The Protestant Reformation Through Maps Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

R. H. Bainton The Reformation of the 16c Thus, the papacy emerged as something between an Italian city-state and European power, without forgetting at the same time the claim to be the vice-regent of Christ. The Pope often could not make up his mind whether he was the successor of Peter or of Caesar. Such vacillation had much to do with the rise and success of the Protestant Reformation.

Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption Avignon Papacy and Babylonian Captivity The Great Schism 1309 - 1414 Council of Constance 1414 Marsilius of Padua  Defensor Pacis [ Defender of the Faith ] The Pope was head of the Church - only The Church’s power belonged with a council of clergy and lay people

Church corruption

Avignon Papacy and Babylonian Captivity

The Great Schism 1309 - 1414

Council of Constance 1414

Marsilius of Padua  Defensor Pacis [ Defender of the Faith ]

The Pope was head of the Church - only

The Church’s power belonged with a council of clergy and lay people

Early Reformers John Wycliffe Priest and Teacher at Oxford University Offended by the power and wealth of the church Wanted individuals to read and interpret the Bible Promoted the publication of the Bible in English Accused of heresy Backed by the Royal Court, forced into retirement Jan Huss Teacher at University of Prague Read Wycliffe’s work - inspired Criticized the church - excommunicated Condemned as a heretic at the Council of Constance (1414) Burned at the stake

Early Reformers

John Wycliffe

Priest and Teacher at Oxford University

Offended by the power and wealth of the church

Wanted individuals to read and interpret the Bible

Promoted the publication of the Bible in English

Accused of heresy

Backed by the Royal Court, forced into retirement

Jan Huss

Teacher at University of Prague

Read Wycliffe’s work - inspired

Criticized the church - excommunicated

Condemned as a heretic at the Council of Constance (1414)

Burned at the stake

The Spread of the Printing Press

Movable Type Printing Press, 1450 Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz Germany Movable type - technology from China Quicker printing of all books Bible printed around 1450

Movable Type Printing Press, 1450

Johannes Gutenberg, Mainz Germany

Movable type - technology from China

Quicker printing of all books

Bible printed around 1450

The Holy Roman Empire in the 16 c

The Spread of Lutheranism

Martin Luther, 1483-1546 Priest, Wittenberg, Germany University of Erfurt studies Law & Theology 1505 hit by lightning Renounced his secular life - could not find the balance between ambition and faith Joined Order of the Hermits of St Augustine Read, fasted and prayed Found his way with reading the Bible Transferred to Wittenberg Tried teaching theology Found preaching more comfort Came to believe that faith in God alone would allow salvation Disenchanted with the worldliness of the Church Hated the practice of selling Indulgences Johann Tetzel - raising money for St Peter’s Basilica Protested with the 95 Thesis in 1517

Martin Luther, 1483-1546

Priest, Wittenberg, Germany

University of Erfurt studies Law & Theology

1505 hit by lightning

Renounced his secular life - could not find the balance between ambition and faith

Joined Order of the Hermits of St Augustine

Read, fasted and prayed

Found his way with reading the Bible

Transferred to Wittenberg

Tried teaching theology

Found preaching more comfort

Came to believe that faith in God alone would allow salvation

Disenchanted with the worldliness of the Church

Hated the practice of selling Indulgences

Johann Tetzel - raising money for St Peter’s Basilica

Protested with the 95 Thesis in 1517

The Peasant Revolt - 1525

Calvin’s World in the 16 c

John Calvin Followed the legacy of Huldrych Zwingli Believed in: faith in God reading and interpreting the Bible Predestination - the elect - dedicated to God’s wishes Geneva, Switzerland,1536 Theocracy Strict rules designed to show the world that they were the elect Protestant Reformation

John Calvin

Followed the legacy of Huldrych Zwingli

Believed in:

faith in God

reading and interpreting the Bible

Predestination - the elect - dedicated to God’s wishes

Geneva, Switzerland,1536

Theocracy

Strict rules designed to show the world that they were the elect

Calvin preached that people should live good, thrifty, temperate lives. These people became the business classes of Europe. -- Calvinism – based in Geneva, Switzerland -- Huguenots -- French Calvinists -- Presbyterians -- Scottish Calvinists -- Puritans -- English Calvinists that left Calvinist Sects

Calvin preached that people should live good, thrifty, temperate lives. These people became the business classes of Europe.

-- Calvinism – based in Geneva, Switzerland

-- Huguenots -- French Calvinists

-- Presbyterians -- Scottish Calvinists

-- Puritans -- English Calvinists that left

Protestant Churches in France (Late 16 c )

Tudor England Before 1529, England was a Catholic country. Henry VIII was not happy in his marriage. He changed the whole system of religion in England. Creating the Church of England also called the Anglican Church. He benefited greatly from the change!

The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )