1914-1918: The World at War

20 th Century Begins New Technology Seems possible that peace would last.

New Technology

Seems possible that peace would last.

2 Changes Undermine Stability Germany’s position Ottoman Empire Weakening

Germany’s position

Ottoman Empire Weakening

The “Spark”

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

Causes of the War

1. The Alliance System Triple Entente : Triple Alliance :

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers : Central Powers :

Europe in 1914

2. Militarism & Arms Race Germany’s Yearning to Dominate Europe Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 398 289 268 154 130 94 1914 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 73% Germany 39% Russia 13% Britain 10% France

3.Economic & Imperial Rivalries

Aggressive Nationalism

The War Begins

The Schlieffen Plan

Recruitment Posters

Recruits of the Central Powers Austro-Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

New French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

The Western Front: A “War of Attrition ”

A Multi-Front War

The Western Front

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare “ No Man’s Land”

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

Posters: Wartime Propaganda

Australian Poster

American Poster

Financing the War

German Poster

America Joins the Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Yanks Are Coming!

9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

World War I Casualties

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Turkish Genocide of Armenians (1914 - 1922) 387,800 2,133,190 Total 15,000 73,390 Trapizond District 163,000 194,000 European Turkey 70,000 309,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 27,000 371,800 Western Anatolia Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey 16,800 225,000 Sivas 56,000 220,000 Bitlis 3,000 124,000 Diarbekir 35,000 204,000 Kharbert 500 197,000 Van 1,500 215,000 Erzerum 1922 1914 Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey

Women and the War Effort

Financing the War

For Recruitment

Munitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Working in the Fields

A Woman Ambulance Driver

Red Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Airplane “ Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

11 a.m., November 11, 1918