Rise of Hitler and his “Final Solution”

History of Genocide Genocide- Term first used by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944 to describe Nazi policies of systematic murder. Term created by combining geno- , from the Greek word for race or tribe, with - cide , from the Latin word for killing.

Genocide- Term first used by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944 to describe Nazi policies of systematic murder.

Term created by combining geno- , from the Greek word for race or tribe, with - cide , from the Latin word for killing.

History of Genocide Yet Holocaust of WWII not first example of such genocide. Two previous examples: Spanish Inquisition in 1492—Jews expelled from Spain.

Yet Holocaust of WWII not first example of such genocide. Two previous examples:

Spanish Inquisition in 1492—Jews expelled from Spain.

Many accused of not following the Catholic faith of the King and Queen were forced to wear sanbenitos - marked robes and hoods, and marched through the streets before being put to death during the Spanish Inquisition.

History of Genocide Armenia-1915-1918 Land disputes result in Turks rounding up those of Armenian descent…starved, beaten, raped, killed. Deported to Syria (Estimated 500,000 killed). Map Surrounding countries did little to stop. Hitler refers to this indifference: “ Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?”

Armenia-1915-1918

Land disputes result in Turks rounding up those of Armenian descent…starved, beaten, raped, killed. Deported to Syria (Estimated 500,000 killed). Map

Surrounding countries did little to stop.

Hitler refers to this indifference:

“ Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?”

Armenian Refugees

Impact of World War I WWI (1914-1918) first called “the war to end all wars.” Fought because of conflicts with European powers and quest for military superiority, land control and national pride. Germany and other Central Powers defeated. War ends with Treaty of Versailles—restrictions intent on limiting powers of losing nations.

WWI (1914-1918) first called “the war to end all wars.”

Fought because of conflicts with European powers and quest for military superiority, land control and national pride.

Germany and other Central Powers defeated. War ends with Treaty of Versailles—restrictions intent on limiting powers of losing nations.

Between World Wars 1920’s – Good economic times for most of Europe (and United States). Many spend beyond their means—increased personal and national debts. 1929—U.S. Stock Market Crash leads to loss of savings and widespread unemployment. Germany among hardest hit as it did not enjoy prosperity of 1920’s. Germany-unemployment rate rose to 23%; people desperate for change.

1920’s – Good economic times for most of Europe (and United States). Many spend beyond their means—increased personal and national debts.

1929—U.S. Stock Market Crash leads to loss of savings and widespread unemployment.

Germany among hardest hit as it did not enjoy prosperity of 1920’s.

Germany-unemployment rate rose to 23%; people desperate for change.

Rise of Adolf Hitler 1919-1933-After serving in WWI, Hitler becomes involved in German politics. 1923-Arrested during anti-government protest and writes Mein Kamp ( My Struggle ) while in prison, 1924-25.

1919-1933-After serving in WWI, Hitler becomes involved in German politics.

1923-Arrested during anti-government protest and writes Mein Kamp ( My Struggle ) while in prison, 1924-25.

Hitler blames Jews for all the economic problems. Calls them a “cancer” to German society. “ Purify” Germany and it will rise to be a great power it once was. Helps start National Socialist Party (Nazi ) and makes name for himself with charismatic speaking. Video clip from 1933 speech (:56) Rise of Hitler

Hitler blames Jews for all the economic problems. Calls them a “cancer” to German society.

“ Purify” Germany and it will rise to be a great power it once was.

Helps start National Socialist Party (Nazi ) and makes name for himself with charismatic speaking.

Video clip from 1933 speech (:56)

Hitler chooses “SVASTIKA”-symbol for Nazi party. Represents powerful hammer of the god Thor in a circular, swinging motion. (symbol of both creation and destruction). Rise of Hitler

Hitler chooses “SVASTIKA”-symbol for Nazi party.

Represents powerful hammer of the god Thor in a circular, swinging motion. (symbol of both creation and destruction).

Rise of Hitler January 30, 1933-Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. After fire to the Reichstag, the German “capitol”, (fire likely set by the Nazis) Hitler assumes emergency powers to “protect nation.” European leaders do little to stop Hitler from strengthening powers and defying Treaty of Versailles .

January 30, 1933-Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.

After fire to the Reichstag, the German “capitol”, (fire likely set by the Nazis) Hitler assumes emergency powers to “protect nation.”

European leaders do little to stop Hitler from strengthening powers and defying Treaty of Versailles .

Use of Propaganda Hitler opens propaganda department to persuade people to follow his views. This poster reads, “The Eternal Jew”. The idea was that Jews were evil, and would never change.

Hitler opens propaganda department to persuade people to follow his views.

This poster reads, “The Eternal Jew”. The idea was that Jews were evil, and would never change.

Hitler’s Three Main Goals 1) Destroy his opponents in Germany. 2) Make Germany the strongest country in Europe by expanding its borders. 3) “Purify" Germany—and then Europe—of "racial enemies" and establish Aryans as the "master race."

