International Perspectives: Visualization in Science and Education

International Perspectives: Visualization in Science and Education American Chemical Society CINF Division, March 2010 Liz Dorland Washington University dorland@wustl.edu slideshare.net/ldorland

What should we teach? How should we teach it? How do we decide? What do students see? • Introduction - Learning from images • A Little History • NSF Workshop on Visualization (2001) • Gordon Research Conference on Visualization in Science and Education • Interdisciplinary Participants& Research

Audience? Purpose? Developer? Public Informal Science Understanding Education Education of Science Scientific Visualization Scientific Public Research Public Understanding Understanding of Science of Science

Visual Complexity http://www.visualcomplexity.com/

What happened to the French Army? www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/minard

Statistical Graph - Charles Minard (1861) Adapted by Aaron Walburg and Stephen Hartzog (1996) (gif animation – better or worse than static?) http://www.stat.ucla.edu/history/march.htm

The Visual Elements Periodic Table http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements

Ionization Energy Landscape Video http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/ionisation.html

Periodic Landscapes

http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/ionisation.html

Decoding… What are those balls? DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 transcriptional regulatory protein. Lysine 18 sits in the major groove of DNA, recognizing the DNA sequence CGG. Polyview-3D Adrenergic G-protein coupled receptor functionally solubilized by self-assembly into a 10 nm diameter Nanodisc. Normal transcription requires both the Steve Sligar - U of Illinois DNA-binding domain (BD) and the activation domain (AD) of a transcriptional activator (TA). Science Creative Quarterlywww.scq.ubc.ca

Multiple Representations What do students see? > 8 million! Google Images: “DNA”

Bruce Alberts Former President: National Academies of Science Editor: Science Magazine “The Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines: Preparing the Next Generation of Molecular Biologists.” Bruce Alberts - Cell 92: 291-4. (1998) ~ 300 citations

Web of Science http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/project.cfm?id=434

“Virtual Museum of Minerals and Molecules” Chime (mid 90s) ->Jmol (since ~2003) http://virtual-museum.soils.wisc.edu/displays.html

MDL Cool Chime Sites by Liz D. 1997

NSF Workshop 2001: new interdisciplinary focus http://www.rsc.org/images/p2_Jones_tcm18-33083.pdf

Gordon Research Conference Visualization in Science and Education Interdisciplinary Research Speakers & Participants

Agendas: http://www.grc.org/conferences.aspx?id=0000385

The Conference brings together: • physical and biological scientists • graphics specialists • cognitive scientists In a forum for the critical examination of: • the uses of visual images in the physical and biological sciences and in mathematics • the tools used to create these images, and of • their effectiveness in conveying scientific information to specialist and novice audiences

Visualization in Science & Education Cognitive scientists’understanding of human perception and cognition guides the research and educational application of visualizations. Recent Conferences have been preceded by workshop tutorials on evaluating and creating better visualizations. Small, peer-reviewed mini-grants have been awarded post-Conference tofoster the multidisciplinary research needed to create effective visualization.

Visualization in Science & Education • Biology • Chemistry • Physics • Engineering • Psychology • Computer Science/Graphics • Earth Sciences • Mathematics • Cognitive Science & the Learning Sciences

Peter Atkins (Oxford) Loretta Jones (U Northern Colorado) http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/RP/issues/2005_3/

2007 GRC Speaker: Donna Cox, NCSA &UIUC http://access.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Stories/supertwister/ Museum of Science &Industry Visualization by Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, Stuart Levy, Matt Hall, Alex Betts, NCSA

Pat Hanrahan (Stanford) Computer Graphics Research “This is the best conference I attend” – Developer of RenderMan software – Winner of two Academy Award – http://multi.stanford.edu/interaction/0207/hci.html

Barbara Tversky, Psychology Stanford & Columbia U. “Animation, Does it Facilitate Learning?” http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/ Diagramshttp://www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/diagrams/papers/ Space http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/space/papers/ Events http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/events/papers/ • Animations have not been proven more effective than equivalent static graphics. • Animations that are invented and used in exploring phenomena and data, often by experts in pursuit of understanding, may be effective. • Creating animations may confer benefits to the creators. • Expertise in the specific content and animation may make some animations effective.

Mary Hegarty, Psychology UC Santa Barbara http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/~hegarty/visual_displays.php “We are interested in how people make sense of these complex visual-spatial displays and how they use them in learning, reasoning and problem solving.” “Eye tracking provides an online measure of the information that a viewer is accessing while reasoning and solving problems with complex visual displays.”

