vim用户手册中文版

__ ___ ___ ____ ____ | | / / / / / | / | | || / / / /__/ / / || / || | || / / / __/ / /| || / /| || | || / / / ___ / / | || / / | || | || / / / / / / / /| || / / /| || | || / / / / / / / / / | ||/ / / | || | || / / / / / / / / / | |/ / / | || | || / / / / / / / / / | / / | || | || / / / / / / / / / | / / | || | ||/ / / / / / / / / | / / | || | |/ / / / / / / / / |__/ / | || | / / / / / / / / __/ | || | / / / / / / / / | || | / / / / / / / / | || |__/ / /__/ / /__/ / |__|| __/ __/ __/ __| : Bram Moolenaar : slimzhao@21cn.com : 0.11 1 , Vim 1

, Vim , Vim , , Vim , , , , . . Vim , . , , .2 , , , Vim , , . . , , . Vim . , Vim , . , , , . Vim . notepad, word, edit , , Vim , . BUG . , Vim( vi) , , , Vim . Vim . , , . Vim . notepad, edit . , , , . , UNIX , , :help xxx . . , . . , , , , , , 2 2

. . , , , Mission Impossible . . Vim , . . i18n internationalization, Vim the teh , Vim , script, . Vim . Vim . Vim SHELL . Vim . Vim . , , , Vim , Vim , , , , , ; L TEX A , L TEX A . , , , , email slimzhao@21cn.com . Bram, , . The Vim user manual and reference manual are Copyright (c) 1988-2002 by Bram Moolenaar. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later. The latest version is presently available at: http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/ People who contribute to the manuals must agree with the above copyright notice. Vim . slimzhao@21cn.com 2003/04/16 3

|usr 29.txt| |usr 30.txt| |usr 31.txt| GUI Vim |usr 40.txt| |usr 41.txt| Vim |usr 42.txt| |usr 43.txt| |usr 44.txt| |usr 45.txt| Vim |usr 90.txt| Vim HTML PDF : http://vimdoc.sf.net , Vim . |usr 01.txt| |01.1| |01.2| |01.3| Vim |01.4| |usr 02.txt| Vim |02.1| Vim |02.2| 5

|02.3| |02.4| |02.5| |02.6| |02.7| |02.8| |usr 03.txt| |03.1| Word |03.2| |03.3| |03.4| |03.5| |03.6| |03.7| |03.8| |03.9| |03.10| |usr 04.txt| |04.1| |04.2| |04.3| |04.4| Visual |04.5| |04.6| |04.7| |04.8| |04.9| |04.10| |usr 05.txt| Vim, |05.1| vimrc |05.2| vimrc |05.3| |05.4| plugin |05.5| |05.6| |05.7| 6

|usr 06.txt| |06.1| |06.2| ? |06.3| |06.4| |06.5| |06.6| |usr 07.txt| |07.1| |07.2| |07.3| |07.4| |07.5| |07.6| |07.7| |usr 08.txt| |08.1| |08.2| |08.3| |08.4| |08.5| |08.6| |08.7| vimdiﬀ |08.8| |usr 09.txt| GUI |09.1| GUI |09.2| |09.3| |09.4| |usr 10.txt| |10.1| |10.2| 7

|10.3| |10.4| |10.5| |10.6| |10.7| |10.8| |10.9| |usr 11.txt| |11.1| |11.2| ? |11.3| ? |11.4| |usr 12.txt| |12.1| word |12.2| Last, First First Last |12.3| |12.4| |12.5| |12.6| ( : Unix ) |12.7| |12.8| word |usr 20.txt| |20.1| |20.2| |20.3| |20.4| |20.5| |usr 21.txt| 8

|21.1| |21.2| shell |21.3| : viminfo |21.4| |21.5| |21.6| |usr 22.txt| |22.1| |22.2| |22.3| |22.4| |usr 23.txt| |23.1| DOS, Mac Unix |23.2| |23.3| |23.4| |23.5| |usr 24.txt| |24.1| |24.2| |24.3| |24.4| |24.5| |24.6| |24.7| |24.8| |24.9| ( : :digraphs) |24.10| Normal |usr 25.txt| |25.1| |25.2| |25.3| 9

|25.4| |25.5| |usr 26.txt| , — |26.1| Visual |26.2| |26.3| |26.4| shell Vim |usr 27.txt| |27.1| |27.2| |27.3| |27.4| |27.5| |27.6| |27.7| |27.8| |27.9| |usr 28.txt| |28.1| ? |28.2| |28.3| |28.4| |28.5| |28.6| |28.7| |28.8| |28.9| |28.10| ? |usr 29.txt| |29.1| tags |29.2| |29.3| 10

|29.4| |29.5| |usr 30.txt| |30.1| |30.2| C |30.3| |30.4| ( : ??) |30.5| |30.6| |usr 31.txt| GUI |31.1| |31.2| |31.3| |31.4| Vim |31.5| Vim Vim |usr 40.txt| |40.1| |40.2| |40.3| |usr 41.txt| Vim |41.1| |41.2| |41.3| |41.4| |41.5| |41.6| |41.7| 11

|41.8| Various remarks |41.9| plugin |41.10| plugin |41.11| plugin |usr 42.txt| |42.1| |42.2| |42.3| Various |42.4| Toolbar and popup menus |usr 43.txt| |43.1| |43.2| |usr 44.txt| |44.1| |44.2| |44.3| |44.4| |44.5| |44.6| |44.7| |44.8| |44.9| |44.10| |44.11| |44.12| |usr 45.txt| |45.1| |45.2| |45.3| |45.4| |45.5| 12

Vim Vimming . |usr 90.txt| Vim |90.1| Unix |90.2| MS-Windows |90.3| |90.4| |90.5| Vim : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 13

*usr 01.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 01 15 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . Vim . |01.1| |01.2| |01.3| Vim |01.4| : |usr 02.txt| The ﬁrst steps in Vim : |usr toc.txt| *01.1* Vim : 1. , . . 2. Vim . |notation| . ( : |notation| ) [[ ]] . , . : CTRL-] CTRL-O ( : Back ) ( : , Vim HTML , <a href=#somewhere>click here</a> click here click here , , ; Vim CTRL-] , , 14

, CTRL-] ) , : |bars|. , ńumber´, :write , . CTRL-] CTRL-]. :help , |help.txt|. *01.2* Vim. , ( GUI ), : |usr 90.txt|. *not-compatible* Vi Vim . Vi , , . vimrc . VIM , : Unix: :!cp -i $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim ~/.vimrc MS-DOS, MS-Windows, OS/2: :!copy $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim $VIM/_vimrc Amiga: :!copy $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim $VIM/.vimrc . Vim, ćompatible´ . : :set compatible? ńocompatible´ . compatible . . . : :scriptnames 15

, . , ´compatible´ . |vimrc| |compatible-default|. : Vim. evim (easy vim) . Vim. Notepad . Insert , . , , . |evim-keys|. *01.3* Vim ( !) vimtutor Vim . 30 , . Unix MS-Windows , Vim , : vimtutor , , . . , , : vimtutor fr Unix , : 1. . VIM ( ): vim -u NONE -c ’e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor’ -c ’w! TUTORCOPY’ -c ’q’ , , : vim -u NONE -c ’e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor.fr’ -c ’w! TUTORCOPY’ -c ’q’ vim -u NONE -c "set nocp" TUTORCOPY Vim( : ) . 3. del TUTORCOPY *01.4* *manual-copyright* 16

