4G Mobile Network & Applications

4G Mobile Technologies
An IEEE Comsoc Indonesia Chapter Lecture

@kuncoro

Mobile Communications

Critical Factors for Wireless Development

Web 2.0

Growth of Advanced Mobile Devices

Data Rate Requirements
100
INTERACTIVITY
4G
10
EVDO
STREAMING
HSPA
EVDO
1
EVDO
MULTIMEDIA
Peak data rate transmission (Mb/s)
W-CDMA
0.1
MESSAGE
CDMA-1X
EDGE
CDMA-2000
0.01
GPRS
GSM
0.001

Data Rate vs Mobility
Fast
LTE
4G
Medium
Mobile
WiMAX
Slow
3G
2010
Fixed WiMAX
Movable
WLAN
Hiperlan /2
Stationary
2000
0.1
1
10
100

4G Mobile Technology

GSM
UMTS WCDMA
GPRS
EDGE
HSDPA
HSUPA
EVDO EVDV
IS-95
CDMA
1x
WiMAX

4G Objectives

4G Approaches

All-IP Network

Application
Network
API
Services
Mobility Mgmt
Resource Mgmt
QoS Mgmt
Convergence Sublayer
2G
3G
WiMAX
4G
Physical
Layered NGMN Architecture

Multiparty Conferencing
Resource Sharing
Virtual Collaboration
Broadcasting
Games
….
Application
Service
SIP Applications Server
Parlay / OSA
….
SIP
Diameter
Session
Control
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
HSS
S-CSCF
MGCF
SIP
H.248
MGW
Access
PSTN
WiFi/WiMAX
GPRS
UMTS

AS
S-CSCF
HSS
P-CSCF
IMS
IMS
Lain
I-CSCF
GGSN
IMS
Lain
IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem
CSCF, Call Session Control Function
(Serving, Proxy, Interrogating)
GGSN, Gateway GPRS Support Node
SGSN, Serving GPRS Support Node
UTRAN, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecom System
HSS, Home Subscriber Server
SGSN
RNC
UTRAN
IMS

AAA
PDG
S-CSCF
HSS
WiMAX CSN
P-CSCF
IMS
I-CSCF
GGSN
IMS
Lain
SGSN
SFM
SFA
WiMAX ASN
RNC
IP ROUTER
UTRAN
ASN
Lain

BGCF
MGCF
BGCF
MGCF
3GPP2
PDF
MGW
MGW
3GPP
S-CSCF
MRFC
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
MRFC
P-CSCF
MS
UE
AS
MRFP
I-CSCF
AAA
AS
MRFP
HSS
I-CSCF
Data base
SLF
Position Server
PDE

IMS: Enhanced
Voice
Charging Function
Subscriber Profile Function
SIP
Video Phone
CFCS
Signalling Function
Application Policy Function
SIP
HTTP
RTSP
RTSP signal proxy
Video Streaming
RTSP
HTTP signal proxy
HTTP
TV
QoS Policy & Media Function
Media Transfer Function
RTP
HTTP
Web

IPv6 Support

Cognitive Radio

Cognitive radio (CR), also related to software-defined radio (SDR), is a type of Radio in which communication systems are aware of their environment and internal state and can make decisions about their radio operating behavior based on that information and predefined objectives.
Cognitive Radio

DSA & CR

IEEE 1900 is a suite to support cognitive radio (CR), dynamic spectrum access (DSA), and coexistence.
Previous standards s.a. WiFi (802.11), Zigbee (802.15.4), and WiMAX (802.16) have included certain level of CR.
CR will be related to dynamic spectrum access (DSA), which is the real-time adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response to changing circumstances and objectives.
The most interesting aspect is coexistence: resource selection to determine the type of wireless/mobile access.
IEEE 1900

SCC41 Working Groups

Network Management
Metropolitan
Short-Range
Cellular
Network reconfiguration management
WiMAX
WiMAX II
(806.16m)
WiFi
(802.11g)
WiFi NG
(802.11m)
3G
4G
DSA-enabled
Radios
IEEE
P1900.4
P1900.4
Terminal
P1900.4
Terminal
Legacy
terminal
Terminal reconfiguration management
Terminal reconfiguration management
Multiplatform Portability

