added spell checking Retrieval algorithm modifications: Deloitte, Barnes & Noble use SA to demonstrate that basic improvements (e.g., Best Bets) are insufficient Financial Times weights company names higher

Identify new functionality: Financial Times added spell checking

Retrieval algorithm modifications:

Deloitte, Barnes & Noble use SA to demonstrate that basic improvements (e.g., Best Bets) are insufficient

Financial Times weights company names higher

Navigation: Any improvements? Michigan State University builds A-Z index automatically based on frequent queries

Michigan State University builds A-Z index automatically based on frequent queries

Navigation: Where does it fail? Track and study pages (excluding main page) where search is initiated Are there obvious issues that would cause a “dead end”? Are there user studies that could test/validate problems on these pages? Sandia Labs analyzes most requested documents to test content independent of site structure; results used to improve structure

Track and study pages (excluding main page) where search is initiated

Are there obvious issues that would cause a “dead end”?

Are there user studies that could test/validate problems on these pages?

Sandia Labs analyzes most requested documents to test content independent of site structure; results used to improve structure

Metadata Development: How do users express their needs? SA provides a sense of tone: how users’ needs are expressed Jargon (e.g., “cancer” vs. “oncology,” “lorry” vs. “truck,” acronyms) Length (e.g., number of terms/query) Syntax (e.g., Boolean, natural language, keyword)

SA provides a sense of tone: how users’ needs are expressed

Jargon (e.g., “cancer” vs. “oncology,” “lorry” vs. “truck,” acronyms)

Length (e.g., number of terms/query)

Syntax (e.g., Boolean, natural language, keyword)

Metadata Development: Which metadata values? SA helps in the creation of controlled vocabularies Terms are fodder for metadata values (e.g., “cell phone,” “JFK” vs. “John Kennedy,” “country music”), especially for determining preferred terms Works with tools that cluster synonyms (example from www.behaviortracking.com), enabling concept searching and thesaurus development

SA helps in the creation of controlled vocabularies

Terms are fodder for metadata values (e.g., “cell phone,” “JFK” vs. “John Kennedy,” “country music”), especially for determining preferred terms

Works with tools that cluster synonyms (example from www.behaviortracking.com), enabling concept searching and thesaurus development

Metadata Development: Which metadata attributes? SA helps in the creation of vocabularies Simple cluster analysis can detect metadata attributes (e.g., “product,” “person,” “topic”) Look for variations between short head and long tail (Deloitte intranet: “known-item” queries are common; research topics are infrequent) known-item queries research queries

SA helps in the creation of vocabularies

Simple cluster analysis can detect metadata attributes (e.g., “product,” “person,” “topic”)

Look for variations between short head and long tail (Deloitte intranet: “known-item” queries are common; research topics are infrequent)

Content Development: Do we have the right content? SA identifies content that can’t be found (0 results) Does the content exist? If so, there are wording, metadata, or spidering problems If not, why not? www.behaviortracking.com

SA identifies content that can’t be found (0 results)

Does the content exist? If so, there are wording, metadata, or spidering problems

If not, why not?

Content Development: Are we featuring the right stuff? Clickthrough tracking helps determine which results should rise to the top (example: SLI Systems) Also suggests which “best bets” to develop to address common queries

Clickthrough tracking helps determine which results should rise to the top (example: SLI Systems)

Also suggests which “best bets” to develop to address common queries

Organizational Impact: Educational opportunities SA is a way to “reverse engineer” how your site performs in order to: Sensitize organization to analytics, specifically related to findability Sensitize content owners/authors to benefits of good practices around content titling, tagging, and navigational placement

SA is a way to “reverse engineer” how your site performs in order to:

Sensitize organization to analytics, specifically related to findability

Sensitize content owners/authors to benefits of good practices around content titling, tagging, and navigational placement

Organizational Impact: Rethinking how you do things Financial Times learns about breaking stories from their logs by monitoring spikes in company names and individuals’ names and comparing with their current coverage Discrepancy = possible breaking story; reporter is assigned to follow up Next step? Assign reporters to “beats” that emerge from SA