*usr 02.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim Vim . . . , . |02.1| Vim |02.2| |02.3| |02.4| |02.5| |02.6| |02.7| |02.8| : |usr 03.txt| Moving around : |usr 01.txt| About the manuals : |usr toc.txt| *02.1* Vim : gvim file.txt Vim. UNIX , Microsoft Windows, MS-DOS . Vim ﬁle.txt . , . : +---------------------------------------+ |# | |~ | |~ | 18

|~ | |~ | |"file.txt" [New file] | +---------------------------------------+ ( # .) (˜) . , Vim . , ﬁle.txt, . , . VIM gvim . : vim file.txt . , xterm , xterm . Microsoft Windows MS-DOS , . , gvim , . *02.2* Vim . . Normal . Normal . Insert . Vim Normal . Insert i (i Insert). . , . : iA very intelligent turtle Found programming UNIX a hurdle turtle . <Esc> Insert Normal . Vim : +---------------------------------------+ |A very intelligent turtle | |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | |~ | 19

|~ | | | +---------------------------------------+ ? , : :set showmode . ( , ). ( ). , i Vim --INSERT--. Insert . +---------------------------------------+ |A very intelligent turtle | |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | |~ | |~ | |-- INSERT -- | +---------------------------------------+ <Esc> Normal --INSERT-- . ( : Normal --NORMAL--, ) Vim — , . , <Esc> Normal ( Normal ). <Esc>, Vim , Normal . ( : google : ??) *02.3* , : h 20

, : iA young <Esc> Insert (i), A young , Insert ( <Esc>). : +---------------------------------------+ |A young intelligent turtle | |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | |~ | |~ | | | +---------------------------------------+ dd . : +---------------------------------------+ |Found programming UNIX a hurdle | |~ | |~ | |~ | | | +---------------------------------------+ Vim , : J . : A young intelligent turtle J : A young intelligent turtle . , u , .( : 22

, , ... ). , dd , u . : A : A young intelligent turtle xxxxxxx A young . : intelligent turtle u . g, : g intelligent turtle u : ng intelligent turtle u, : ung intelligent turtle oung intelligent turtle young intelligent turtle young intelligent turtle A young intelligent turtle : u , Vim Vi . |not-compatible| . Vim Vim . Vi , . , CTRL-R( ) . , . CTRL-R , A : young intelligent turtle , U , . U . 23

A very intelligent turtle xxxx very A intelligent turtle xxxxxx turtle A intelligent "U" A very intelligent turtle "u" "U" A intelligent U , u CTRL-R . , , u CTRL-R . *02.6* Vim . |Q in| , . i . ? . a i . , and that’s not saying much for the turtle. and that’s not saying much for the turtle!!! , x . turtle e . : a!!!<Esc> e : and that’s not saying much for the turtle!!! 24

o , Insert . . : A very intelligent turtle Found programming UNIX a hurdle o : oThat liked using Vim<Esc> : A very intelligent turtle That liked using Vim Found programming UNIX a hurdle O ( O) . 9 . kkkkkkkkk 9k . , . , , a!!!<Esc> . 3a!<Esc> . 3 3 . , 3 3x . . *02.7* Vim, ZZ . Vim. : Vim , . ZZ , Vim . . Vim . |07.4|. . . Vim : 25

:q! . , 3 : (:), ;q , ; (!). ( : Vim )( : :! , , w! ). , Vim . :q , Vim : E37: No write since last change (use ! to override) Vim, ” , ”. , :e! . *02.8* Vim , ! :help . <F1> <F1>. , :help . Vim ( ) : . . hljk . , ZZ . , Vim. , ( |help|). . CTRL-]( ), .( , Vim . CTRL-] word ( : , HTML , HTML <a href= http://www.w3.org/2001/HTML >HTML</a> 26

Vim tag , Vim ). , , CTRL-T( ) . CTRL-O( ) . *help.txt* . * ( ). |29.1| . , : :help {subject} x , : :help x , : :help deleting Vim , : :help index ( , CTRL-A), CTRL- : :help CTRL-A Vim ( : Insert Normal ). Normal . , Normal CTRL-H : :help CTRL-H , . Insert , i . CTRL-H : :help i_CTRL-H Vim , . - . -t , : :help -t 27

*usr 03.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 01 31 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , , Vim . . , |Q lr| . |03.1| Word |03.2| |03.3| |03.4| |03.5| |03.6| |03.7| |03.8| |03.9| |03.10| : |usr 04.txt| : |usr 02.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *03.1* Word w word. Vim , w word. 3w 3 words. : This is a line with example text --->-->->-----------------> w w w 3w word w word . b ( : abbr:backward) word : 29

This is a line with example text <----<--<-<---------<--- b b b 2b b , e ( : abbr:end of word) word . ( : w , word , e word ) w b , e ge , word ( : , e , word , word ): This is a line with example text <- <--- -----> ----> ge ge e e word, w word . w , l . b , . word non-word , . , - ) . Vim word , ´iskeyword´ . WORDs . WORD word . WORD word. , : ge b w e <- <- ---> ---> This is-a line, with special/separated/words (and some more). <----- <----- --------------------> -----> gE B W E , . *03.2* $ . <End> , . ˆ . 0 . <Home> . : ^ 30

<------------ .....This is a line with example text <----------------- ---------------> 0 $ ( ..... ) $ , . . . 1$ , 2$ , . 0 , 0 , 0 , , , ˆ ( : ˆ , ). *03.3* ( : terms:single-character). fx ( : , ) x. : f Find . , , human h . fh : To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ---------->---------------> fh fy fy really . ( : term:count); 3ﬂ foul l : To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ---------------------> 3fl F ( : : , ): To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. <--------------------- Fh 31

tx fx , , . : t To . Tx : To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. <------------ -------------> Th tn 4 ; . , , ( : Fx , , , ). , 4 . . ( : , fx x , f , , , , Vim , Windows , ) *03.4* () . . ( , ) , ) , ( . ( : ): % <-----> if (a == (b * c) / d) <----------------> % [] {} .( ´matchpairs´ .[ : , <>, HTML, XML ]) , , ) : if (a == (b * c) / d) ---+----------------> % 32

. 3n 3 . / .( : ??) ? / , ( : : Vim , ): ?word N , / ? . / N , ? N . . , ´ignorecase´ : :set ignorecase word , Word WORD . , : :set noignorecase 3 : /one /two /three / , . , Vim /three , three . , , Vim /two . /one . . , . /o<Up> ( : <Up> )Vim /one . : . . . WORD word TheLongFunctionName , . /TheLongFunctionName , 37

. Vim . : word , * . Vim word .( : : word ? ? : Visual select, yank, :let @/=@”, n) # * . : 3* word . WORD /the Vim there . the : /the> > , word . , < word .( : word , , , 0). word the : /<the> there soothe . * # word word( g* g# word .) HIGHLIGHTING MATCHES nr . . nr * n . . : :set hlsearch nr , Vim . , , . ( A: ? /%<3l ) : :set nohlsearch . , ( C: , , ´hlsearch´ ): 38