Shaaron Ainsworth, Psychology University of Nottingham Learning with Visual & Multiple Representations and Interactive Technologies http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/Shaaron.Ainsworth/research.html • examine how different combinations of representations influence learning • identify a set of design principles for successful multi-representational software • develop a model of how people learn with multiple representations

Ainsworth

Ed Psych & Visualization • Miller - Magic #7 (1956) • Pavio - Dual Coding (1980s) • Sweller et. al. (1980s) - Cognitive Load Theory • Mayer & Moreno (1990s) - Multimedia Principles

Alex Johnstone (1983): Journal of Chemical Education How many chunks? • Miller number 7 • Working memory Organic Chem Topics After repeated attempts • Chunking • Perception filter • Information Processing Model

Levels of Representation Symbolic Macroscopic H2O Sub- Microscopic

Google: “Dissolving NaCl” NCSSM: Flash Animation from North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics

What do students see? Insoluble Liquids

Google Images: “NaCl dissolving”

What do students see? Molecules? Ions? Colored spheres? How do we know?

“Representational Competence?” Roy Tasker Tom Greenbowe

“On the Surface of Things” Felice Frankel & George Whitesides ACS Priestly Medalist C&E News, March 2007

“She Calls It ‘Phenomena.’ Everyone Else Calls It Art.” Felice Frankel, NYT June 2007

Donald Sadoway, MIT (with Felice Frankel) Department of Materials Science and Engineering Link to student animation: http://web.mit.edu/i-m/picturing/pict_stu04.html

MIT-NSF: “Picturing to Learn” http://web.mit.edu/i-m/picturing/pict_students.html “We compared scores on the final exams 2004 vs 2005 and saw evidence in support of deeper understanding of concepts addressed in the picturing homework assignments.”

Collaborative Environments chemsense.org/about/papers.html

Marcia Linn, UC Berkeley Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE)Making complex science visible: http://tels.berkeley.edu/~mclinn/

CyberlearningReport: http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf08204

WISE Chemical Reactions: Visualize &Reflect Intro: http://wise.berkeley.edu/pages/intro/wiseFlashIntro.php Jennifer Chiu How did making water molecules in Molecular Workbench relate to the balanced equation of 2H2+ O2 -> 2H2O? “They are related because in order to have no atoms left over in the workbench, we had to get a certain amount of oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms. This number is the same as the ratios in the balanced equation (2 H2, 1 O2, and you end up with 2H2O

WISE Student Results Increased connections among symbolic and molecular representations, limiting reactants, and conservation of mass. Pretest Post test Q. If only the molecules in the closed container below react KR (1) according to the equation: 2S + 3O2 ->2SO3 RB (1) BW (2) Draw the container after the reaction.

Participate in TELS & WISE TELS Professional development model enables teachers to begin using modules and design their own additional supports. (see http://TELSCenter.org) TELS Technology from WISE and Concord Consortium. (http://telscenter.org/technology) TELS Design Principles database is on-line and available for use in courses, customization activities, and design. (see http://www.design-principles.org) TELS Assessments are available and have accepted psychometric properties.

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GRC Viz Mt. Holyoke 2001 Oxford 2003, 2005, 2009 Rhode Island 2007 + 2011 http://www.grc.org

Learning & Instruction Cognition & Instruction Journal of Research in Science Teaching International Journal of Science Education Applied Cognitive Psychology Journal of the Learning Sciences Journals with Research on Visualization Cognitive Science Educational Technology Research & Development Journal of Science, Ed & Technology British Journal of Educational Technology Technology, Pedagogy and Liz Dorland Education Washington University in St. Louis Canadian J of Learning Technology dorland@wustl.edu Computers & Human Behavior Learning, Media & Technology

Links to Visualization Refs & Resources Liz Dorland on Slideshare http://www.slideshare.net/ldorland/ GRC Visualization Past Agendas http://www.grc.org/conferences.aspx?id=0000385 Mary Hegarty research http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/~hegarty/visual_displays.php Marcia Linn and Visualization on Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=active&domains=vis.berkeley.edu&q= Marcia%20Linn%20visualization&sitesearch=&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=ws Toward a Learning Technologies knowledge network (ETR&D article) http://www.springerlink.com/content/y781h1p7561p3h71/?p=4fd759ee01aa46d7a98 99a56783a9b45&pi=2 Timeline of the History of Dataviz Milestones http://datavis.ca/milestones/

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International Perspectives: Visualization in Science and Education

by Liz Dorland on Mar 29, 2010

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