RED RIVER COLONY FUR TRADERS LIVE WITH NATIVES & METIS IN A MUTUALY BENEFICIAL RELATIONSHIP MOST NATIVES & METIS LIVE OFF THE BUFFALO HERDS AND SELL SURPLUS MEAT TO FUR TRADERS IN RETURN FOR EUROPEAN GOODS LIKE RIFLES FUR TRADERS DID NOT HAVE TIME TO HUNT FOR FOOD AND RELIED UPON NATIVES & METIS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS HBC & NORTHWEST COMPANY FORTS ALSO RELIED ON NATIVES & METIS FOR BULK OF THEIR FOOD DRYING SASKATOON BERRIES, AN INGREDIENT IN PEMMICAN

FUR TRADERS LIVE WITH NATIVES & METIS IN A MUTUALY BENEFICIAL RELATIONSHIP

MOST NATIVES & METIS LIVE OFF THE BUFFALO HERDS AND SELL SURPLUS MEAT TO FUR TRADERS IN RETURN FOR EUROPEAN GOODS LIKE RIFLES

FUR TRADERS DID NOT HAVE TIME TO HUNT FOR FOOD AND RELIED UPON NATIVES & METIS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS

HBC & NORTHWEST COMPANY FORTS ALSO RELIED ON NATIVES & METIS FOR BULK OF THEIR FOOD

RED RIVER COLONY AUGUST 1812 – SCOTTISH SETTLERS SENT BY THOMAS DOUGLAS, 5 TH EARL OF SELKIRK, ARRIVE IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA TOO LATE TO PLANT A CROP THEY NEARLY STARVE OVER THE FIRST WINTER HBC HAD GIVEN SELKIRK GRANT OF 300,000 SQUARE KILOMETRES SELKIRK WANTS TO START A NEW COLONY FOR SCOTTISH PEASANTS THOMAS DOUGLAS, 5 TH EARL OF SELKIRK

AUGUST 1812 – SCOTTISH SETTLERS SENT BY THOMAS DOUGLAS, 5 TH EARL OF SELKIRK, ARRIVE IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

TOO LATE TO PLANT A CROP THEY NEARLY STARVE OVER THE FIRST WINTER

HBC HAD GIVEN SELKIRK GRANT OF 300,000 SQUARE KILOMETRES

SELKIRK WANTS TO START A NEW COLONY FOR SCOTTISH PEASANTS

RED RIVER COLONY BRITISH GOVERNMENT FORCED HBC TO GIVE LAND TO SELKIRK – THEY SAW ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES TO HIS PLANNED COLONY IT COULD PROVIDE MUCH NEEDED FOOD SUPPLIES AS WELL AS A RETIREMENT CENTRE FOR HBC EMPLOYEES, AND CONFIRM HBC CLAIMS TO THE TERRITORY IT WOULD DISRUPT THE BUFFALO HUNT – FOOD SOURCE OF NATIVES, METIS AND FUR TRADERS

BRITISH GOVERNMENT FORCED HBC TO GIVE LAND TO SELKIRK – THEY SAW ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES TO HIS PLANNED COLONY

IT COULD PROVIDE MUCH NEEDED FOOD SUPPLIES AS WELL AS A RETIREMENT CENTRE FOR HBC EMPLOYEES, AND CONFIRM HBC CLAIMS TO THE TERRITORY

IT WOULD DISRUPT THE BUFFALO HUNT – FOOD SOURCE OF NATIVES, METIS AND FUR TRADERS

CONFLICT OVER SETTLEMENT ANOTHER 70 PEOPLE JOIN THE ORIGINAL 22 SETTLERS IN 1813 THE GRANT SPLITS THE TRADING ROUTE OF THE NORTHWEST COMPANY IN TWO 1815, AFTER 3 HARD WINTERS THE NORTHWEST COMPANY OFFERS TRANSPORT BACK TO UPPER CANADA AND MOST SETTLERS ACCEPT, BUT SELKIRK KEEPS SENDING MORE GOVERNOR MACDONELL ISSUES THE PEMMICAN PROCLOMATION PEMMICAN AND INGREDIENTS FOR MAKING IT CANNOT LEAVE THE COLONY NORTHWEST COMPANY OUTRAGED, METIS CONTINUE MAKING PEMMICAN FOR EXPORT ‘ PEMMICAN WAR’ BREAKS OUT – SEIZURE OF PEMMICAN BY COLONISTS, HARASSMENT OF COLONISTS BY METIS