:nohlsearch ´hlsearch´ . . , . n N . . : :set incsearch Vim . . : :set nowrapscan . , . ´wrapscan´ , . INTERMEZZO ( : ??) , Vim , Vim . |not-compatible| . : :scriptnames , : :edit ~/.vimrc , Vim . : Go:set hlsearch<Esc> G . o , :set . <Esc> . : ZZ 39

Vim , ´hlsearch´ . *03.9* Vim . , . , , . . |usr 27.txt|. |pattern| . ˆ . ( : )6 . include include . ˆinclude include. $ . was$ was. x the : the solder holding one of the chips melted and the xxx xxx xxx /the$ : the solder holding one of the chips melted and the xxx ˆthe : the solder holding one of the chips melted and the xxx /ˆthe$ , the . , the , . . . c.m c m , . :( : , l , . , , , ,. ): 40

We use a computer that became the cummin winter. xxx xxx xxx . , . : . ter. , : We use a computer that became the cummin winter. xxxx xxxx ter. 2 . *03.10* G , Vim . Vim . : ‘‘ , , ( : ,’ , : , ‘ 1 ) . ‘ , ‘. , , . / n ( ). fx tx , word w e . , j k , ( : 3G 3 , ) ‘‘ . CTRL-O ( : O older). CTRL-I ( : I O ). 3 : 33G /^The CTRL-O 41

33 ( : , , ), The . CTRL-O 33 . CTRL-O 33G . CTRL-I 33 . CTRL-I /^The : | example text ^ | 33G | example text | CTRL-O | CTRL-I | example text | | V line 33 text ^ V | example text | | /^The | example text | CTRL-O | CTRL-I V There you are | V example text : CTRL-I <Tab> . :jumps . > . Vim . ma a . a z 26 . . Vim . , ‘{mark}, {mark} . : ‘a ´mark( , ) mark . `mark , `mark mark . . , . s(start) : ms e(end) : me 42

, : ’s ’’ , ’e e . s ( : start), e ( : end) , . : :marks . : ’ " [ ] : |usr 04.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 43

*usr 04.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 01 07 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar . 3 : + ( : terms:operator-motion), Visual . |04.1| |04.2| |04.3| |04.4| Visual |04.5| |04.6| |04.7| |04.8| |04.9| |04.10| : |usr 05.txt| Vim, : |usr 03.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *04.1* 2 x . 4x 4 . dw word. w word . , d , . , 4w 4 word. d4w 4 word. To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ------------------> d4w To err is human. you need a computer. 44

Vim . Vim word . e word , Vim ( : , ): To err is human. you need a computer. --------> d2e To err is human. a computer. . , . ( : : exclusive , inclusive ) $ . d$ . , : To err is human. a computer. ------------> d$ To err is human : - . . d . 4l w . . *04.2* c , . d , Insert . cw word. , , word Insert : To err is human -------> c2wbe<Esc> To be human c2wbe<Esc> : 45

c 2w word( Insert ) be <Esc> Normal : human . : , , . cw . c d , : cw , ce , word . word . Vi . , Vim .( F: : ). dd , cc . ( ). d$ , c$ . d$ a Insert . – : x dl( ) X dh( ) D d$( ) C c$( ) s cl( ) S cc( ) 3dw d3w 3 word. , 3dw word 3 ; d3w 3 word. . , , 3d2w word, 3 , 6 word. r . . cl s , r <Esc> Normal . there is somerhing grong here rT rt rw 46

There is something wrong here r . There is something wrong here 5rx There is something xxxxx here r<Enter> . . : 4r<Enter> 4 .( : : , ) *04.3* . Vim . . , HTML , <B> . <B> < df> . </B> < . . . ( df> ). , < . . To <B>generate</B> a table of <B>contents f< < ---> df> > --> f< < ---------> . df> ---> f< < -------------> . df> --> . , u CTRL-R . ( C: . Normal , Normal Insert , , , , : asdf 123 asdf 1234 47

1 cwxyz , Normal , : asdf xyz 1 , . , : asdf xyz : asdf xyz4 , 3 xyz). : four ﬁve . . : /four<Enter> "four" cwfive<Esc> "five" n "four" . "five" n . *04.4* Visual - . . Visual . v Visual . . . . , : This is an examination sample of visual mode ----------> velllld This is an example of visual mode 48

*04.5* d x , . p ( Vim put) . , dd . p . . a line a line a line line 2 dd line 3 p line 3 line 3 line 2 , p . ( word), p ( : ). Some more boring try text to out commands. ----> dw Some more boring text to out commands. --------> welp Some more boring text to try out commands. PUTTING ( D: terms:putting) P p , . dd , P . dw , P ( : ). . . p P . . dd 3p 3 . , ( ). , the teh . Vim 50

, teh e xp . : x e . p e , h . teh th the x p *04.6* , , u . p . : yanking ( D: term:yanking). y . p .( F: ") Yanking Vim , c ( F: change, copy ), y . yank y . y , yw word. . y2w word: let sqr = LongVariable * --------------> y2w let sqr = LongVariable * p let sqr = LongVariable * LongVariable yw word . , ye . yy , dd . D , Y . ! y$ . a text line yy a text line a text line line 2 line 2 p line 2 last line last line a text line last line 51

*04.7* Vim GUI (gvim), Edit Copy . Visual , Edit/Copy . . . Vim . ( : , Copy Normal yank Copy , Vim *, y Vim " , Vim ) , Vim Edit/Paste . Normal Insert . Visual . Cut . Copy , Cut Paste ( ). Vim , .( D: terms: toolbar, pop menu) GUI, , . y (yank) p (put) , "*( , ). : "*yy : "*p Vim . |09.3| |clipboard|. *04.8* , dw . : daw . ( F: PERL : There is more than one way to do the same thing) this is some example text. 52

daw this is some text. daw d . aw . : aw A Word . daw Delete A Word ( F: ). Vim . - Visual . + . - , , . . cis . : Hello there. This is an example. Just some text. is an . cis : Hello there. Just some text. . Another line. : Hello there. Another line. Just some text. cis c is . Inner Sentence . as (a sentence) . as is . , , das . , , cis . Visual . Visual . Visual , . , v Visual , as . as . . |text-objects| . *04.9* 53

R Vim replace . , . <Esc> . ( C: replace , ) text t Replace : This is text. Rinteresting.<Esc> This is interesting. 5 . 12 . R . .( B: 12 ??) <Insert> Insert Replace . ( : Replace ) <BS> , . . *04.10* , . , N M N*M ! |operator| . , . : x ("dl" ) X ("dh" ) D ("d$" ) dw word db word diw word( ) daw word( ) dG dgg c d . y yank , . : 54

~ , . ( ’tildeop’ ), . Visual .( : ’tildeop’ g~ , ) I Insert A Insert : |usr 05.txt| Set your settings : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 55

*usr 05.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 11 02 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim, Vim Vim . Vim . plugin . ( D: terms: ). |05.1| vimrc |05.2| vimrc |05.3| |05.4| plugin |05.5| |05.6| |05.7| : |usr 06.txt| : |usr 04.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *05.1* vimrc . , vimrc . Vim . vimrc , : :scriptnames .vimrc vimrc , home . vimrc , |vimrc| , vimrc . :version Vim . Unix : ~/.vimrc 56

