LiDAR Aiding Decision-Making Process September 16 th , 2009 GIS in The Rockies Presented by: Jamie Young General Manager – LiDAR services

LiDAR Decisions National Research Council of the National Academies “ LiDAR produces very-high-resolution three-dimensional point clouds in a wide variety of land cover types at accuracies equivalent to or better than photogrammetry…” “ LiDAR can be acquired day or night, in cloudy conditions, leaf on or leaf off and no sun angle limitation…” “ LiDAR is able to penetrate to the bare earth in vegetated area better than either IFSAR or photogrammetry…” “ LiDAR data processing and feature extraction can be incorporated seamlessly into the production environment designed for photogrammetry…” Hydro-electric dam, Puerto Rico

“ LiDAR produces very-high-resolution three-dimensional point clouds in a wide variety of land cover types at accuracies equivalent to or better than photogrammetry…”

“ LiDAR can be acquired day or night, in cloudy conditions, leaf on or leaf off and no sun angle limitation…”

“ LiDAR is able to penetrate to the bare earth in vegetated area better than either IFSAR or photogrammetry…”

“ LiDAR data processing and feature extraction can be incorporated seamlessly into the production environment designed for photogrammetry…”

LiDAR Accuracy Standards What should you know? Horizontal : the positional accuracy of a dataset with respect to a horizontal reference. Vertical : the vertical accuracy of a dataset with respect to a horizontal reference. Positional : the position of features, including horizontal and/or vertical position. Relative : value in feet or meters that reports the uncertainty in vertical or horizontal position due to random errors in measurements in a location relative to any other point. Absolute : value in feet or meters that reports uncertainty in vertical or horizontal positions due to systematic & random errors in measurements of the location of any point on a geospatial dataset relative to the defined vertical or horizontal datum at a state confidence level. a location relative to any other point.

Horizontal : the positional accuracy of a dataset with respect to a horizontal reference.

Vertical : the vertical accuracy of a dataset with respect to a horizontal reference.

Positional : the position of features, including horizontal and/or vertical position.

Relative : value in feet or meters that reports the uncertainty in vertical or horizontal position due to random errors in measurements in a location relative to any other point.

Absolute : value in feet or meters that reports uncertainty in vertical or horizontal positions due to systematic & random errors in measurements of the location of any point on a geospatial dataset relative to the defined vertical or horizontal datum at a state confidence level. a location relative to any other point.

Application vs. Accuracy and Point Density Vs. Vs.

LiDAR Uses Flood plain Mapping Hydrologic Modifications Update FIRM to DFIRM from LiDAR Flow Analysis Impervious surface analysis Storm water analysis Transportation Infrastructure Dam Management Dam Breach Analysis Soils Mapping Emergency management Construction Design Line of Sight

Flood plain Mapping

Hydrologic Modifications

Update FIRM to DFIRM from LiDAR

Flow Analysis

Impervious surface analysis

Storm water analysis

Transportation Infrastructure

Dam Management

Dam Breach Analysis

Soils Mapping

Emergency management

Construction Design

Line of Sight

LiDAR Uses Forestry, Biomass, &Vegetation Management HCA and facility Management 3-D modeling Building extract Change detection Updating assessor database Building Foot Prints Other man-made extraction Security Management Volumetric studies Utility mapping Reclamation projects

Forestry, Biomass, &Vegetation Management

HCA and facility Management

3-D modeling

Building extract

Change detection

Updating assessor database

Building Foot Prints

Other man-made extraction

Security Management

Volumetric studies

Utility mapping

Reclamation projects

LiDAR of Bridge at 0.3 meter collection LiDAR of Mile High Stadium LiDAR Applications Security Management

LiDAR Uses Breakline generation Contour generation Terrain model generation DEM, DTM, DSM Tree Canopy Analysis Land Development Erosion Studies Geologic studies Aviation safety High Level Land Cover Ortho DEM

