Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

1. Physical and Chemical
Properties
Holt: Ch 2, Sect 2 and 3
Fusion: Unit 3, Lessons 2 and 3

2. What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
• States of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist
• What are the states of matter?
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

3. Physical Properties of Matter
• A physical property of matter can be observed without changing the
matter’s identity.
• Examples of physical properties: color, odor, mass, volume,
magnetism, ability to conduct electric current, strength and flexibility

4. More examples of physical properties
Thermal conductivity-the
rate at which a
substance transfers heat.
State- is the physical
form in which a
substance exists such as
solid, liquid, gas.
Density- the mass per unit
volume of a substance
Solubility- the ability
of a substance to
dissolve in another
substance
Ductility- the ability
of a substance to be
pulled into a wire
Malleability- ability
of a substance to be
rolled or pounded
into thin sheets

5. NOT physical properties
•Never use weight, shape or size to
describe matter

6. Density revisited
• The density of a substance is unique to that substance
• Determines if a substance will sink or float
• H2O has density of 1 g/mL, any substance with a density greater than
1 g/mL will sink, less than 1 g/mL will float
• Liquid substances will create layers depending on densities

7. Physical Change
• Actually making the change
• A change in matter from one form to another without a change in
chemical properties
• In other words, physical changes do not change the identity of the
matter

8. Examples of physical properties and physical
changes
• Physical Property
• Boiling Point
• Freezing Point
• Melting Point
• Condensation Point
• Evaporation Point
• Ductile
• Malleable
• Solubility
• electric conductivity
• Physical Change
• Boiling
• Freezing
• Melting
• Condensing
• Evaporating
• Stretching into wire
• Hammer into sheet
• Dissolving
• Moving electricity

9. Continued…
• Physical Property
• Flexibility
• State at room temp
• Brittle
• Magnetism
• Thermal conductivity
• Color
• Odor
• Shiny
• Dull
• Hardness
• density
• Physical Change
• Bending
• Change of state
• Shattering
• Magnetic conduction
• Moves thermal energy

10. Chemical Properties
• Chemical property – a property of matter that describes a substances
ability to participate in chemical reactions
• Examples of chemical properties
• Flammability – ability to burn
• Reactivity with acid
• Reactivity with water
• Reactivity with oxygen
• Reactivity with other elements

11. • Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to chemical
combine and form one or more new substances
• Characteristic properties-properties that remain the same no matter
the size of the matter
• Characteristic properties can be both physical, such as solubility and
density and chemical such as flammability and reactivity

12. Chemical Change
• Chemical change-when one or more substances change into entirely
new substances with different properties
• Chemical changes are the process by which substances actually
change into new substances
• Chemical properties describe which chemical changes will occur.

13. Chemical Changes
• Signs that indicate a chemical change:
• color change,
• odor change,
• production of thermal energy (heat),
• production of cold,
• fizzing,
• foaming,
• bubbling
• Sound produced,
• light being given off
• Precipitate formed (solid)
• Oxidation (rust, tarnishing)

14. • Chemical changes change the identity of the matter therefore is very
difficult to undo
• Composition-type of matter and the way the matter is arranged
• To determine if a physical or chemical change has happened, ask
yourself, did the composition of the matter change
• EX: H2O is 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom whether it is a solid,
liquid or a gas.

15. Difference between physical and chemical
properties
Physical
Can be observed without
changing the identity of the
substance
No reaction takes place
Chemical
Not easily observed and changes
the substances into something
new
A reaction takes place