MS-DOS MS-Windows : $HOME/_vimrc $VIM/_vimrc vimrc . . Vim ´incsearch´ . vimrc : set incsearch Vim . Vim . , vim |usr 41.txt|. *05.2* vimrc *vimrc example.vim* vimrc ( Vim ) Vim not-compatible ( |not-compatible|). : $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim . . . :help . set nocompatible , Vim , Vi . ´compatible´ . set backspace=indent,eol,start Vim Insert . Vim , , Insert . 57

set autoindent Vim . , Insert Normal o . if has("vms") set nobackup else set backup endif Vim . VMS , . ˜ . |07.4|. set history=50 . . set ruler Vim . set showcmd Vim . 2f , Vim 2f . w , 2fw Vim , 2f . +-------------------------------------------------+ |text in the Vim window | |~ | |~ | |-- VISUAL -- 2f 43,8 17% | +-------------------------------------------------+ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ’showmode’ ’showcmd’ ’ruler’ set incsearch 58

.( : : . , , , . , , , , , ). map Q gq . . Q gq . Vim5.0 Q . , Q Ex , . vnoremap p <Esc>:let current_reg = @"<CR>gvs<C-R>=current_reg<CR><Esc> . . p Visual yank . . , . if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running") syntax on set hlsearch endif , . ´hlsearch´ Vim . if . Vim |usr 41.txt|. *vimrc-ﬁletype* filetype plugin indent on Vim : 1. , Vim . main.c , Vim .c c C . #!/bin/sh , Vim sh shell . 59

2. plugin ( : ) . c , ćindent´ . Vim plugin . , |write-filetype-plain|. 3. , . Vim . |:filetype- indent-on| índentexpr´ . autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=78 Vim , 78 . . autocmd FileType text . text . setlocal textwidth=78 textwidth 78, . autocmd BufReadPost * if line("’"") > 0 && line("’"") <= line("$") | exe "normal g‘"" | endif . . ’"( : ), . . . |line-continuation|. Vim , . *05.3* Vim . . , amount {amount} . :map , Vim F5 : :map <F5> i{<Esc>ea}<Esc> : , 4 <F5>, 5 <Esc> , F5 ESC . . 60

: <F5> F5 . . i{<Esc> { . <Esc> Insert . e word a}<Esc> word } . , word word , F5. , ; . Vim , ( : , ), Vim . . , p word , c . : :map p i(<Esc>ea)<Esc> :map c i{<Esc>ea}<Esc> p , Vim ( : |timeoutlen|) :map ( ) . Normal . |40.1|. *05.4* plugin *add-plugin* *plugin* Vim plugin . plugin Vim . plugin , . plugin : : : plugin, plugin |add- ﬁletype-plugin|. plugin *standard-plugin* Vim , plugin, 61

. plugin , Vim Vim . |standard- plugin-list| plugin . |load-plugins|. *add-global-plugin* plugin , : 1. plugin . 2. . plugin ? 1. Vim . $VIMRUNTIME/macros 2. , http://vim.sf.net 3. Vim |maillist|. 4. : |write-plugin|. plugin plugin , . copy plugin : system plugin directory plugin Unix ~/.vim/plugin/ PC and OS/2 $HOME/vimfiles/plugin or $VIM/vimfiles/plugin Amiga s:vimfiles/plugin Macintosh $VIM:vimfiles:plugin RISC-OS Choices:vimfiles.plugin Unix ( plugin ): mkdir ~/.vim mkdir ~/.vim/plugin cp /usr/local/share/vim/vim60/macros/justify.vim ~/.vim/plugin ! plugin . plugin *add-ﬁletype-plugin* *ftplugins* ( : : ﬁletype plugins) Vim plugin, : 62

:filetype plugin on ! |vimrc-filetype|. plugin, , plugin: 1. plugin. 2. . plugin plugin , plugin , , $VIMRUNTIME/macros , $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin . plugin plugin . plugin , ftplugin . stuff plugin, Unix , : mv thefile ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff.vim . , , : mv thefile ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff_too.vim , . otherstuff.vim , Vim , otherstuff . MS-DOS . plugin 6 ( : MS-DOS 8 , 6 , , plugin ) , : mkdir $VIM/vimfiles/ftplugin/fortran copy thefile $VIM/vimfiles/ftplugin/fortran/too.vim plugin : 63

ftplugin/<filetype>.vim ftplugin/<filetype>_<name>.vim ftplugin/<filetype>/<name>.vim <name> . Unix stuff : ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff.vim ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff_def.vim ~/.vim/ftplugin/stuff/header.vim <filetype> plugin . plugin. plugin <name> Vim , plugin <name> . .vim . : |filetype-plugins| plugin |load-plugins| Vim plugin |ftplugin-overrule| plugin . |write-plugin| plugin . |plugin-details| plugin plugin bug. *05.5* *add-local-help* , plugin . , plugin . matchit.vim plugin ( Vim ). plugin , , Vim ( ). plugin : matchit.txt . plugin . Vim , $VIMRUNTIME ( : MS-DOS MS-Windows ). ( mkdir ). ( : MS-DOS MS-Windows mkdir md , , mkdir MS-DOS, MS-Windows Unix , Mac OS X, Darwin Unix ) :!mkdir ~/.vim :!mkdir ~/.vim/plugin :!cp $VIMRUNTIME/macros/matchit.vim ~/.vim/plugin 64

´runtimepath´ , doc . :!mkdir ~/.vim/doc copy doc . :!cp $VIMRUNTIME/macros/matchit.txt ~/.vim/doc , : |:helptags| tags .( : tags / , C/C++/Java , foo , , tags , tags-aware Vim/Emacs tags , tags + + . tags , man ctags, man etags) :helptags ~/.vim/doc :help g% g :help LOCAL ADDITIONS . . . |write-local-help| ( : terms:local help ﬁle) *05.6* , |options| . : 65

:options , , , . . . CTRL-O . . , displaying text , : set wrap nowrap , : set nowrap wrap . ´wrap´ . ´wrap´ ( : , options.txt ). CTRL-O . , , ( : Normal ) . , : set so=0 $ 0 . r5 5. . . ´scrolloﬀ´ , . *05.7* Vim . . . , :help , ( : , ), : :help ’wrap’ 66

, & , : :set iskeyword& Vim , . . . : :set nowrap Vim , . 10 ( : ), : :set sidescroll=10 . Vim ( : ). ´whichwrap´ . :set whichwrap=b,s . . ( : h, l ) , : :set whichwrap=b,s,<,> Normal . Insert : :set whichwrap=b,s,<,>,[,] 67

, ´whichwrap´. , . : :set list ˆI . $ , . . , GUI, Vim . ´listchars´ : :set listchars=tab:>-,trail:- >— ( : :set list), - , , ? ´iskeyword´ word : :set iskeyword iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255 > @ . 48-57 ASCII 48 57 , 0 9. 192-255 . word , w upper-case word : :set iskeyword+=- :set iskeyword iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255,- Vim . -= . , : :set iskeyword-=_ :set iskeyword iskeyword=@,48-57,192-255,- . 68

Vim . , Vim , . ´cmdheight´ ( : ). : :set cmdheight=3 , ..., . : |usr 06.txt| Using syntax highlighting : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 69

