Research in Social Science

Research in Social Science Two types of research Empirical Laws Philosophy of Science (3 views) Research Wheel Stages in Research Ethics in research

Research in Social Science Two Types of Research 1. Quantitative Research 2. Qualitative Research

Research in Social Science Qualities of Empirical (Scientific) Laws: Universal Based on Observation Causal Explanations

Qualities of Empirical (Scientific) Laws:

Universal

Based on Observation

Causal Explanations

Research in Social Science However there is a difference: Social Science cannot state causes with certainty, only with probability.

Logical Positivism Founded by the Vienna Circle

Logical Positivism Positivism: Positive (not speculative) knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties verified by empirical science Logical Positivism: a 20 th Century philosophical movement that holds that meaningful statements about the natural world are true only if verified by observation and experiment

Operationalism Founded by Percy Bridgeman 1882-1961

Pragmatism Founded by William James 1842-1910

Research Wheel Deduction Induction Theory Experiment Data Hypothesis

Steps in Research Choose a Topic Define Important Terms Research Background of Topic Generate Hypotheses Choose the Research Design Analyze the Data Report Results and Conclusion

Choose a Topic

Define Important Terms

Research Background of Topic

Generate Hypotheses

Choose the Research Design

Analyze the Data

Report Results and Conclusion

Research Methods Descriptive Relational/Correlational Experimental

Research Methods Survey Observational Study Case Study Experiment Secondary data analysis

Research Methods Ethics in Research Institutional Review Board Major Ethical Rules

Ethical Rules Origins

Ethical Rules Voluntary Participation

Ethical Rules Informed Consent

Ethical Rules Anonymity

Ethical Rules No Harm

Ethical Rules Debriefing

Classic Study: Solomon Asch Conformity Experiment

Another Conformity Experiment

Classic Study 1962 – Yale Univ Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority Study Origination of idea Goal Ethical Problems

Stanley Milgram 1933-1984

Experiment Layout

Classic Study 1970 – Southern Illinois Univ Laud Humphreys Tearoom Trade Origination of idea Goal Ethical Problems

Classic Study Laud Humphreys 1930-1988

Classic Study 1971 – Stanford Univ Philip Zimbardo Prison Study Origination of idea Goal Ethical Problems

Classic Study Stanford Prison Experiment Philip Zimbardo b 1933

Classic Study Stanford Prison Experiment

Classic Studies Film

1995 UCI Fertility Scandal egg & embryo misuse harvested eggs from women and transferred embryos without consent illegally billed insurance companies cheated UCI out of money owed the university at least 65 women were unknowingly involved in illicit egg or embryo transfers The doctors forged consent forms, stole human eggs from patients and gave them to other clinic patients without consent, then deliberately lied about the number of eggs they had harvested from each woman.

egg & embryo misuse

harvested eggs from women and transferred

embryos without consent

illegally billed insurance companies

cheated UCI out of money owed the university

at least 65 women were unknowingly involved

in illicit egg or embryo transfers

The doctors forged consent forms, stole human eggs from patients and gave them to other clinic patients without consent, then deliberately lied about the number of eggs they had harvested from each woman.