Introduction to Human Anatomy

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    Introduction to Human Anatomy - Presentation Transcript

    1. INTRODUCTION TO
      Anatomy & physiology
      by: adamlinoby
      Human Body
      Week 1
      V 1.0
    2. introduction
      Anatomy
      Studies of the body parts
      and their relationships.
      Study of large body structure.
      (e.g: heart, lungs, kidneys… etc.)
      • can be further divided into:
      1. Regional Anatomy
      - all structures in one particular region.
      Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy
    3. Cont..
      2. Systemic Anatomy
      - system by system
      3. Surface Anatomy
      - study of internal body structures
      Microscopic Anatomy
      Very small structures that cannot be
      seen with naked eyes.
      1. Cytology
      - Study of body cells
      2. Histology
      - Study of body tissues
    4. Cont..
      Developmental Anatomy
      Structural changes to the body
      throughout lifespan.
      1. Embryology
      - Development which occur before birth
    5. introduction
      Physiology
      Study of the body function
      • System Physiology
      - study of body system’s function
      • Comparative Physiology
      - study of various characteristics
      of living organisms
      • Medical Physiology
      - study of physiological dysfunction
      and diseases
    6. STRUCTURAL LEVEL OF A BODY
      Chemical
      Combination of atoms to form molecules
      Cell
      Basic living units; have common characteristics,
      differ in structure and function
      Tissue
      A group of cells with similar structure and function:
      epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
      Organ
      Two or more tissues work together perform one or
      more common function: eye, skin, stomach, heart.
      Organ System
      A group of organs of a common function:
      Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
      Cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive.
    7. SYSTEM OF THE BODY
      Integumentary System
      - External cover of the body (skin)
      - Protects deeper tissues from injury
      - Site of cutaneous, receptors, sweat
      and oil glands.
      Skeletal System
      - Bones
      - Protects and supports body organs
    8. Cont..
      SYSTEM OF THE BODY
      Muscular System
      - muscles
      - produce body movement
      Nervous System
      - consist of brain, sensory receptor,
      nerves, spinal cord
      - control homeostasis by stimulating
      particular muscles contraction
      and glands secretion
    9. Cont..
      SYSTEM OF THE BODY
      Endocrine System
      - Hormones secretion to
      regulate body processes.
      Cardiovascular System
      - Transport blood to the body
      Lymphatic/Immune System
      - Protect the body by attacking
      foreign substances entering
      body system
    10. Cont..
      SYSTEM OF THE BODY
      Respiratory System
      - supply blood with oxygen
      and removing carbon dioxide.
      Digestive System
      - break down the food for absorption
      - indigestible food will be
      removed as feces
    11. Cont..
      SYSTEM OF THE BODY
      Urinary System
      - regulation of water, electrolytes
      and acid-base balance in the body.
      Reproductive System
      - production of babies
    12. HOMEOSTASIS
      Body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions although the external environment keep changing…
      3 components:-
      1
      2
      3
      Response
      (Output)
      Feedback
    13. Cont..
      HOMEOSTASIS
      Negative Feedback Mechanisms
      - Restoring back the body to its
      original state.
      - Cut-off the original stimulus and
      reduce the intensity
      - Make up most of the homeostasis
      control mechanisms
      - Avoid sudden and harmful
      changes to our body
      - e.g: Insulin will be secreted if the
      glucose level in blood is too high.
      - ve
    14. Cont..
      HOMEOSTASIS
      Positive Feedback Mechanisms
      - Triggering an enhance action
      from the original stimulus.
      - Commonly for activity that
      do not need further adjustment.
      - e.g: Blood clotting where platelets
      will pile up and clot at the injured side.
      +ve
    15. ANATOMICAL POSITION
      Standing position with the body erect facing forward, feet slightly apart, arms hanging and palms also facing forward.
    16. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
      Explain and locate precisely where the body structure and it’s relation to another.
    17. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
    18. REGIONAL TERMS
      Axial Region
      - axis of our body
      - comprise of three parts:
      head, neck and trunk
      Perpendicular Region
      - limbs, or appendages
      - body parts that attached to the axis.
    19. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
      Sagittalplane
      - Vertical plane divide body into right and left
      - Sagittal plane that exactly cut in the middle
      called midsagittal or median plane.
      - Sagittalplane that offset from
      median line called
      parasagittalplane.
      Midsagittal Plane (Exact middle)
      Parasagittal Plane (Offset)
    20. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
      Frontal Plane
      - vertical line that divide the body to anterior
      and posterior parts.
      Frontal Plane
    21. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
      Transverse Plane
      - horizontal plane which divide body into
      superior and inferior.
      Transverse Plane
    22. Terms of motion
    23. BODY cavity
      Dorsal Cavity – protects nervous system
      - two subdivisions:-
      1. Cranial Cavity – brain
      2. Spinal Cavity – spinal cord
      Ventral Cavity – houses visceral organs
      - two subdivisions:-
      1. Thoracic Cavity – pleural (lungs),
      mediastinum(heart, esophagus,
      trachea, etc…)
      2. Abdominopelviccavity – abdominal (stomach,
      intestines, spleen, liver, etc…), pelvic (bladder,
      reproductive system, rectum)

    + Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 4 months ago

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