*usr 06.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar . . , . . . |06.1| |06.2| ? |06.3| |06.4| |06.5| |06.6| : |usr 07.txt| Editing more than one ﬁle : |usr 05.txt| Set your settings : |usr toc.txt| *06.1* : :syntax enable . Vim . , , . . .( : ??) , syntax enable |vimrc| . , |vimrc| : if &t_Co > 1 syntax enable endif 70

. ( . ). |new-ﬁletype| Vim . - ( : Xml Schema .xsd xml ). , , |mysyntaxﬁle|. : - Vim . ( ) . ( ) . Vim , . ´background´ , : :set background=dark : :set background=light :syntax enable , . ´background´ :syntax reset Vim .- Vim . . , . CTRL- L. , . Tex |tex.vim|. *06.3* , . GUI Edit/Color Scheme . : :colorscheme evening evening . . $VIMRUNTIME/colors , |vimrc| :colorscheme . . : 1. . Vim . Unix : 72

!mkdir ~/.vim/colors !cp $VIMRUNTIME/colors/morning.vim ~/.vim/colors/mine.vim Vim , $VIMRUNTIME . 2. . : term cterm ctermfg ctermbg gui GUI guifg GUI guibg GUI , : :highlight Comment ctermfg=green guifg=green cterm gui bold underline . , bold,underline . |:highlight|. 3. |vimrc| Vim : colorscheme mine , : :edit $VIMRUNTIME/syntax/colortest.vim :source % . . *06.4* . , : :syntax clear ( ) . *:syn-oﬀ* : 73

:syntax off , . *:syn-manual* , : :syntax manual , . , ´syntax´ : :set syntax=ON *06.5* MS-Windows Vim : :hardcopy , . , Vim . Vim . Vim : ’printdevice’ ’printheader’ ’printfont’ ’printoptions’ , Visual , : v100j:hardcopy v Visual . 100j 100 , . :hardcopy . Visual . 74

*usr 07.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , Vim . . . . |07.1| |07.2| |07.3| |07.4| |07.5| |07.6| |07.7| : |usr 08.txt| Splitting windows : |usr 06.txt| Using syntax highlighting : |usr toc.txt| *07.1* Vim Vim. . :edit foo.txt Vim . foo.txt . Vim . , Vim : E37: No write since last change (use ! to override) : Vim ID , , ID: :help E37 76

, . : :write Vim , : :edit! foo.txt , ( : ), : :hide edit foo.txt , . |22.4| *07.2* Vim . : vim one.c two.c three.c Vim 3 . Vim . , : :next . , , :next . :edit . , : :next! . : :wnext 77

( : , , Vim . ). : :write :next ? . (2 of 3) . 3 2 . , : :args arguments . : one.c [two.c] three.c Vim . . : :previous :next , . : :wprevious : :last : :first :wlast :ﬁrst . :next :previous . 2 : 78

:2next ( : , word , Vim , ) , :write . . , Vim , ( : ): :set autowrite , : :set noautowrite Vim, . 3 : :args five.c six.c seven.h , shell : :args *.txt Vim . , , , :args! ( !) . ? *arglist-quit* , Vim . , Vim : E173: 46 more files to edit , . ( ) *07.3* 79

, CTRL-ˆ( ˆ 6 ). : :args one.c two.c three.c one.c. :next two.c . CTRL-ˆ one.c. CTRL- ˆ two.c , : :next three.c. CTRL-ˆ , :next :previous . alternate . Vim , . , : ‘" . : ‘. one.txt . x . G , :w , :edit one.txt . ‘” Vim , . ‘. x . , ‘” ‘. . . 4 mx , ‘x . , , . . . . . , . foo.txt . ( 50 80

50%mF bar.txt B(B bar) : GmB ’F foo.txt . , ’B bar.txt . Vim , . , .( : , ) . , H header ,M Makeﬁle, C C . , marks : :marks M : :marks MCP CTRL-O CTRL-I . *07.4* Vim . , : :set backup ˜. data.txt, data.txt˜. , : :set backupext=.bak data.txt.bak . ´backupdir´. . . . 81

: ´backup´ ´writebackup´ , Vim . , . ( , ) . , , . . , . ´patchmode´ Vim , : :set patchmode=.orig data.txt , , Vim data.txt.orig . , Vim data.txt.orig , data.txt˜ ( ´backupext´ ). ´patchmode´ ( ), . *07.5* , . . v . Visual . y . yanks( ) . , : :edit thisfile /This vjjjj$y ( : , ). . , p . :edit otherfile /There p yank . V Visual . CTRL-V 82

. Y , yaw yank-a-word, . p . P . Vim , . , , . . Vim . a z 26 ( ). f (f ﬁrst): "fyas yas . Vim f "f. . 3 l (l line): "l3Y "l . b (b block): CTRL-Vjjww"by b y . . w" . f, l, b 3 . , : "fp "f p . 3 . , ( : ). . , . . , word w : "wdaw d . , : 83

:write >> logfile logﬁle . , log . . . , :write Visual . 10 . *07.6* , . :w . , . Vim: vim -R file Unix : view file ( : MS-Windows MS-DOS ) ﬁle , :w . : W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file . . , . :write ! .( : ! ) , : vim -M file . , , : E21: Cannot make changes, ’modifiable’ is off 84

-M Vim viewer . , : :set modifiable :set write *07.7* . , . , : :edit copy.c . . :saveas : :saveas move.c Vim , . :write , move.c , copy.c . , , : :file move.c Vim not edited ( : ). Vim Vim . : E13: File exists (use ! to override) . : |usr 08.txt| Splitting windows : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 85

*usr 08.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 03 09 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , , . . |08.1| |08.2| |08.3| |08.4| |08.5| |08.6| |08.7| vimdiﬀ |08.8| : |usr 09.txt| GUI : |usr 07.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *08.1* : :split : +----------------------------------+ |/* file one.c */ | |~ | |~ | |one.c=============================| |/* file one.c */ | |~ | 86

|one.c=============================| | | +----------------------------------+ , . ==== . .( ) . , . CTRL-W w . , . , . (CTRL-W CTRL-W ,( : ??) :close . , :quit ZZ , :close Vim, Vim. , , :only . . ( : ) , ( : gvim E445: ), . *08.2* : :split two.c one.c, : 87

+----------------------------------+ |/* file two.c */ | |~ | |~ | |two.c=============================| |/* file one.c */ | |~ | |one.c=============================| | | +----------------------------------+ , : :new :split :new ( : 17 , 5 ). *08.3* :split . , ( : ). 3 alpha.c ( : 3 , ): :3split alpha.c . : , . : CTRL-W + : CTRL-W - , . 4 CTRL-W + 4 . : 88

{height}CTRL-W _ : {height}, CTRL-W ( Shift - ).( : " W CTRL {height}) , CTRL-W .( : " W CTRL , ) Vim . . . . . , . OPTIONS ´winheight´ . ´winminheight´ ( : ?? , winheight winminheight ) , :´winwidth´ ´winminwidth´, . ´equalalways´ , Vim . *08.4* :split . , : :vsplit : :vsplit two.c : +--------------------------------------+ |/* file two.c */ |/* file one.c */ | |~ |~ | |~ |~ | |~ |~ | |two.c===============one.c=============| | | +--------------------------------------+ 89

