The network rewrites the catalog Lorcan Dempsey University of Virginia Libraries April 26 2007

Overview Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

1 The network rewrites behaviors

Workflow Attention Gravity: the long tail

Workflow

Attention

Gravity: the long tail

~18 months old No FaceBook, MySpace Library?

University of Minnesota http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/KM%20JStor%20Presentation.pps

Chris Beckett http://www.scholinfo.com/presentations/2006/8/10/the-new-world-order-in-collection-development-the-commercial-perspective.html

Database > website > workflow

Prefabricated (e.g. CMS) Self assembled digital identity

Get into the flow Disclose into other environments Now : The library must build its services around user workflow Then : The user built workflow around the library

Get into the flow

Disclose into other environments

Competition for attention Now : Attention scarce, resources abundant Then : Resources scarce, attention abundant

Competition for attention

The long tail: manage attention? Systemwide efficiences Aggregation of supply Unified discovery Low transaction costs Aggregation of demand Mobilize users Brand Impact?

Aggregation of supply

Unified discovery

Low transaction costs

Aggregation of demand

Mobilize users

Brand

2 A webscale library experience

A library experience which matches the experience of the web?

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns: a rich texture of suggestion (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns: a rich texture of suggestion (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

high low low high stewardship uniqueness Books Journals Newspapers Gov. docs CD, DVD Maps Scores Special collections Rare books Local/Historical newspapers Local history materials Archives & Manuscripts, Theses & dissertations Research and learning materials ePrints/tech reports Learning objects Courseware E-portfolios Research data Freely-accessible web resources Open source software Newsgroup archives

Research and learning materials

ePrints/tech reports

Learning objects

Courseware

E-portfolios

Research data

Print Licensed Digital Research & learning outputs … Catalog Metasearch Resolver Repositories … Repositories … ILS ERM Knowledgebase

… Management environment User environment Switch: delivery, routing, resolution

? Primo, Encore, …. Metasearch? Local loading Google scholar, Scopus, Worldcat, ….

Primo, Encore, ….

Metasearch?

Local loading

Google scholar, Scopus, Worldcat, ….

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

library Consumer environments Management environment Licensed Bought Faculty& students Digitized Aggregations Resource sharing Integrated local user environment? Library web presence Resource sharing, … … Institutional Workflow Portals, CMS, IR, … Personal Workflow RSS, toolbars, .. Network level workflow Google, …

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

University of Washington on WorldCat.org (screen shot)

Holdings: Local, Group, Global Summit collections Univ Washington collections WorldCat

Detailed record – item held by UW

Personal and social

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Detailed record – request item

Request handled locally

Item not held by UW or Summit

Article citations

Article citations

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns: a texture of suggestion (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns: a texture of suggestion (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

‘ Expert’ Programmatic ‘ Crowdsourced’ Use (intention/attention) Social network?

‘ Expert’

Programmatic

‘ Crowdsourced’

Use (intention/attention)

? Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon) In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …) Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious) Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..) Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….) Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

Comprehensive: unified discovery: its all there (e.g. Google, Amazon)

In the flow: disclosed into research and learning workflows (toolbars, apis, …)

Telescopic: a personal to global traverse (e.g. delicious)

Low transaction costs: A short path between discovery and fulfilment (e.g iTunes, Google, Amazon, ..)

Network: navigable knowledge patterns (e.g. ….)

Reflexive: adapt based on aggregate intention/attention (e.g. page rank, people who read this, personalize, ..)

3 Some current catalog responses

Local Discovery Environments Shared Discovery Environments Syndicated Discovery Environments Leveraged Discovery Environments

Local Discovery Environments

Shared Discovery Environments

Syndicated Discovery Environments

Leveraged Discovery Environments

Local Discovery environment Some (not necessarily aligned) motivations Make data work harder Integrate access to locally managed resources Escape from ILS limitations NCSU Rochester SOLR Worldcat 2.0 Primo Encore …

Some (not necessarily aligned) motivations

Make data work harder

Integrate access to locally managed resources

Escape from ILS limitations

NCSU

Rochester

SOLR

Worldcat 2.0

Primo

Encore …

Shared discovery environment Increase impact Create gravitational pull Aggregate demand and supply Reduce costs Summit OhioLink Libraries Australia … .

Increase impact

Create gravitational pull

Aggregate demand and supply

Reduce costs

Summit

OhioLink

Libraries Australia

… .

Some comments Integration of discovery to delivery becoming essential A move to shared environments seems more likely with increased ability to ‘view’ different levels Increased gravitational pull: greater use of collections Growing evidence

Integration of discovery to delivery becoming essential

A move to shared environments seems more likely with increased ability to ‘view’ different levels

Increased gravitational pull: greater use of collections

Growing evidence

Syndicated discovery experience Syndicate data or service or links

Syndicate data or service or links

Some remarks Syndication of data now common among data providers Routing issue for non-unique materials Resolution services Worldcat and other union catalogs Libraries exposing licensed content holdings interesting Google Scholar

Syndication of data now common among data providers

Routing issue for non-unique materials

Resolution services

Worldcat and other union catalogs

Libraries exposing licensed content holdings interesting

Google Scholar

Service disclosure of growing importance APIs Web services Portlets HTML fragments – ‘search boxes’ Toolbars Widgets, extensions, … RSS Interesting project: Sakaibrary Slower to develop than expected?

Service disclosure of growing importance

APIs

Web services

Portlets

HTML fragments – ‘search boxes’

Toolbars

Widgets, extensions, …

RSS

Interesting project: Sakaibrary

Slower to develop than expected?

The Leveraged discovery experience In some ways the most interesting Use another discovery service to connect back to your resources Compare to the situation with article databases and resolvers

In some ways the most interesting

Use another discovery service to connect back to your resources

Compare to the situation with article databases and resolvers

Some remarks Some of these are toy-like now, but indicate a direction Increased capacity to ‘sense’ structure (microformats) will improve ability.

Some of these are toy-like now, but indicate a direction

Increased capacity to ‘sense’ structure (microformats) will improve ability.