Genetic Engineering & GMF Sami 05/26/09

Content 05/26/09 Introduction to Genetic Engineering Process of GE Applications of GE Genetically Modified Crop Benefits of GMC Risks of GMC Labelling of GMC

Introduction to Genetic Engineering

Process of GE

Applications of GE

Genetically Modified Crop

Benefits of GMC

Risks of GMC

Labelling of GMC

Genetic Engineering 05/26/09

05/26/09 Transgenes are inserted by using vectors like : Bacterial Plasmids Biolistic Viruses

Transgenes are inserted by using vectors like :

Bacterial Plasmids

Biolistic

Viruses

Restriction Enzymes & Plasmids 05/26/09

Gene gun 05/26/09 In Biolistic usage, a microscopic gold beads coated with a transgene & shot into the cell with a pulse of helium. Inside, transgene comes off the bead and integrates into the cell's genome through transcription

Medical Application Production of pharmaceuticals: Treatment of diseases (human insulin & antibiotics). Disease prevention. (hepatitis B vaccine) Clonal propagation: a source of tissue or organ for transplantation avoid all problems of immunoin-compatibility Gene therapy: Artificially replace the disease-causing gene with a normal allele. By using a virus vector to the target tissues. 05/26/09

Production of pharmaceuticals:

Treatment of diseases (human insulin & antibiotics).

Disease prevention. (hepatitis B vaccine)

Clonal propagation: a source of tissue or organ for transplantation avoid all problems of immunoin-compatibility

Gene therapy: Artificially replace the disease-causing gene with a normal allele. By using a virus vector to the target tissues.

Industrial Applications Use of GM MO to make stone-wash jeans & to produce detergents. GM MO with enhanced ability to break down environmental pollutants (E. coli to break down cellulose) Fast growing Salmon 05/26/09 Tomato cell Fish cell Fish DNA Denucleated fish egg

Use of GM MO to make stone-wash jeans & to produce detergents.

GM MO with enhanced ability to break down environmental pollutants (E. coli to break down cellulose)

Fast growing Salmon

Agricultural Application Addition of Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, as insecticide. First whole GM food (Flavr Savr) 05/26/09

Addition of Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, as insecticide.

First whole GM food (Flavr Savr)

GMC Selective breading slow imprecise modification of genes occurs naturally uncontrollable crops Hidden traits GE very fast precise we introduce genes into an organism increased food security for growth challenges complete coding genome knowledge 05/26/09

Selective breading

slow

imprecise

modification of genes occurs naturally

uncontrollable crops

Hidden traits

GE

very fast

precise

we introduce genes into an organism

increased food security for growth challenges

complete coding genome knowledge

GMC Increase yields & more efficient use of lands Increase the tolerance to adverse growing conditions Reduced maturation time & Longer shelf life Improve the nutrient composition Improved resistance to disease, pests, weeds and herbicides Improve sensory attributes Improve processing characteristics so as to reduce wastage and environmental bills. Eliminate allergenicity Phytochemicals enhanced Saves money and promotes higher profits 05/26/09

Increase yields & more efficient use of lands

Increase the tolerance to adverse growing conditions

Reduced maturation time & Longer shelf life

Improve the nutrient composition

Improved resistance to disease, pests, weeds and herbicides

Improve sensory attributes

Improve processing characteristics so as to reduce wastage and environmental bills.

Eliminate allergenicity

Phytochemicals enhanced

Saves money and promotes higher profits

Effects of GMC Production of toxin in pollen Newly formed dangerous pathogens, super weeds & super pests Triggering of catastrophic ecological imbalance Inevitable out-crossing of transgenics’ with natures’ Unknown effect on men. Domination of world food production by few companies & rich countries Having enough but un fairly distributed 05/26/09

Production of toxin in pollen

Newly formed dangerous pathogens, super weeds & super pests

Triggering of catastrophic ecological imbalance

Inevitable out-crossing of transgenics’ with natures’

Unknown effect on men.

Domination of world food production by few companies & rich countries

Having enough but un fairly distributed

Pros and Cons of labeling systems 05/26/09

Bibliography 05/26/09 The National Biotechnology Information Facility, New Mexico State University The Science and Environmental Health Network, http:// www.sehn.org http://www.Bio-Rad.com http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml http:// www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pbo/pbobbve.shtml http://www.bayercropscience.com/bayer/cropscience/cscms.nsf/id/OurCustomers http:// allergies.about.com/library/blificbio.htm Draper, D. (2002). Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective 2nd Ed . Scarborough: Thompson Canada Lmt. Thank you

The National Biotechnology Information Facility, New Mexico State University

The Science and Environmental Health Network, http:// www.sehn.org

http://www.Bio-Rad.com

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml

http:// www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pbo/pbobbve.shtml

http://www.bayercropscience.com/bayer/cropscience/cscms.nsf/id/OurCustomers

http:// allergies.about.com/library/blificbio.htm

Draper, D. (2002). Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective 2nd Ed . Scarborough: Thompson Canada Lmt.

Thank you