— . . . vnew , . : :vertical new :vertical ( : , :vertical echo hello ). . ( , ). , . : CTRL-W h CTRL-W j CTRL-W k CTRL-W l ( : :hljk , CTRL-W hljk (W) ) CTRL-W t CTRL-W b .( : ). – . . |Q w| . *08.5* , . . , : +----------------------------------+ |/* file two.c */ | |~ | |~ | |two.c=============================| |/* file three.c */ | |~ | |~ | |three.c===========================| |/* file one.c */ | |~ | |one.c=============================| 90

| | +----------------------------------+ . ( CTRL-W w) : CTRL-W K K. . K ( : , ). , CTRL-W K Vim . : +-------------------------------------------+ |/* two.c */ |/* three.c */ |/* one.c */ | |~ |~ |~ | |~ |~ |~ | |~ |~ |~ | |~ |~ |~ | |~ |~ |~ | |two.c=========three.c=========one.c========| | | +-------------------------------------------+ (three.c) CTRL-W K :( : CTRL-W L , ) +-------------------------------------------+ |/* three.c */ | |~ | |~ | |three.c====================================| |/* two.c */ |/* one.c */ | |~ |~ | |two.c==================one.c===============| | | +-------------------------------------------+ ( ): CTRL-W H CTRL-W J CTRL-W L ( : : , , , ). 91

*08.6* Vim, . : :qall quit all ( : ). , Vim . . :write , :quit! . , :wall . :write all ( : ). , . Vim . :qall :wall : : :wqall Vim. , Vim : :qall! ! ! -o Vim : vim -o one.txt two.txt three.txt : +-------------------------------+ |file one.txt | |~ | |one.txt========================| 92

|file two.txt | |~ | |two.txt========================| |file three.txt | |~ | |three.txt======================| | | +-------------------------------+ -O . vim, :all . :vertical all ( : ? :vertical ) *08.7* vimdiﬀ Vim , . main.c , , ´backup´ , main.c˜ . shell ( Vim ): vimdiff main.c~ main.c Vim . . VV VV +-----------------------------------------+ |+ +--123 lines: /* a|+ +--123 lines: /* a| <- fold | text | text | | text | text | | text | text | | text | changed text | <- changed line | text | text | | text | ------------------| <- deleted line | text | text | | text | text | | text | text | |+ +--432 lines: text|+ +--432 lines: text| <- fold | ~ | ~ | | ~ | ~ | |main.c~==============main.c==============| | | +-----------------------------------------+ 93

( , vimdiff ) . . ¡- fold . 123 . . ¡- changed , . . man.c — . ¡- delete line . , main.c , . . VV . . . , . . . , . , zo , zc . VIM diff Vim . main.c , ( : diff ??): :edit main.c :vertical diffsplit main.c :vertical . , . patch diff , 3 diff . patch . Vim patch : :edit main.c :vertical diffpatch main.c.diff : patch patch . , . , ( ). , . Vim ( : ) , . , : 94

:set noscrollbind , , : ]c . : [c . . . . Vim . : :diffupdate . , . main.c main.c˜ . . : dp , . dp diff put . . , changed . : do , Vim . , Vim . do diff obtain ( : ). dg ( : diff get ) , ( dgg ). |vimdiff| diff . 95

*08.8* ´laststatus´ ( : ??) : 0 1 ( ) 2 , . s . :tag tag, :stag tag. Normal CTRL-W. CTRL-ˆ , CTRL-W CTRL-ˆ . ´splitbelow´ . ´splitright´ , : :leftabove {cmd} :aboveleft {cmd} :rightbelow {cmd} :belowright {cmd} :topleft {cmd} :botright {cmd} : |usr 09.txt| GUI : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 96

+----------------------------------------------------+ | file text | ^ | | ~ | # | | ~ | # | <- scrollbar | ~ | # | | ~ | # | | ~ | # | | | V | +----------------------------------------------------+ . Vim . . . . Vim . , . : - ( ) + = =+ , . , ? Vim , . . Edit/Global Settings . : Toggle Toolbar / Toggle Bottom Scrollbar / Toggle Left Scrollbar / Toggle Right Scrollbar / . , . . . . . ( , ) 98

Edit/Global Settings/Toggle Toolbar . , vimrc : :set guioptions-=T ´guioptions´ T . GUI . . . . , . Edit/Global Settings/Toggle Bottom Scrollbar . diﬀ ´wrap´ ( ) . , . , . . ( : MS-Windows , , ). . . ´guioptions´ : :set guioptions+=l l ´guioptions´ . *09.2* . Windows , . X windows . , . , Vim. X windows . X Window : :behave xterm : :behave mswin UNIX xterm . Windows . , |:behave|. . 99

XTERM Visual Visual , Shift . : ´mouse´ Vim ´mousemodel´ ´mousetime´ ´mousehide´ ´selectmode´ Visual *09.3* |04.7| . X-windows : . MS-Windows . X-Windows . . Vim Visual ( ). .( : ) , . Vim Visual . gVim, , . . . , . , gVim , , . . 100

. Visual . . , . , . , . Edit/Copy . . , ( KDE klipper ). gVim , Edit/Paste . . . . . gVim : 1. Visual . 2. Edit/Copy . 3. Visual . 4. Edit/Paste . 5. . . , . , . "* . , Visual . , V . : "*P P . p . + ". , : "+y$ 101

, y yank, Vim . : "+P , + *. *09.4* MS-Windows X-Windows . .( : ?). Visual . Visual , . : , , . Select , ( MS-Windows , ): :set selectmode+=mouse . Visual . . , . Insert , . , Normal hjkl , w . Shift . <S- Left>( Shift ) . Visual . Shift+ . <S- End> <S-Home>. ´selectmode´ Select . : |usr 10.txt| Making big changes : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 102

*usr 10.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 18 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar 4 . . Visual . . |10.1| |10.2| |10.3| |10.4| |10.5| |10.6| |10.7| |10.8| |10.9| : |usr 11.txt| : |usr 09.txt| GUI : |usr toc.txt| *10.1* . ( : TODO). ? Vim . ( : ) 1. q{register} , {register} . a z ( : a z) 2. ( : ) . 3. q ( q , ). @{recording} . . : stdio.h 103

fcntl.h unistd.h stdlib.h : #include "stdio.h" #include "fcntl.h" #include "unistd.h" #include "stdlib.h" . : qa a ^ i#include "<Esc> #include " $ a"<Esc> " j q , 3 @ @a ( : VIM ), . : 3@a ( 4 ). , @a . @a , @@ . @a . , @b @@ @b . . , , , . . , @a , , . . . , 26 . , 26 . yank . . n . . , : 104

G o<Esc> "np n . . {edits} . 0 "ny$ n dd @n . ( , n ) . , . word c . , word . : qC/word<Enter>q qC , c , . yank, . , yank : "aY , : "AY . a . *10.2* :substitute . : 105

:[range]substitute/from/to/[flags] [range] from to . Professor Teacher : :%substitute/Professor/Teacher/ : :substitute , :s . . . . , :substitute . , Professor Smith criticized Professor Johnson today. : Teacher Smith criticized Professor Johnson today. , g . :%s/Professor/Teacher/g : Teacher Smith criticized Teacher Johnson today. p( ), :substitute . c( ) :substitute . : :%s/Professor/Teacher/c Vim Professor : replace with Teacher (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)? 106