1) Destroy his opponents in Germany.

2) Make Germany the strongest country in Europe by expanding its borders.

3) “Purify" Germany—and then Europe—of "racial enemies" and establish Aryans as the "master race."

Time line under Hitler March, 1933- Nazis open four concentration camps in Germany: Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen and Ravensbruck. Camps built near quarries for the purpose of using prisoners as slaves to mine materials for the Reich building plan. (Within 10 years, there were over 1,000 camps.) April, 1933-Nazis sponsor boycott of Jewish businesses

March, 1933- Nazis open four concentration camps in Germany: Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen and Ravensbruck.

Camps built near quarries for the purpose of using prisoners as slaves to mine materials for the Reich building plan. (Within 10 years, there were over 1,000 camps.)

April, 1933-Nazis sponsor boycott of Jewish businesses

Nazi soldier outside a Jewish-owned shop with message to encourage Germans to boycott the store.

Steps toward “purifying” Germany November 9-10, 1938-Kristellnacht “Night of broken glass” Jewish businesses throughout Germany and Austria destroyed. Thousands of Jews beaten, rounded up and sent to concentration camps. More and more restrictions placed on Jews: curfews, business restrictions , banned from parks, schools, etc. 1939-Yellow Star of David badge first required to be warn by Jewish males and females age six and older. Many sent to concentration camps (other “non-desirables” also targeted-- Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, physically and mentally disabled, homosexuals, etc.)

November 9-10, 1938-Kristellnacht “Night of broken glass” Jewish businesses throughout Germany and Austria destroyed. Thousands of Jews beaten, rounded up and sent to concentration camps.

More and more restrictions placed on Jews:

curfews, business restrictions , banned from parks, schools, etc.

1939-Yellow Star of David badge first required to be warn by Jewish males and females age six and older.

Many sent to concentration camps (other “non-desirables”

also targeted-- Gypsies, Catholics, Communists, physically

and mentally disabled, homosexuals, etc.)

Some of the badges various groups were required to wear in Nazi concentration camps.

Hitler defies WWI treaty 1936 Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles by sending troops into Rhineland, a “demilitarized” zone West of Germany, along Rhine River. March, 1938-Rolls in and annexes (adds ) Austria with no resistance. March, 1939-Invades Czechoslovakia.

1936 Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles by sending troops into Rhineland, a “demilitarized” zone West of Germany, along Rhine River.

March, 1938-Rolls in and annexes (adds ) Austria with no resistance.

March, 1939-Invades Czechoslovakia.

World War II begins September 1, 1939- Hitler invades Poland September 3, 1939-France and Britain declare war on Germany. Allied and Axis powers at war. U.S. officially remains neutral at first, but supplies Allies. Many in U.S. sympathize with Hitler and anti-Jewish views. Most know little about concentration camps. Attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, finally brings U.S. into war.

September 1, 1939- Hitler invades Poland

September 3, 1939-France and Britain declare war on Germany.

Allied and Axis powers at war.

U.S. officially remains neutral at first, but supplies Allies.

Many in U.S. sympathize with Hitler and anti-Jewish views.

Most know little about concentration camps.

Attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, finally brings U.S. into war.

Segregation of Jews Increases It was not long before people of Jewish ancestry were forced to leave their homes and settle in ghettos .

Living conditions in most ghettos were not good. This is a picture taken in the Lublin Ghetto (Poland). Room is typical of the quality of Ghetto hospitality.

Living conditions in most ghettos were not good. This is a picture taken in the Lublin Ghetto (Poland). Room is typical of the quality of Ghetto hospitality.

Children were forced to work long hours in the ghettos. Violence against those living in the ghettos was commonplace.

“ Final Solution” 1941-“Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe” officially proposed. The plan—systematic extermination of Jews. (Already more than a million Jews had been killed, but the plan now made genocide an established policy).

1941-“Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe” officially proposed.

The plan—systematic extermination of Jews. (Already more than a million Jews had been killed, but the plan now made genocide an established policy).

Carrying out the Plan More camps built to carry out this plan. Death Camps- built with gas chambers designed as showers. Zyclon B -cyanide based pesticide is used.

More camps built to carry out this plan.

Death Camps- built with gas chambers designed as showers.

Zyclon B -cyanide based pesticide is used.

One of the most famous of these Extermination Camps was Auschwitz, in Poland. The front wall of the camp still stands today.

Nazis record evidence The Nazi leaders called for detailed documentation and captured much of their atrocities on film. This evidence was used to help convict Nazis of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials following the end of WWII.

The Nazi leaders called for detailed documentation and captured much of their atrocities on film.

This evidence was used to help convict Nazis of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials following the end of WWII.

Jewish population in Europe after war was 1/3 of what it had been. Total population- 3,463,500

Inscription above eternal flame in Holocaust museum’s Hall of Remembrance: "Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life. And you shall make them known to your children and to your children's children."