Search Analytics: Diagnosing what ails your site

Search Analytics: Diagnosing what ails your site Michigan UPA Ann Arbor, Michigan January 17, 2007 Louis Rosenfeld www.louisrosenfeld.com www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics

About Me
Information architecture (IA) consultant; formerly president Argus Associates
Publisher and founder, Rosenfeld Media (www.rosenfeldmedia.com)
Background in librarianship/information science; consult for Fortune 500s
Co-author, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (3rd edition 11/06)
Co-founder, Information Architecture Institute (www.iainstitute.org) and UXnet (www.uxnet.org)

AOL Searcher #4417749
Interests
60 single men
aameetings in georgia
plastic surgeons in gwinnett county
applying to west point
bipolar
panic disorders
yerba mate
shedless dogs
movies for dogs
new zealand real estate
Thelma Arnold
62-year old widow
Lilburn, GA resident
NY Times , August 9, 2006: “A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749”

Our Inadvertent Search Analytics Education, courtesy AOL
http://www.aolsearchdatabase.com
650,000 searchers 21,000,000 queries

Anatomy of a Search Log (from Google Search Appliance)
Critical elements in bold: IP address , time/date stamp , query , and # of results:
XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:46 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= lincense+plate &ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 971 0 0.02
XXX.XXX.X.104 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:25:48 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ie=UTF-8&client=www&q= license+plate &ud=1&site=AllSites&spell=1&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&ip=XXX.XXX.X.104 HTTP/1.1" 200 8283 146 0.16
XXX.XXX.XX.130 - - [ 10/Jul/2006:10:24:38 -0800] "GET /search?access=p&entqr=0&output=xml_no_dtd&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&ud=1&site=AllSites&ie=UTF-8&client=www&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=www&q= regional+transportation+governance+commission &ip=XXX.XXX.X.130 HTTP/1.1" 200 9718 62 0.17
Full legend and more examples here: http://www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/log_sample_google_appliance/

Sample Query Analysis Report Download template here: http://www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/free_ms_excel_template_for_ana/

The Head, the Long Tail, and the Interesting Stuff in Between Sorting queries by frequency results in a Zipf Distribution Can we improve performance for the most popular queries?

Querying your Queries: Some basic questions 1/2
What are the most common unique queries?
Do any interesting patterns emerge from analyzing these common queries?
When common queries are searched, are the results the ones your users should be seeing?
Which common queries retrieve zero results?
Which common queries retrieve a large number of results, say 100 or more?

Querying your Queries: Some basic questions 2/2
Which common queries retrieve results that don’t get clicked through?
What page is the top source (referrer) per common query?
What is the number of click-throughs per common query?
Which result is most frequently clicked-through per common query?
What’s the average query length (number of terms, number of characters)?
Which URLs are users searching for?

Tune your Questions: Broad to specific
Netflix asks:
Which movies most frequently searched?
Which of them most frequently clicked through?
Which of them least frequently added to queue (and why)?
Examples:
“ OO7” versus “007”
Porn-related (not carried by Netflix)
“ yoga”: not stocking enough? or not indexing enough record content?

SA as Diagnostic Tool: What can you fix or improve?
User Research
Interface Design: search entry interface, search results
Retrieval Algorithm Modification
Navigation Design
Metadata Development
Content Development

User Research: What do they want?…
SA is a true expression of users’ information needs (often surprising: e.g., SKU numbers at LL Bean; URLs at IBM)
Provides context by displaying aspects of single search sessions

User Research: …who wants it?…
What can you learn from knowing these things?
What specific segments want; determined by:
Security clearance
IP address
Job function
Account information
Which pages they initiate searches from

User Research: …and when do they want it?
Time-based variation (and clustered queries)
By hour, by day, by season
Helps determine “best bets” and “guide” development

Search Entry Interface Design: “The Box” or something else?
SA identifies “dead end” points (e.g., 0 hits, 2000 hits) where assistance could be added (e.g., revise search, browsing alternative)
Syntax of queries informs selection of search features to expose (e.g., use of Boolean operators, fielded searching)
… OR…

