Common Core and Writing Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects 6-12

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Common Core and Writing Standards for Literacy inHistory/Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects, 6-12. Jessica Fries-Gaither April 11, 2012 www.msteacher2.org -

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About the Presenter• Education Resource Specialist at Ohio State University• Project Director for Beyond Penguins and Beyond Weather• Former middle and elementary teacher• Pursuing a reading endorsement www.msteacher2.org -

Today’s Agenda• Why Writing Standards in Science?• Overview of Writing in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, 6-12• Explore the Standards, One by OneResource list at : http://www.diigo.com/list/jfriesgaither/writing-for-litera www.msteacher2.org -

Writing Standards in ScienceWriting in science is different: – Focus on argumentation • Claims and evidence – Heavy emphasis on infographics and visual text – Content specific vocabulary and symbolsLearning how to write best done in context ofcontent. www.msteacher2.org -

Any comments or questions before we get started? www.msteacher2.org -

Text Types and Purposes6-8.WHST.1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specificcontent. Students write an argument or claim based on an issue or topic included in the grade level Science Standard. The argument is presented with logical reasoning, accurate science content, and relevant data to support the claim. Cohesion and clarification of claims are created with effective word choice, appropriate use of science vocabulary, and writing style. A sound conclusion supports the argument presented. Examples: After completing an experiment, write a conclusion that supports or refutes the statement “Rough surfaces provide more friction than smooth surfaces” and provide evidence to support the claim. Write a persuasive essay that forms a logical argument about the importance of habitat restoration of wetlands. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Text Types and Purposes6-8.WHST.1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specificcontent.Claims, Evidence, Reasoning (CER)Framework • Books • Articles (Katherine McNeill) • Presentations and other resources: http://www.katherinelmcneill.com/workshops.html Persuasive Essay: Environmental Issues Students explore environmental issues, self-select topics, and gather information to write persuasive essays.

Text Types and Purposes6-8.WHST.2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including thenarration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments,or technical processes. Students select and develop an informational topics aligned to their grade levelstandards. The topic is well-developed using facts, details, and examples. Variouswriting techniques and rich vocabulary are used to provide clarity and cohesion. A strong conclusion supports the information. Examples: Write an informative essay about a technological discovery or invention and its influence on science and scientific knowledge. Write an informative essay that explains the interrelationship between the Earth’s tides and the Moon. Write a description of the procedure used to prepare cells for viewing through a microscope. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Text Types and Purposes6-8.WHST.2. Write informative/explanatory texts, including thenarration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments,or technical processes. Tiktaalik: A Fish Out of Water After working through a self- Scaffolding Methods for Research Paper Writing paced interactive lesson, Students use scaffolding to research and students write an essay that organize information for writing a explains how transitional fossils research paper. provide evidence for evolutionary relationships.

Text Types and PurposesAnchor Standard 3: Write narratives to develop real or imaginedexperiences or events using effective technique, well-chosendetails, and well-structured event sequences.Not applicable to History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects as aseparate requirement!Students write step-by-step procedures for their experiments that are detailedenough that others would be able to replicate their experiments, models, ordesigns in order to achieve the same results. Examples Write a step-by-step procedure as part of a lab report or other piece of writing. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Production and Distribution of Writing6-8.WHST.4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which thedevelopment, organization, and style are appropriate to task,purpose, and audience.Students match writing to purpose and audience. Their writing includes tables,graphs, charts, diagrams, and other nonlinguistic elements that clearlycommunicate information. Examples Students write a lab report based on an activity aligned to grade level Science Standard. The lab report includes procedures, tables, graphs, charts, and/or diagrams that communicate the purpose, results, and conclusions of the research. Students write a letter to the head of a governmental agency or company, comparing solutions for environmental risks in biological or geological systems. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Production and Distribution of Writing6-8.WHST.4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which thedevelopment, organization, and style are appropriate to task,purpose, and audience. RAFT Prompts R – Role A – Audience F – Format Writing Technical Instructions T – Topic Students explore the process of creating technical instructions and Example: write their own while considering You are a scientist who has their audience. discovered a Tiktaalik fossil. Write a letter to another scientist explaining what you have learned from the fossil and why your discovery is important.