ANOTHER 70 PEOPLE JOIN THE ORIGINAL 22 SETTLERS IN 1813

THE GRANT SPLITS THE TRADING ROUTE OF THE NORTHWEST COMPANY IN TWO

1815, AFTER 3 HARD WINTERS THE NORTHWEST COMPANY OFFERS TRANSPORT BACK TO UPPER CANADA AND MOST SETTLERS ACCEPT, BUT SELKIRK KEEPS SENDING MORE

GOVERNOR MACDONELL ISSUES THE PEMMICAN PROCLOMATION

PEMMICAN AND INGREDIENTS FOR MAKING IT CANNOT LEAVE THE COLONY

NORTHWEST COMPANY OUTRAGED, METIS CONTINUE MAKING PEMMICAN FOR EXPORT

‘ PEMMICAN WAR’ BREAKS OUT – SEIZURE OF PEMMICAN BY COLONISTS, HARASSMENT OF COLONISTS BY METIS

BATTLE OF SEVEN OAKS 19 JUNE 1816, IN AN ATTEMPT TO INTERCEPT A PARTY OF METIS A FIGHT BREAKS OUT RESULTING IN 21 SETTLERS AND ONE METIS KILLED DIRECT CLASHES BETWEEN HBC AND NORTHWEST COMPANY RESULT SELKIRK RECRUITS SWISS MERCENARIES FROM THE de MEURONS REGIMENT OF BRITAIN ENSUING LAWSUITS BANKRUPT SELKIRK AND THE NORTHWEST COMPANY SELKIRK SEES ONE MORE GROUP OF SWISS & SCOTTISH SETTLERS BEFORE DYING IN 1820 NORTHWEST COMPANY MERGES WITH HBC IN 1821

19 JUNE 1816, IN AN ATTEMPT TO INTERCEPT A PARTY OF METIS A FIGHT BREAKS OUT RESULTING IN 21 SETTLERS AND ONE METIS KILLED

DIRECT CLASHES BETWEEN HBC AND NORTHWEST COMPANY RESULT

SELKIRK RECRUITS SWISS MERCENARIES FROM THE de MEURONS REGIMENT OF BRITAIN

ENSUING LAWSUITS BANKRUPT SELKIRK AND THE NORTHWEST COMPANY

SELKIRK SEES ONE MORE GROUP OF SWISS & SCOTTISH SETTLERS BEFORE DYING IN 1820

NORTHWEST COMPANY MERGES WITH HBC IN 1821

FUR TRADE MERGER TERMS OF THE MERGER APPEAR TO FAVOUR THE NORTHWEST COMPANY BUT: THE ROUTES TO HUDSON’S BAY ARE STILL SHORTER THAN THOSE TO MONTREAL EVENTUALLY THE MONTREAL PARTNERS OF THE NORTHWEST COMPANY ARE BANKRUPT THE NEW HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY EMERGES WITH ORIGINAL CHARTER + NORTHWEST COMPANY’S LISCENCE – ALL LANDS WEST OF GREAT LAKES AND NORTH OF 49 TH PARALLEL

TERMS OF THE MERGER APPEAR TO FAVOUR THE NORTHWEST COMPANY BUT:

THE ROUTES TO HUDSON’S BAY ARE STILL SHORTER THAN THOSE TO MONTREAL

EVENTUALLY THE MONTREAL PARTNERS OF THE NORTHWEST COMPANY ARE BANKRUPT

THE NEW HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY EMERGES WITH ORIGINAL CHARTER + NORTHWEST COMPANY’S LISCENCE – ALL LANDS WEST OF GREAT LAKES AND NORTH OF 49 TH PARALLEL