, : y , n , a , ( ?? :-) ) q , l CTRL-E ( : , , , ). CTRL-Y ( : ). from . ( : Vim , ). , the these : :s/^the/these/ /, , / ( : / ): :s+one/two+one or two+ *10.3* :substitute : , , . . : :1,5s/this/that/g 1 5 . 1 5 . : :54s/President/Fool/ 107

. , . ( : ). :write . , . : :.write otherfile 1. ? $ . , yes no: :.,$s/yes/no/ , , grey gray . grey . Chapter , : :?^Chapter?,/^Chapter/s=grey=gray=g , . ?ˆChapter? , /ˆChapter/ . liao /, :s = . : grey . , ? : : /Chapter/-1 1. 2 : /Chapter/+2 : :.+3,$-5 3 , 6( : $-1 , ’oﬀset by one’ ). 108

: , . 3 . mt , mb . :( ) :’t,’b Visual Visual : , : :’<,’> , ’¡,’¿ , Visual . : Visual CTRL-V , . Vim . ’¡ ’¿ , Visual . Visual , Visual . ’¡ Visual . : :’>,$ Visual . , , : . , 5: , : :.,.+4 . . ( ) .+4 ( 4 ). 5 . *10.4* 109

:global Vim . . : :[range]global/{pattern}/{command} :substitute . , {command} : :global : , Normal . |:normal| Normal . C++ foobar barfoo ( // ): :g+//+s/foobar/barfoo/g :g , :global , :s :substitute . . /, . foobar barfoo . . . :substitute , . , // , // foobar , .( : : puts("foobar"); // this line contains a foobar , ) :substitute , Vim . . *10.5* Visual block CTRL-V , . Vim .( : $ , ) 110

Visual block $ , . . j , h . Istring<Esc> , . CTRL-V Visual block . . I , . , . <Esc> , . : include one include two include three include four one o , CTRL-V. 3j 3 , four . 4 . : Imain.<Esc> : include main.one include main.two include main.three include main.four , . , long long , 2 : This is a long line short Any other long line ^^^^ selected block Ivery ¡Esc . : 111

This is a very long line short Any other very long line , short . , I Normal , . A I , . A : $ . A . , $A XXX<Esc> , : This is a long line XXX short XXX Any other long line XXX $ , Vim . ( : $ , :?? This is a long line XXX short XXX Any other long line XXX ), . Visual block c , Insert , . ( : <Esc> ) , long , c LNG <Esc> , : This is a _LONG_ line short Any other _LONG_ line I : , , . C ( : ), Insert , .( : , ) , Cnew text<Esc> , : 112

This is a new text short Any other new text , long , . . , . Visual block : ~ (a -> A, A -> a) U (a -> A, A -> A) u (a -> a, A -> a) r . , rx : This is a xxxx line short Any other xxxx line : , 25 ´virtualedit´ . > shift ( : shift :set sw=N ,N , :h ´sw´), . . , > : This is a long line short Any other long line ´shiftwidth´ . 4 : :set shiftwidth=4 < shift . > , , shift , . ( : , 113

, , )( : TODO: shift ) J . , , , ( : <Tab>, <Tab> , /ˆs+/ /s+$/, TODO: ) . ( : ??). . J This is a long line short Any other long line J Visual block . v V ( : ) , gJ J *10.6* e-mail , . :read {ﬁlename} . . : Hi John, Here is the diff that fixes the bug: Bye, Pierre. , : :read patch patch , : Hi John, Here is the diff that fixes the bug: 2c2 < for (i = 0; i <= length; ++i) --- > for (i = 0; i < length; ++i) Bye, Pierre. 114

:read . . :$r patch patch . ? 0. 0 . , . read : :0read patch patch . , :write . . : :.,$write tempo tempo , tempo , , Vim . , write !:( : TODO: ! ) :.,$write! tempo : ! :write , . . .( : ) , . : :.write collection , : :.write >>collection ¿¿ Vim collection , . , . *10.7* 115

. ´textwidth´ ( : ??): :set textwidth=72 vimrc ? vimrc, . :set textwidth 72 , , Vim . . Vim : gqap gq , Vim ( : an operator). ap , a paragraph , ( : ) : , ! ap . , : gggqG gg , gq Vim , G , . , . , gqj . , . , ( : Vim , word, , /w+/) . . , . *10.8* ( : ) 116

section header( : ) . section . gU . ( : section ) gu gU : guw SECTION header ----> section header g˜ , , . , , Visual .( : Vim , operator command motion , text object?? , , a + b, ) . , d , dd . , gugu . , guu . gUgU gUU , g˜g˜ g˜ . ( : , , 3dd 3 ) : g~~ Some GIRLS have Fun ----> sOME girls HAVE fUN *10.9* Vim ( : ) . . !{motion}{program} . , {program} , {motion} , {motion} . UNIX , , . sort . input.txt output.txt. ( UNIX Microsoft Windows). sort < input.txt > output.txt Vim, . 1-5 , 1 . : !5G 117

! Vim . Vim , . 5G Vim 5 , Vim 1 ( ) 5 . , Vim ( : {motion} Vim Normal , , , Normal , Normal ). , sort . , : !5Gsort<Enter> sort 5 . 5 . line 55 line 11 line 33 line 22 line 11 --> line 33 line 22 line 44 line 44 line 55 last line last line !! . Unix date . !!date<Enter> date . . ? Vim shell . , : ´shell´ Vim shell ´shellcmdﬂag´ shell ´shellquote´ shell ´shellxquote´ shell ´shelltype´ shell ( Amiga )( : Amiga, ) ´shellslash´ ( MS-Windows ) ´shellredir´ Unix , shell: sh csh . Vim ´shell´ csh , MS-Windows , shell, . . 118

: Unix: :read !ls MS-Windows: :read !dir ls dir Vim . , ! Vim . . Vim : :0read !date -u UTC ( date -u ) !!date , !!date , :read !date . Unix wc , , . , : :write !wc write , , ! . . ( : ): 4 47 249 wc 3 . 4 , 47 , 249 . : :write! wc wc ( : ). ! 119

, . Vim , . Vim : CTRL-L : |usr 11.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 120

*usr 11.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar ? ? ! Vim . Vim . |11.1| |11.2| ? |11.3| ? |11.4| : |usr 12.txt| Clever tricks : |usr 10.txt| Making big changes : |usr toc.txt| *11.1* , ( ), Vim -r : vim -r help.txt Vim ( ) . , ( ): Using swap file ".help.txt.swp" Original file "~/vim/runtime/doc/help.txt" Recovery completed. You should check if everything is OK. (You might want to write out this file under another name and run diff with the original file to check for changes) Delete the .swp file afterwards. , : 121

