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ืคื•ืจื•ื  " ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•ืงืงืช "  ืžืคื’ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™   27.10.2008 ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืข " ื™ ืขืžื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืจ
ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ .  ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™  " ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ "  ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื   ( ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ,  ืืจื” " ื‘ ื•ืื™ืจืœื ื“ )   ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ,  ื”ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ,  ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ .  ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ  " ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ",  ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ,  ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ,  ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ : ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ,  ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืื” ื” -15  ืข " ื™ ืจื•ืคื ืื™ืจื™ .  ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ " ( Whiskey )  ื›ืชืจื•ืคื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ .  ืœืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืจื™ื ,  ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ .  ( ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืืฃ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ). ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™
[object Object],ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ,  ืืš  ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›  200  ืฉื ื” ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ .  ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ . ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ,  ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื•ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืžืืœื˜ ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ .  ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื” -19,  ื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืกืขืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืื—ื•ืจ .  ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืคืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ,  ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื–ืงืงื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื’ื“ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื•ืฉื ื” .  ื•ื›ืš ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœ ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ : ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืžื• ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื ื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ .
[object Object],In 1858 , a blight ( ืžื’ืคื” ) destroyed France's vineyards and consequently supplies of brandy dried up.  Traditional brandy drinkers switched to Irish whiskey and Jameson sales soared .  Before Prohibition ( " ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ "  ื‘ืืจื” " ื‘ ) in 1919, Jameson was a best selling whiskey in America.  But after Prohibition, exports of Jameson to the USA ground to a halt.  Up until 1922, Jameson was the most popular whiskey in the British Empire.  But after Irish Independence, English tariff barriers priced it out of the market.  Without overseas demand, all 400 Irish whiskey brands fell into decline. The future looked bleak for Irish distillery market.
[object Object],By 1966, only four whiskey distilling companies were left in the Republic of Ireland.  In a bold bid to keep the spirit of Irish whiskey alive, the four joined forces and formed Irish Distillers. In 1975, Irish Distillers opened a new state of the art whiskey distillery in Midleton Co. Cork.  Today, Jameson Irish Whiskey is the fastest growing international whiskey in the world.
[object Object],ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื›  - 200  ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืจื’ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ,  ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›  3.25  ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืจื’ื–ื™ื  ื‘ืœื‘ื“ . ืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื™ื ื ืฉืœื˜ ื›ื™ื•ื ืข " ื™ ื’ ' ื™ื™ืžืกื•ืŸ ,  ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืคืจื ื• ืจื™ื›ืจื“ . ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื‘ื•ืฉืžื™ืœืก ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื˜ื•ืœื•ืžื•ืจ ื“ื™ื• .  ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉืžื™ืœืก ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ื› - 500,000  ืืจื’ื–ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช  1,950,000  ืืจื’ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ ' ื™ื™ืžืกื•ืŸ  ( ื˜ื•ืœื•ืžื•ืจ  400,000  ืืจื’ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ  9  ืœื™ื˜ืจ ). ื‘ืฉื ืช  2008  ืชื—ื’ื•ื’ ื”ืžื–ืงืงื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื•ืฉืžื™ืœืก  400  ืฉื ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” .
Irish Stuff โ€“ Have a drink!
It is a sad fact that from a land that once had thousands  of distilleries the are left only three legal distilleries today .  They are:   Bushmills  Distillery   in Co. Antrim   Cooley Distillery   in Co. Louth   Midleton  Distillery   in Co. Cork Of these distilleries Bushmills and Midleton are part of the Irish Distillers Group. Cooley Distillery is the only source of independent Irish whiskey .  There are also two Distillery Museums located on the sites of former distilleries The   Jameson's   old Bow Street Distillery in Dublin, and   Locke's   Distillery Museum in Kilbeggan Co. Westmeath.  ืžื–ืงืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“
On the Map: A. New  Midleton  Distillery   in Co. Cork B.  Cooley Distillery   in Co. Louth   C. Old  Bushmills  Distillery   in Co. Antrim   ืžืคืช ืžื–ืงืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“
ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ,  ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ืื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ,  ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืงืœื™ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืจื•ืžื•ืช . ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ ,  ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ,  ืžื‘ื•ืงื‘ืง ื‘ืจืžื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื› - 40%-43%,  ืฆื‘ืขื• ืขื ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ืืš ืœืœื ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ,  ื”ืขื•ืงืฆื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกืคื•ืก ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื•  ( ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ).  ื‘ื“ " ื› ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืœ ' ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ',  ืื• ื›ื–ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ืœื’ื™ืžื” ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช .
ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืงืจื  " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ "  ืœืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ,  ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื .  ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ,  ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช .  ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ,  ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž - 20  ืฉื ื” ,  ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื™  25  ืฉื ื” , 30  ื•ืืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ .
ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”  ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืœื™ืœ ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื ื‘ื˜ืช  ( un-malted barley ).  ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืืœื˜ ,  ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืœื ื•ืขื’ื•ืœ ,  ืืš ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืžื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ .  ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืื˜ื” ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื™ื .  ื–ื”ื• ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื™ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ,  ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• . ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื”  ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ :  ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืœ  ( Peat ).  ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ,  ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื• .  ื›ืฉืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ,  ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ,  ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ,  ืขื ืขืฉืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ,  ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืœื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื•ืจื™ื—ื .  ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืฉืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืœ .  ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ ืžืคื—ืžื™ -  ืขืฅ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ,  ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืœื ืžืขื•ืฉืŸ . ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช  ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืง .  ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืžื–ื•ืงืง ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ ,  ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื .  ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ,  ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื–ืงืงื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ,  ื›ืš ื”ืชื–ืงื™ืง ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ .  ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ,  ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื” .  ื•ืœื›ืŸ ,  ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ,  ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ ,  ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื—ืœืงืœืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช .
ืฉืงืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ โ€“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ,  ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœ - 3  ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช : ื”ืžืืœื˜  ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ - 500  ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ,  ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช .  ืœืžื” ?  ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ,  ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืžืืœื˜ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ,  ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ,  ืื• ืฉืกืชื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื  " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ "  ื• " ืžืืœื˜ "  ืœื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ .  ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ,  ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืžืืœื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ . ื”ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ  ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ,  ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื–ืงื™ืง ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื .  ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืจืง ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ ,  ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืืœื˜ ,  ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื ื‘ื˜ืช ,  ื—ื™ื˜ื” ,  ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ .  ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ,  ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ :  ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ . ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“  ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืžืืœื˜ ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ .  ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™  " ืœื™ื™ื˜ ",  ื’ื ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื–ื” .  ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ ,  ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžื–ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืืœื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ,  ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ,  ื•ืื•ืจื›ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ,  ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื ืžื”ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงื‘ืง .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The difference between Whisky and Whiskey
[object Object],John Jameson established the Bow St Distillery in  1780 .  Originally one of the six main Dublin Whiskeys, Jameson it is now distilled in  Cork .  With annual sales of over 31 million bottles, Jameson is by far the most famous,  most highly regarded and best selling  Irish whiskey  in the world, as it has been internationally since the early 1800's when Old John Jameson along with his son Young John was producing over a million gallons annually.
[object Object],Jameson Irish whiskey is produced from a mixture of  malted  and unmalted or "green" Irish  barley , all sourced from within a fifty mile radius around the distillery in  Cork .  The barley is dried in a closed kiln fired by clean-burning  anthracite  coal to preserve its clean pure flavours.  Like most  Irish whiskey , Jameson is triple distilled for optimum smoothness.  The philosophy is balance, ensuring that no one flavor element overpowers another.
[object Object],As well as Jameson Original, some other whiskeys are marketed under the Jameson name. These are: Crested Ten   Jameson 12 Year Old Special Reserve (Formerly known as Jameson 1780)  Jameson 12 Year Old Distillery Reserve. Only sold in Dublin's Jameson old distillery " jameson  visitor center ". Retrieved on  2008 - 01-02 .  Jameson Gold Reserve (the only expression of Jameson that uses virgin American oak).  Jameson 18 Year Old Limited Reserve  Jameson Rarest Vintage Reserve (Jameson's oldest and rarest components).  Jameson Signature Reserve.
[object Object],Claiming to be the "Worlds Oldest Whiskey Distillery" based on the undisputed fact that a seven year license to distil dating from April 20th 1608 is attributed to the distillery.  Located near the town of Bushmills in Co. Antrim The distillery has had its "ups and downs" including being destroyed by fire in 1885. It is now currently part of the Irish Distillers Group having been bought in 1972. Bushmills produces many fine Whiskeys the most well known being Bushmills Irish Whiskey However they also produce the classic Bushmills Black Bush.  In 1996 Bushmills also started to supply Bushmills 16 year old rare single Irish malt Whiskey.  http://www.bushmills.com/en-row/home/Bushmills_home/
[object Object],Paddy whiskey is distilled three times and matured in oak casks for up to seven years. Paddy has a high malt content in its blend in comparison to other Irish whiskeys,  this ensures that Paddy is 'One of the softest of all Ireland's whiskeys'. http:// www.paddy.ie /
[object Object],Paddy Old Irish WhiskeyPaddy Whiskey was first produced by the Cork Distilleries Company in 1779,  In 1881 the company hired a young Corkman called Paddy Flaherty as salesman.  Paddy travelled the pubs of Cork, buying drinks for the customers.  His sales techniques were so good that his name became synonymous with the whiskey both in Ireland and abroad.  In 1912, the distillery officially renamed the whiskey Paddy Irish Whiskey in his honor.
ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื’ืช  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Irish Whiskey

  • 1. ืคื•ืจื•ื " ื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื–ื•ืงืงืช " ืžืคื’ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ 27.10.2008 ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืข " ื™ ืขืžื™ืช ื“ืจื•ืจ
  • 2. ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ . ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ " ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ " ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ( ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ , ืืจื” " ื‘ ื•ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ) ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• , ื”ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช , ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ . ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ " ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ", ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ , ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช , ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ : ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ , ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืื” ื” -15 ืข " ื™ ืจื•ืคื ืื™ืจื™ . ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ " ( Whiskey ) ื›ืชืจื•ืคื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ . ืœืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืื™ืจื™ื , ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ . ( ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืืฃ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ). ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™
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  • 7. Irish Stuff โ€“ Have a drink!
  • 8. It is a sad fact that from a land that once had thousands of distilleries the are left only three legal distilleries today . They are: Bushmills Distillery in Co. Antrim Cooley Distillery in Co. Louth Midleton Distillery in Co. Cork Of these distilleries Bushmills and Midleton are part of the Irish Distillers Group. Cooley Distillery is the only source of independent Irish whiskey . There are also two Distillery Museums located on the sites of former distilleries The Jameson's old Bow Street Distillery in Dublin, and Locke's Distillery Museum in Kilbeggan Co. Westmeath. ืžื–ืงืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“
  • 9. On the Map: A. New Midleton Distillery in Co. Cork B. Cooley Distillery in Co. Louth C. Old Bushmills Distillery in Co. Antrim ืžืคืช ืžื–ืงืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“
  • 10. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ , ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ืื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ , ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืงืœื™ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืจื•ืžื•ืช . ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ , ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ , ืžื‘ื•ืงื‘ืง ื‘ืจืžื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื› - 40%-43%, ืฆื‘ืขื• ืขื ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ืืš ืœืœื ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช , ื”ืขื•ืงืฆื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกืคื•ืก ื”ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื• ( ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ). ื‘ื“ " ื› ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืœ ' ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ', ืื• ื›ื–ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ืœื’ื™ืžื” ืœื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช .
  • 11. ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืงืจื " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ " ืœืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื , ื›ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื . ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ , ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช . ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช , ื ื“ื™ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž - 20 ืฉื ื” , ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื” , 30 ื•ืืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ .
  • 12. ืงืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืœื™ืœ ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื ื‘ื˜ืช ( un-malted barley ). ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืืœื˜ , ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืœื ื•ืขื’ื•ืœ , ืืš ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืžื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ . ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืื˜ื” ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื™ื . ื–ื”ื• ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื™ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื , ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• . ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ : ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ( Peat ). ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื , ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื• . ื›ืฉืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“ , ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื , ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ , ืขื ืขืฉืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ืœ , ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืœื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื•ืจื™ื—ื . ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืฉืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืœ . ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืฉืŸ ืžืคื—ืžื™ - ืขืฅ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื , ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืœื ืžืขื•ืฉืŸ . ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืง . ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืžื–ื•ืงืง ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ , ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื . ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืงื” , ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื–ืงืงื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ , ื›ืš ื”ืชื–ืงื™ืง ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ . ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ , ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื” . ื•ืœื›ืŸ , ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ , ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ , ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื—ืœืงืœืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช .
  • 13. ืฉืงืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ โ€“ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช
  • 14. ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ , ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœ - 3 ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช : ื”ืžืืœื˜ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ - 500 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“ , ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช . ืœืžื” ? ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ , ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืžืืœื˜ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ , ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื , ืื• ืฉืกืชื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื " ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ " ื• " ืžืืœื˜ " ืœื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ . ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช , ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื”ืžืืœื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ . ื”ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ , ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื—ื™ื• ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื–ืงื™ืง ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื . ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืจืง ื‘ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ืจืฆื™ืฃ , ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืืœื˜ , ืฉืขื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื ื‘ื˜ืช , ื—ื™ื˜ื” , ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ . ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืื™ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช , ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ : ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ . ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ืžืืœื˜ ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ . ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ " ืœื™ื™ื˜ ", ื’ื ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ ื”ืื™ืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื–ื” . ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืŸ , ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžื–ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืืœื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืืจื•ืžื•ืช , ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืœื ื“ื“ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ , ื•ืื•ืจื›ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื , ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื ืžื”ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงื‘ืง .
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