Access Scheme

New access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation systems.
WiMAX: OFDMA
LTE: OFDMA (downlink), IFDMA (uplink)
The other important advantage of the above is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage especially in the MIMO environments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.
In addition to improvements in these multiplexing systems, improved modulation techniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely used PSK, more efficient systems such as 64QAM are being proposed for use with the LTE
Access Scheme

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
FDM in which sub-channels overlap without interfering
OFDM
Single Carrier Transmission
(WCDMA etc)
5 MHz
Subcarriers
Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing
e.g. 5 MHz

Adaptable to severe channel conditions without complex equalization.
Robust against narrow-band co-channel interference.
Robust against intersymbol interference (ISI) and fading caused by multipath propagation.
High spectral efficiency.
Efficient implementation using FFT
Low sensitivity to time synchronization errors.
Facilitates Single Frequency Networks (SFNs), i.e. transmitter macrodiversity.
OFDM Advantages

TDMA/FDMA operation = OFDMA
Frequency sub-channels are composed of multiple, non-adjacent carriers
OFDMA: Combining TDMA and FDMA

Multipath – The Challenge

OFDM modulates in parallel multiple narrow band sub-carriers
Multipath duration becomes short relative to symbol duration
Pilot and guard sub-carriers are also inserted
Multipath – The Solution

The sub-carriers are converted by IFFT to a time domain signal
A guard interval (cyclic prefix) is added to collect multipath
A long guard interval (GI) reduces efficiency but enhances multipath handling capability
Multipath – The Solution

Narrowband Interference Rejection
Easy to Avoid/Reject Narrowband Dominant Interference .
Less Interfered Part of the Carrier Can Still Be Used .
Interference Rejection/Avoidance

Using shaping on the signal peaks
Limiting the PAPR to a constant value by vector reduction
PAPR Reduction

Rectangular Spectrum Shape (Brick Wall)
Small Frequency Guard band
Spectrum Properties

Spectrum Properties

In OFDM, channel impairment are solved in the same way Group Delays are solved, by Channel estimation
Group Delay

Phase Noise Effects
Phase Noise Effect on S.C
Phase Noise Effect on OFDM

Duplexing
FDD
duplex
separation
t
f
TDD
guard period
t
f

FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) uses one frequency for the downlink, and a second frequency for the uplink.
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) uses the same frequency for the downlink and the uplink.
In both configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .
Duplexing (cont’d)

Spatial Multiplexing

Multiple antenna technologies are emerging to achieve high rate, high reliability, and long range communications.
Spatial multiplexing gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. It involves deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the antennas. This increases the data rate into multiple folds with the number equal to minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This is called MIMO (as a branch of intelligent antenna).
Spatial Multiplexing

MIMO System
Tx
Rx
y=Hx+n

MIMI Schemes

MIMO Techniques Comparison

MIMO Capabilities

Adaptive MIMO

Space Time Coding
A space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communication systems using multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state to allow reliable decoding.

Space Time Coding
IFFT
Filter
DAC
RF
Tx Diversity Encoder
IFFT Input Packing
Subcarrier Modulation
IFFT
Filter
DAC
RF
Diversity Combiner
Sub channel Demod
Decoder
RF
ADC
Filter
FFT

Schedules & Candidates

ITU 4G Schedule

LTE & WiMAX II Terminologies

Context-AwareMobile Applications

Location (micro)
Geo location
Available network
User activity
Features on device
Speed & direction
Favourite places
Battery power
QoC

User-Context
User:
Interest
Device
Time
Location
Admin
Service
Networks
Personalised
Services

User layer
(anywhere, anytime)
Personal
Service
Platform
User experience management
Service
Discovery
Service
Composition
Pervasiveness
Context Management
Conventional
Service
Platform
e-Services
2G
3G
LTE
WiMAX
Network access

Thank You

Kuncoro Wastuwibowo

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4G Mobile Network & Applications

by Kuncoro Wastuwibowo on Aug 26, 2010

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4G Mobile Network & Applications — Presentation Transcript