20090603AIHceKeynoteKulinowski

Taking Science Beyond Borders: Global EHS Issues of Nanotechnology Kristen M. Kulinowski, PhD | kk@rice.edu

(Especially in the summer.)

Global EHS Issues of Nanotechnology Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials

Materials • Carbons – e.g., Fullerenes, nanotubes • Oxides – e.g., TiO2, ZnO, SiO2, CeO2, Fe3O4 • Metals – e.g., Ag, Fe, Al, Si, Zn, Cu, Ni • Semiconductors – e.g., CdSe, CdS, InAs, InP • Polymers/organics – e.g., liposomes, dendrimers • Hybrids – e.g., nanoshells

Nanomaterial Variability Credit: Zhong Lin Wang

Small Size → Large Surface Area Each side = 1 meter Each side = ¼ meter Each side = 1 nanometer ¼m Gold 1 m Mass ≈ 43,000 lb Mass ≈ 43,000 lb Mass ≈ 43,000 lb SA = 6 m2 SA = 24 m2 SA ≈ 6 billion m2 ≈ 2500 sq miles ≈ 8 ft x 8 ft room State of Delaware: < 2000 sq miles

Size-Dependent Properties Fe3O4, Magnetite (4 nm) CdSe (8 nm) Gold (~ 10 nm) Magnetism Emission Reactivity

Beneficial Interactions Cancer Therapy Tumor Detection Water Treatment J. West R. Drezek V. Colvin

If there is an interaction… Cure cancer? Cause cancer? Clean up environment? Pollute environment?

Potential Targets of Risk Workers Consumers Environment

Addressing Applications & Implications Research and Education The Center for Biological & Environmental Nanotechnology An NSF center of excellence in nanotechnology research & education cben.rice.edu Information and Community-Building The International Council on Nanotechnology A multi-stakeholder forum for addressing nanotechnology’s potential risks icon.rice.edu

International Council on Nanotechnology INCLUSIVE GLOBAL Multistakeholder cooperation International perspective TECHNICAL PROACTIVE Grounded in science Stewards for sustainability Developing and communicating information regarding potential environmental and health risks of nanotechnology to foster risk reduction and maximize societal benefit.

ICON’s Reach

Virtual Journal of NanoEHS Database of citations to peer-reviewed nanoEHS papers • Monthly updates • Over 3100 records • Backgrounders on key literature  [out of five] “This paper makes a major contribution to the literature …” http://icon.rice.edu/virtualjournal.cfm

EHS Publication Pace is Increasing NanoEHS Papers 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: http://icon.rice.edu/report.cfm

Hazard Data Outstrip Exposure Data Papers on Hazard vs. Exposure 300 Hazard Exposure 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: http://icon.rice.edu/report.cfm

Hazard Studies Cytotoxicity Ecotoxicity Mammalian Toxicity

BUT… Dose Dose metrics Standards Validating assays Characterization Batch-to-batch variability

Occupational Research Limited EHS Publications All Occupational 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: http://icon.rice.edu/report.cfm

Key Questions for People Working with Nanomaterials • What are you doing now? • What do you need to know to do the best job? • Where are you going for information?

Workers: Survey of Current Handling Practices First comprehensive, international survey of handling practices in the nanotech workplace Key findings • Nano-specific EHS programs and training are widely reported • Actual practices do not depart from conventional chemical safety practices • Active interest in additional information • Main impediment: Lack of information and guidance http://tinyurl.com/ICONSurvey and Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3155-3162

Some Resources for Handling Nano US Canada Europe DOE NSRC NIOSH IRSST NanoSafe2 BAUA E2535-07 ISO/TR 12885 PD 6699-2:2007

Common Messages • Nanomaterial behavior may differ from that of non-nanoscale analogs • Some nanomaterials may pose health risks if exposure is present • Hazard and exposure data do not yet provide a clear picture of risk MINIMIZING EXPOSURE IS PRUDENT

Barriers to Information Sharing

How do we get Timely Practical High-quality information out to ALL the target populations?

Introducing the GoodNanoGuide • Protected Internet site on occupational practices for the safe handling of nanomaterials • Multiple stakeholders contribute, share and discuss information • Modern, interactive, up-to-date http://GoodNanoGuide.org

What is a Wiki? A Wiki is central, shared repository of online information Anyone can edit the pages Wikis for Dummies Editing is easy and requires no special tools Formatting is simple Changes are easily tracked

Why a Wiki for Nano Handling Practices? Features Guidance Document Research Paper Wiki Entry Describes a specific practice No Maybe YES Written by practitioners Maybe Maybe YES Written for practitioners Maybe No YES Engages global community No Maybe YES Provides a forum for dialog No No YES Easily accessed YES No YES

Wiki Generates Global Interest Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Denmark France Germany India New Zealand South Africa Switzerland USA UK Admin Co-chairs Planners Testers Global locations of current participants

Interacting with the GoodNanoGuide No Registration Required VIEW Register as a User COMMENT Register as a Provider CONTRIBUTE

Implementation Committee Dr. Michael Riediker Mr. Bruce Stockmeier Dr. Kristen Kulinowski Institute for Work and Health Argonne National Lab Rice University Gary Albach Dr. Paul-Émile Boileau Mr. Steve Brown Ms. Ilise Feitshans Dr. Charles Geraci nanoAlberta IRSST Intel International Labour Organization NIOSH Dr. Steve Hankin Dr. Mark Hoover Mr. Matthew Jaffe Mr. Victor Jones SafeNano NIOSH Crowell & Moring NanoTechBC

Screenshot for Providers 36

A Sample Protocol 37

Contribute & Edit using Familiar Tools Format text Symbols Hyperlink Insert picture or flash

Conclusions • Nanomaterials pose many complex challenges to the occupational safety professional • There are good resources out there already • New knowledge is evolving rapidly and from many corners of the globe Let’s pool our knowledge for the benefit of all

Acknowledgments • ICON “GoodWiki” project planning team • GoodNanoGuide Implementation Committee • Survey Respondents • Kathryn Cavender (Rice Univ) • NIOSH • AIHA Nanotechnology Working Group

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20090603AIHceKeynoteKulinowski

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