Production and Distribution of Writing6-8.WHST.5. With some guidance and support from peers and adults,develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising,editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how wellpurpose and audience have been addressed.Students develop and strengthen their writing through the writing process with afocus on purpose and audience. Writing in science utilizes an academic voiceand is mostly nonfiction and formal. At this level of the writing process, studentscan use peers and adults to provide feedback on drafts of writing. Examples Students revise and rewrite any piece of writing from science class: responses to questions, lab report, research report, etc. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Production and Distribution of Writing6-8.WHST.5. With some guidance and support from peers and adults,develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising,editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how wellpurpose and audience have been addressed. Provide time for students to read and respond to each other’s work. Build in revising and rewriting into small and large writing assignments. Provide substantive comments about how well a student supports an argument with evidence, uses infographics to represent information, etc.

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Production and Distribution of Writing6-8.WHST.6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produceand publish writing and present the relationships betweeninformation and ideas clearly and efficiently.Students use technology (including Internet, keyboarding skills, formatting,storing) to create a published piece wherein information and ideas areconnected and presented clearly. Examples Conduct online research. Use word processing to produce a research paper. Write a blog post or create a wiki. Create a VoiceThread, Prezi, or Glog. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Research to Build and Present Knowledge6-8.WHST.7. Conduct short research projects to answer aquestion (including a self-generated question), drawing onseveral sources and generated additional related, focusedquestions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration.Students conduct short (1-2 periods) research projects or experimentalinvestigations meant to answer a question or solve a problem. Students answerquestions – including those they create themselves – through research (online,library, laboratory investigations). They will use and combine information frommultiple sources to construct their claims, evidence, and explanations. Example Generate questions about the migration behavior of hummingbirds or monarch butterflies and then test the question experimentally or by researching published data. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Research to Build and Present Knowledge6-8.WHST.8. Gather relevant information from multiple print and digitalsources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy ofeach source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of otherswhile avoiding plagiarism and follow a standard format for citation. Example Following a class discussion about weather-related natural disasters, find information about how people plan for and/or respond to tornadoes or flooding. Use multiple sources and include appropriate quotations and paraphrasing. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Research to Build and Present Knowledge6-8.WHST.8. Gather relevant information from multiple print and digitalsources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy ofeach source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of otherswhile avoiding plagiarism and follow a standard format for citation. Information Age Inquiry Just Google It? Developing Internet Search S Not a lesson, this page This lesson from the NY Times contains a host of resources to Learning Blog involves conducting help students effectively web searches and developing conduct online inquiry. guides to effective searching.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge6-8.WHST.9. Draw evidence from informational texts to supportanalysis, reflection, and research. Example Following a lab aligned to the grade level Science Standard, students make a research claim and then find supporting evidence or scientific principles that support the claim. These additional sources can either be teacher provided or student researched. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Range of Writing6-8.WHST.10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time forreflection and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or aday or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, andaudiences. Examples: Write short explanations of tables or graphs to demonstrate understanding of the data. Write short explanations of diagrams or images to demonstrate understanding of the illustration. Use reflective journaling as a concluding activity on any topic. Write a letter to the editor of a paper or magazine critiquing the accuracy, reliability, or validity of a published science article. Write a research paper or laboratory report about a relevant topic over an extended time period. 2010 Arizona ELA Standards Grades 6-8 Science and Technical Subjects

Finding the Time• Think mini-lessons• Consider “flipping” your classroom as needed• Collaborate with your English Language Arts teacher, other content area teacher, librarian• Work on these skills periodically – align them with your science units• Remember these are endpoints for 8th grade! www.msteacher2.org -

ReferencesNational Governors Association Center for Best Practices,Council of Chief State School Officers. 2010. CommonCore State Standards. National Governors Association forBest Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers,Washington, D.C. http://www.corestandards.org/2010 Arizona ELA Standards: Grades 6-8 Science andTechnical Subjects.http://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/files/2011/11/rst-whst-6 www.msteacher2.org -

Any questions for Jessica?Jessica Fries-Gaitherfries-gaither.1@osu.eduJoin the conversation in the MSP2 Group –Literacy in the Content Areas:http://www.msteacher2.org/group/literacy www.msteacher2.org -

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Common Core and Writing Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects 6-12

by The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology

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