Breakline generation

Contour generation

Terrain model generation

DEM, DTM, DSM

Tree Canopy Analysis

Land Development

Erosion Studies

Geologic studies

Aviation safety

High Level Land Cover

Ortho DEM

Contour Representation Filtered vs. Enhanced

Contour and Orthorectification Generation Filtered Bare Earth LiDAR & LiDAR DEM Bare earth surface model Contours draped on surface Contours Photography draped over LiDAR data Contours draped over orthophotography

LiDAR Processing LiDARgrammetry

Hydro Breakline Collection Process (LiDARgrammetry) LIDAR Bald Earth DTM Supplemented with Breaklines Stereoscopic measurement 3D breaklines Support FDEM Water Body Linear Hydrographic Coastal Shorelines Road (EOP) Overpasses and Bridges Soft Features Islands Obscured Areas (vegetation)

LIDAR Bald Earth DTM

Supplemented with Breaklines

Stereoscopic measurement

3D breaklines

Support FDEM

Water Body

Linear Hydrographic

Coastal Shorelines

Road (EOP)

Overpasses and Bridges

Soft Features

Islands

Obscured Areas (vegetation)

LiDARgrammetry Contour Interpolation (1.0’) LIDAR Bald Earth GRID with Breaklines NMAS Correctly depict the terrain Smoothing Contiguous Topology Validated within the geodatabase edge-match at the correct z-elevation to neighboring counties Proper Coding Non-intersecting Dangles

LIDAR Bald Earth GRID with Breaklines

NMAS

Correctly depict the terrain

Smoothing

Contiguous

Topology

Validated within the geodatabase

edge-match at the correct z-elevation to neighboring counties

Proper Coding

Non-intersecting

Dangles

Imagery with LiDAR DSS 39 MP RGB 39 Mega- pixel RGB Image Registered to LIDAR Collected at same Time as LiDAR

Imagery with LiDAR DSS 39 MP IR

Buildings Automated Polygons Automated generation Of building wire frame Automated generation Of building Polygons

Automated generation

Of building wire frame

Automated generation

Of building Polygons

Extraction of Buildings and Man-Made Features

LiDAR Application Trends Change Detection

Geomorphology Red relief improves what you can see

LiDAR Deliverables How should you receive your data? LiDAR formats LAS Ascii - can include x,y,z and any other LAS attributes ESRI Shapefile Raster DEM formats ("regular" spacing/gridded) Tiff Arc Binary GRID (a.k.a. ArcInfo Lattice) Arc Ascii GRID ERDAS img Imagery Intensity images (any raster format) Variety of types of rendering - hillshade, slope, aspect, etc. Contours GIS formats (e.g. ESRI Shapefile, ESRI Personal Geodatabase) CAD formats (e.g. DXF, DGN, DWG) Breakline/planimetric data GIS formats (e.g. ESRI Shapefile, ESRI Personal Geodatabase) CAD formats (e.g. DXF, DGN, DWG)

LiDAR formats

LAS

Ascii - can include x,y,z and any other LAS attributes

ESRI Shapefile

Raster DEM formats ("regular" spacing/gridded)

Tiff

Arc Binary GRID (a.k.a. ArcInfo Lattice)

Arc Ascii GRID

ERDAS img

Imagery

Intensity images (any raster format)

Variety of types of rendering - hillshade, slope, aspect, etc.

Contours

GIS formats (e.g. ESRI Shapefile, ESRI Personal Geodatabase)

CAD formats (e.g. DXF, DGN, DWG)

Breakline/planimetric data

GIS formats (e.g. ESRI Shapefile, ESRI Personal Geodatabase)

CAD formats (e.g. DXF, DGN, DWG)

LiDAR Server

LiDAR Server

LiDAR Server and Google

Provides on-the-fly rendering capabilities directly from LAS point cloud. TIN surfaces Contours Profile Eliminates the need to create, store, and manage derivates. LAS file delivery to desktop Easily customizable through XML and client side applications LiDAR Server

Provides on-the-fly rendering capabilities directly from LAS point cloud.

TIN surfaces

Contours

Profile

Eliminates the need to create, store, and manage derivates.

LAS file delivery to desktop

Easily customizable through XML and client side applications

LiDAR BLOG Submit any question about LiDAR http://LidarBlog.wordpress.com

Thank You! and Questions Graphics provided by Leica