Medieval latin manuscripts least distance of distinct vision

Least Distance of Distinct Vision:Medieval Latin Manuscript Transmission in a Digital Environment Lucie Dolezalova, Farkas Kiss, Eyal Poleg, Rafał Wójcik

Digital Editions and the Visualization of Multilayered Information•  The Least Distance of Distinct Vision is the closest someone with normal vision can comfortably look at something•  Traditional critical editions distort reality by their artificial selectivity, simplification and distance from the material sources•  Coming too close to the sources, variants and iconographic details might weaken our perception of the subject

Key Concepts for the Distinct Vision of Multilayer Information in a Text•  Graspability / transparency•  Adjustable focus•  Reader participation / flexibility•  An interoperable environment

„Behold this image!(Nota hanc figuram…)

Nota hanc figuram… treatise•  21 manuscripts, mostly from Central Europe, mostly monastic, 4 different versions of the image•  Written around 1425-1450, on the basis of an idea described in an art of memory

Challenges: - multiple versions of texts and images- multilayered information- let the reader choose between a version of the image & text in onesingle manuscript, and a virtual canvas containing only the notions, andlinked to the surviving 4 images Anime peccantis Death Corporis - Media enim vita in morte - Quotidie morimur. -  Praecisa est velut a texe ordirer, succidit me. - Tela texentis citius mea v - Memento mei deus, quia Biblical reference: Jb 7, 7: Mem et non revertetur oculus meus presciencie In vtroque

Using a virtual canvas to navigate between the images and textual variants Iudicium Paradisus•  Mors Infernus

Michael de Massa (*ca 1298, †1337) Historia Passionis Jesu ChristiSurviving manuscripts:•  Wrocław (Breslau), StB and UB, cod. I F 589•  Wrocław (Breslau), StB and UB, cod. I F 609•  Wrocław (Breslau), StB and UB, cod. I Q 100•  Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, cod. 215 (as De vita Christi, from Elbing; see: James 1912, 466, Nr. 512) (in Parker on the Web)•  Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, cod. 294b (as Concordia de passione domini, from Elbing; see: James 1912, 450, Nr. 499) (in the Parker on the Web)•  Elbląg (Elbing), StB, cod. Q 75 (ca 1451), ff. 164r-193r, as Passio Christi […] secundum Jacobum de Uitriaco, doctorem in theologia, episcopum et cardinalem, qui composuit ea propter audienciam deuocionem•  Fribourg, UB, L 16 (1466; from Zisterziensabtei Hauterive bei Fribourg), ff. 3r-14r (as Sermo bonus) (here also Angeli pacis by Michael de Massa, ff. 54r-73r•  Gent, UB, cod. 267•  Graz, UB, Ms. 1141 (1474), ff. 200-222•  München, BSB, Clm 6106•  Wien, ÖNB, cod. 1512 (14th century, as an attachment to Expositio super evang. Matth.)• •  This treatise is known also as a part of Expositio super evang. Matth. in following manuscripts:•  Philadelphia, Univ. of Phil., Lat 48•  Prague, UB, cod. X.D.8. (Y.I.4.n.120)

Sources, parallel texts and influence•  Michael de Massa: Angeli pacis (ca 1325) Extendit manum suam et arripuit gladium (ca 1330) Historia vitae Jesu Christi (ca 1337)•  Pseudo-Bonaventura: Meditationes vitae Christi (ca 1300)•  Ludolph of Saxony, Vita Christi - 1374•  Ulrich Pinder, Speculum passionis - 1507, 1519 (Nürnberg),•  Baltazar Opec, Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta – 1522 (Wietor), 1522 (Haller and Ungler), 1538 (Wietor) – many editions up to 20th century

What is a text?•  Blurred dividing lines between the individual copies (independent, appropriated, rewritten, abbreviated, adjusted) in a complex tradition•  The aim is not to find the dividing lines, but to create an environment in which these blurred interconnections between the surviving versions of the texts can be graphically represented•  Portions of the text move between the versions, later rewritings may contaminate manuscript copies of the earlier texts

The social contextualization of a text in a digital environment•  The Parker Library of the Corpus Christi College, Cambridge contains 40 mss. coming the former Brigittine monastery of Elbing (Poland)•  The Parker on the Web allows us to contextualize the place and function of the Passion of Christ in this collection•  Reconstructing a medieval library (intellectual scope, social role, traveling of texts, etc.)