Search Results Interface Design: Which results where?
#10 result is clicked through more often than #s 6, 7, 8, and 9 (ten results per page)
From SLI Systems (www.sli-systems.com)

Search Results Interface Design: How to sort results?
Financial Times has found that users often include dates in their queries
Obvious but effective improvement: Allow users to sort by date

Search System: What to change?
Identify new functionality: Financial Times added spell checking
Retrieval algorithm modifications:
Deloitte, Barnes & Noble use SA to demonstrate that basic improvements (e.g., Best Bets) are insufficient
Financial Times weights company names higher

Navigation: Any improvements?
Michigan State University builds A-Z index automatically based on frequent queries

Navigation: Where does it fail?
Track and study pages (excluding main page) where search is initiated
Are there obvious issues that would cause a “dead end”?
Are there user studies that could test/validate problems on these pages?
Sandia Labs analyzes most requested documents to test content independent of site structure; results used to improve structure

Metadata Development: How do users express their needs?
SA provides a sense of tone: how users’ needs are expressed
Jargon (e.g., “cancer” vs. “oncology,” “lorry” vs. “truck,” acronyms)
Length (e.g., number of terms/query)
Syntax (e.g., Boolean, natural language, keyword)

Metadata Development: Which metadata values?
SA helps in the creation of controlled vocabularies
Terms are fodder for metadata values (e.g., “cell phone,” “JFK” vs. “John Kennedy,” “country music”), especially for determining preferred terms
Works with tools that cluster synonyms (example from www.behaviortracking.com), enabling concept searching and thesaurus development

Metadata Development: Which metadata attributes?
SA helps in the creation of vocabularies
Simple cluster analysis can detect metadata attributes (e.g., “product,” “person,” “topic”)
Look for variations between short head and long tail (Deloitte intranet: “known-item” queries are common; research topics are infrequent)
known-item queries research queries

Content Development: Do we have the right content?
SA identifies content that can’t be found (0 results)
Does the content exist? If so, there are wording, metadata, or spidering problems
If not, why not?
www.behaviortracking.com

Content Development: Are we featuring the right stuff?
Clickthrough tracking helps determine which results should rise to the top (example: SLI Systems)
Also suggests which “best bets” to develop to address common queries

Organizational Impact: Educational opportunities
SA is a way to “reverse engineer” how your site performs in order to:
Sensitize organization to analytics, specifically related to findability
Sensitize content owners/authors to benefits of good practices around content titling, tagging, and navigational placement

Organizational Impact: Rethinking how you do things
Financial Times learns about breaking stories from their logs by monitoring spikes in company names and individuals’ names and comparing with their current coverage
Discrepancy = possible breaking story; reporter is assigned to follow up
Next step? Assign reporters to “beats” that emerge from SA

SA as User Research Method: Sleeper, but no panacea
Benefits
Non-intrusive
Inexpensive and (usually) accessible
Large volume of “real” data
Represents actual usage patterns
Drawbacks
Provides an incomplete picture of usage: was user satisfied at session’s end?
Difficult to analyze: where are the commercial tools?
Ultimately an excellent complement to qualitative methods (e.g., task analysis, field studies)

SA Headaches: What gets in the way?
Lack of time
Few useful tools for parsing logs, generating reports
Tension between those who want to perform SA and those who “own” the data (chiefly IT)
Ignorance of the method
Hard work and/or boredom of doing analysis
From summer 2006 survey (134 responses) www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/blog/search_analytics_survey_result/

Please Share Your SA Knowledge: Visit our “book in progress” site
Search Analytics for Your Site: Conversations with your Customers by Louis Rosenfeld and Richard Wiggins (Rosenfeld Media, 2007)
Site URL: www.rosenfeldmedia.com/books/searchanalytics/
Feed URL: feeds.rosenfeldmedia.com/searchanalytics/
Site contains:
Reading list
Survey results
Perl script for parsing logs
Log samples
Report templates
… and more

Contact Information
Louis Rosenfeld LLC
902 Miller Avenue
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103 USA
[email_address]
www.louisrosenfeld.com
+1.734.302.3323 voice
+1.734.661.1655 fax

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Search Analytics: Diagnosing what ails your site

by Louis Rosenfeld

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