The First
Amendment
SLANDER

The First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the
government for a redress of grievances.

There are four main types of speech:
• commercial speech (ie; truth in
advertising)
• symbolic speech (ie; burning a flag)
• libel (ie; written or published
untruthful statement)
• slander (ie; a spoken untruthful
statement)

Speech is limited
when…
• it will incite
(start) violence

Speech is limited
when…
• it will incite
(start) violence
• if there is libel or
slander

Speech is limited
when…
• it will incite
(start) violence
• if there is libel or
slander
• when there is a
clear case of
present danger

Speech is limited
when…
• it will incite
(start) violence
• if there is libel or
slander
• when there is a
clear case of modesty
present danger patch
• or it uses
obscenities