Financial Times learns about breaking stories from their logs by monitoring spikes in company names and individuals’ names and comparing with their current coverage

Discrepancy = possible breaking story; reporter is assigned to follow up

Next step? Assign reporters to “beats” that emerge from SA

The Ideal SLA report 1/2 (Avi Rappoport, SearchTools.com) # searches for each week/month/quarter/year Top 1% of queries (cluster by stem if possible) Top 10% of no-matches queries Top 10% of low-matches queries? (one to 4 hits, or more depending on site size) # empty searches Changes in these over the last week/month/quarter/year Changes’ correlation to changes in the site, search engine, company profile

# searches for each week/month/quarter/year

Top 1% of queries (cluster by stem if possible)

Top 10% of no-matches queries

Top 10% of low-matches queries? (one to 4 hits, or more depending on site size)

# empty searches

Changes in these over the last week/month/quarter/year

Changes’ correlation to changes in the site, search engine, company profile

The Ideal SLA report 2/2 (Avi Rappoport , SearchTools.com) Queries showing significant increases Patterns in less-frequent queries -- names? places? web site addresses? Top pages retrieved in search results and the queries that retrieved them Queries that retrieved the best/most important pages For search zones, create reports for each zone (will have significant impact on no-matches data)

Queries showing significant increases

Patterns in less-frequent queries -- names? places? web site addresses?

Top pages retrieved in search results and the queries that retrieved them

Queries that retrieved the best/most important pages

For search zones, create reports for each zone (will have significant impact on no-matches data)

SA as User Research Method: Sleeper, but no panacea Benefits Non-intrusive Inexpensive and (usually) accessible Large volume of “real” data Represents actual usage patterns Drawbacks Provides an incomplete picture of usage: was user satisfied at session’s end? Difficult to analyze: where are the commercial tools? Ultimately an excellent complement to qualitative methods (e.g., task analysis, field studies)

Benefits

Non-intrusive

Inexpensive and (usually) accessible

Large volume of “real” data

Represents actual usage patterns

Drawbacks

Provides an incomplete picture of usage: was user satisfied at session’s end?

Difficult to analyze: where are the commercial tools?

Ultimately an excellent complement to qualitative methods (e.g., task analysis, field studies)

SA Headaches: What gets in the way? Lack of time Few useful tools for parsing logs, generating reports Tension between those who want to perform SA and those who “own” the data (chiefly IT) Ignorance of the method Hard work and/or boredom of doing analysis From summer 2006 survey (134 responses) www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/search_analytics_survey_result/

Lack of time

Few useful tools for parsing logs, generating reports

Tension between those who want to perform SA and those who “own” the data (chiefly IT)

Ignorance of the method

Hard work and/or boredom of doing analysis

From summer 2006 survey (134 responses) www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/search_analytics_survey_result/

Please Share Your SA Knowledge: Visit our “book in progress” site Search Analytics for Your Site: Conversations with your Customers by Louis Rosenfeld and Richard Wiggins (Rosenfeld Media, 2007) Site URL: www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/ Feed URL: feeds.rosenfeldmedia.com/searchanalytics/ Site contains: Reading list Survey results Perl script for parsing logs Log samples … and more

Search Analytics for Your Site: Conversations with your Customers by Louis Rosenfeld and Richard Wiggins (Rosenfeld Media, 2007)

Site URL: www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/

Feed URL: feeds.rosenfeldmedia.com/searchanalytics/

Site contains:

Reading list

Survey results

Perl script for parsing logs

Log samples

… and more

Contact Information Louis Rosenfeld LLC 902 Miller Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 USA [email_address] www.louisrosenfeld.com +1.734.302.3323 voice +1.734.661.1655 fax

Louis Rosenfeld LLC

902 Miller Avenue

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 USA

[email_address]

www.louisrosenfeld.com

+1.734.302.3323 voice

+1.734.661.1655 fax