TheInterpretations of Hebrew Names (Aaz) •  Biblical Glossary •  Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek words •  Afﬁxed to the vast majoriry of Late Medieval Bibles

Primary Secondary hover / hover (over The click primary) / Entry Aaz: Apprehendens vel Neh 11:13 click apprehensio  Et fratres ejus principes  patrum : ducenti quadraginta  duo. Et Amassai filius Azreel,  filius Ahazi, filius  Mosollamoth, filius Emmer, Third hover (over secondary) / click

Skeletal Edition     

Skeletal Edition Βηθφαγὴ ‫ בית פגי‬Mt 21:1 Lk 19:29      Hovering over an entry reveals Hebrew/Greek/ Aramaic and biblical references (as hyperlink)

Hypertext to   online Vulgate / Biblical  image  references  Lk 19:29 Et factum est, cum appropinquasset ad Bethphage et Bethaniam, ad montem qui vocatur Oliveti, misit duos discipulos suos Mt 21:1 Et cum appropinquassent Jerosolymis, et venissent Bethphage ad montem Oliveti; tunc Jesus misit duos discipulos The Entry

Biblical References Lk 19:29 Et factum est, cum appropinquasset ad Bethphage et Bethaniam, ad montem qui vocatur Oliveti, misit duos discipulos suos  Mt 21:1 Et cum appropinquassent Jerosolymis, et venissent Bethphage ad  montem Oliveti; tunc Jesus misit duos discipulos    Liber interpretationis [de evangelio Matthaei] Bethfage domus oris vallium vel domus buccae. Syrum est non Hebreum. Quidam putant domum maxillarum vocari. Hypertext to bibliography / Aaron Bethfage domus oris vel domus bucce seu domus vallium aut domus editions maxillarum. Mt 21. Renderings of the Glossary

     SERMON John Waldeby (OSA): “..& venissent bethfage” qui interpretatur  domus bucce SERMON Middle English Revision of Odo of Cheriton: And so he came by Betphage, þat is to seye an hous of teerus, SERMON Odo of Cheriton: Betphage interpretatur domus bucce, vel maxillarum Reception of the entry

Clicking on a square will open up the full  reference     SERMON Middle English Revision of Odo: And so he came by Betphage, þat is to seye an hous of teerus, from betphanie, þat is buxumnesse, techinge us what weye we schulen wende to þe citee of hevenly pees. First by buxumnesse to do þe wille of God and to kepe hise heestus... And so, fro buxumnesse þat us meke knowlechynge of synne, armen schulden weende by Bethphage, þat is teerus and wepynge, wiþ Criste to þe mounte of Olyvete. [Spencer, Sermon, pp. 640-1]

Summarium Biblicum (Biblical Summary) anonymous (ascribed to Alexander de Villa Dei) Bible in 212 verses most o;en called Biblia pauperum in the mss. over 350 mss. from 14th-‐15th centuries throughout Europe Sex prohibet peccant abel enoch archa fit intrant egreditur dormit variantur turris et abram loth reges credit fuga circumcisio risus sulphur rex ierare parit offert sarra rebeca post geminos putei benedicit scala sorores virgas abscedit luctatur gra:a dina benon gens esau vendunt thamar impia tres tres preficitur veniunt redeunt post tris:a noscunt omne genus quintam languet benedic:o ioseph.

Ms. München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek clm. 23799 (XV), f. 74v-75r

Ms. Kremsmünster, •  Stiftsbibliothek, 167(XV), f. 1r

Ms. Melk, Stiftsbibliothek, 1793 (XV), f. 235v-236r

•  Ms. Mainz, Stadtbibliothek, I 570(XV), f. 3r

Prague, Strahov monastery, DB III 13, Old Testament, Bohemia, 2/3 15th c., f. 9v-10r

Ms. SanktGallen,Stiftsbibliothek 972b (XV),p. 3

•  Ms. Wien, Österreichische NaLonalbibliothek, Pal. 4535 , (from 1402), f. 186r

Ms. Oxford, Bodleian Library,Marshall 86 (1/2 XV), f. 100r

Prague, National Library,XVIII B 18Bohemia 1441f. 1r

Prague, NaLonal Library, I A 41, (1468-‐77), fol. 169r two sets of glosses for many keywords

Prague, National Library,XI A 14,Bible from Bohemia1417-1436f. 8rBook of Ester,originally only 1 line,2 lines added below

Challenges • Page composiLon: main text – order -‐ gloss – biblical reference – addiLons & correcLons (contemporary and later) – combinaLon with other tools – layout – verse • Contents: biblical reference, correcLon and corrupLon, number and order of chapters • Manuscript context: links to other texts (such as the Bible) it is transmi[ed with; other mnemonic tools – how do the text interrelate? • Social and historical context: place and Lme of composiLon, scribes, environment (monastery, university), use – if recoverable

Reality = conLnuum with arLficial cuts for the sake of communicaLon Too far = too much simplificaLon Too near = no pa[erns discerned, no conclusions possible Variety of Distances of Dis/nct Vision – flexible, mulLple, adjustable – no allusion of the one correct Use the new digital tools to go beyond the criLcal ediLon Yet, encoding already includes interpretaLon in the way presentaLon imposes a perspecLve on the reader/viewer Thus, all these remain selecLve and random glimpses of “reality”

Least Distance of Distinct Vision Too far = too much simplificaLon Too near = no pa[erns discerned, no conclusions possible Reality = conLnuum with arLficial cuts for the sake of communicaLon Variety of Distances of Dis/nct Vision – flexible, mulLple, adjustable – no illusion of the one correct view Encoding already includes interpretaLon in the way presentaLon imposes a perspecLve on the reader/viewer Use the new digital tools to go beyond the criLcal ediLon

Medieval latin manuscripts least distance of distinct vision

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