:write help.txt.recovered . Vimdiff |08.71|. ( ). ( Vim ).( : ??) Vim , , . . Vim 4 , 200 . úpdatetime´ úpdatecount´ . Vim , . , : vim -r "" , Vim . *11.2* ? Vim . . , : vim -r Vim . .( : ˜foo/, readme.txt, .readme.txt.swp , Vim /tmp readme.txt ). , .( : ) : Swap files found: In current directory: 1. .main.c.swp owned by: mool dated: Tue May 29 21:00:25 2001 file name: ~mool/vim/vim6/src/main.c modified: YES user name: mool host name: masaka.moolenaar.net 122

process ID: 12525 In directory ~/tmp: -- none -- In directory /var/tmp: -- none -- In directory /tmp: -- none -- , Vim , . . , . , . Vim . : Vim -r .help.txt.swo . , Vim . ´directory´ Vim . : Vim ´dir´ ﬁlename.sw? . ( ´shell´ ), Vim ﬁlename.swp . , . *11.3* ? Vim ,. , Vim . : E325: ATTENTION Found a swap file by the name ".main.c.swp" owned by: mool dated: Tue May 29 21:09:28 2001 file name: ~mool/vim/vim6/src/main.c modified: no user name: mool host name: masaka.moolenaar.net 123

process ID: 12559 (still running) While opening file "main.c" dated: Tue May 29 19:46:12 2001 (1) Another program may be editing the same file. If this is the case, be careful not to end up with two different instances of the same file when making changes. Quit, or continue with caution. (2) An edit session for this file crashed. If this is the case, use ":recover" or "vim -r main.c" to recover the changes (see ":help recovery"). If you did this already, delete the swap file ".main.c.swp" to avoid this message. Vim . , . : 1. Vim . process ID . : process ID: 12559 (still running) (still running) . Unix . , . . . Vim , , . , . , Vim. 2. Vim . Vim . , : modified: YES Vim , . , . . Vim : NEWER than swap file! ? VIM , : 124

Swap file ".main.c.swp" already exists! [O]pen Read-Only, (E)dit anyway, (R)ecover, (Q)uit, (D)elete it: O . . , . E . ! Vim , . Vim , , . R . . Q . . Vim . Vim, Vim. , Vim .( : Vim ) , , . D . . , , . Unix . ( Vim), . : :recover Vim . . Vim. , ´shortmess´ A ( :A ATTENTION). , . *11.4* 125

*usr 12.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 10 23 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , Vim . . . |12.1| word |12.2| Last, First First Last |12.3| |12.4| |12.5| |12.6| ( : Unix ) |12.7| |12.8| word : |usr 20.txt| : |usr 11.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *12.1* word word : :%s/four/4/g . thirtyfour , , thirty4 . . < , word : :%s/<four/4/g , fourty . > word : 127

:%s/<four>/4/g , four , . , c : :%s/<four>/4/gc . , . . C++ , .cpp . GetResp GetAnswer . vim *.cpp Vim, : C++ . . qq , q . :%s/<GetResp>/GetAnswer/g . :wnext q @q q . ”:wnext. . 999@q ( : 999 , *.cpp 999+2=1001 , , ) , :wnext next . , .( : Vim , ). : , . . : .cpp GetResp , , . e : :%s/<GetResp>/GetAnswer/ge e :substitute . 128

*12.2* Last, First First Last : Doe, John Smith, Peter : John Doe Peter Smith . Vim : :%s/([^,]*), (.*)/2 1/ . . /from/to/ . from to . from : ([^,]*), (.*) ( ) , "Last" ( ) ( : ) [^,] * ", " , ( ) , "First" ( ) . * to 2 1 . Vim .( : terms:backreferences). ( ) . 2 ( ) , First , 1 ( ) , Last . 9 . 0 . ( : ?). |sub-replace-special|. *12.3* Makeﬁle , : 129

OBJS = ^M version.o pch.o getopt.o util.o getopt1.o inp.o patch.o backup.o sort : /^OBJS j :.,/^$/-1!sort , OBJS , , sort . Visual !sort . , . : OBJS = backup.o getopt.o getopt1.o inp.o patch.o pch.o util.o version.o . ! backup.o , . ( : Makeﬁle ) A <Esc> . , . *12.4* |:global| |:move| , . : :global/^/m 0 130

: :g/^/m 0 ˆ ( ). |:move| 0 , . |:global| . , . ( : , Join ) . mt . : :’t+1,.g/^/m ’t ( : , : :10,20g/ˆ/m9) *12.5* – Vim . , : g CTRL-G . g , . : Col 1 of 0; Line 141 of 157; Word 748 of 774; Byte 4489 of 4976 word (748), word (774). , g CTRL-G , g CTRL-G . word , . , . Visual , . g CTRL-G . : Selected 5 of 293 Lines; 70 of 1884 Words; 359 of 10928 Bytes , , |count-items|. 131

*12.6* ( : Unix ) Vim shell C , ( Unix ). : K Vim man . . ( more ). <Enter> Vim. . man Vim , man plugin: :source $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/man.vim vimrc . :Man man : :Man csh , . . CTRL-W w . , , 3 echo : :Man 3 echo man , man word(1) , CTRL-] . :Man . ( : (1) man CTRL-] , word(1) man , man . Vim man , man , . (2) man word.˜ . , . (3) :vertical Man ls , ). man , : K 132

( <Leader>, ). , strstr() : if (strstr(input, "aap") == ) strstr , K . Vim strstr() man .( : man.vim, K ) *12.7* , . : :%s/s+$// s+$ . , . |usr 27.txt|. :substitute to : // . , . . . ! , : / , , . /<Space><Tab> . x . , . n . . *12.8* word UNIX , Vim grep . , . . , frame counter C : vim ‘grep -l frame_counter *.c‘ 133

. grep . -l , . frame counter . , ( : grep Vim .)( : , Mastering the Regular Expression ) ( : :substitute 1 ) . UNIX shell: , , . grep , Vim . :next :ﬁrst .( : MS-DOS grep . Cygwin grep. SHELL ‘ ). word . . Vim . C error string , : :grep error_string *.c Vim (*.c) error string . error string . ( ), :cnext . , :cprev , :clist . :grep grep(Unix) ﬁndstr(Windows). ´grepprg´ . : |usr 20.txt| Typing command-line commands quickly : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 134

*usr 20.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 03 04 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . , . . |20.1| |20.2| |20.3| |20.4| |20.5| : |usr 21.txt| Go away and come back : |usr 12.txt| Clever tricks : |usr toc.txt| *20.1* / ? , Vim . . . . <BS> . . , . For example, you have typed this: : :s/col/pig/ , col cow . 5 . col . <BS> w : :s/cow/pig/ . . : 135

<Left> <Right> <S-Left> <C-Left> <S-Right> <C-Right> CTRL-B <Home> CTRL-E <End> : <S-Left>( Shift ) ¡C- Left¿( CTRL ) . Shift CTRL . . , <BS> . , CTRL-W. /the fine pig CTRL-W /the fine CTRL-U . . <Insert> . : /the fine pig 2 <S-Left>( <S-Left> , 8 ) ﬁne . <Insert> , great . /the greatpig , , . <BS> , t ( ). <Insert> , : /the great pig 136

, . CTRL-C <Esc> . : <Esc> . , Vi <Esc> ! bug, Vim <Esc> . ćpoptions´ Vim Vi . ( Vi )<Esc> Vi . CTRL-C . , <BS> . : / . *20.2* . :substitute :s . , . ? 26 , :set :s , :s :set , :set :se . , . , . , : :s[ubstitute] :substitute :s . . :su :sub . , . :function :fu . , :fun . (Vim :funny , :fun ). Vim . . :w ( :write ) :r ( :read ) . :end , :endif , :endwhile endfunction . . . . , , , áutoin- dent´ ái´. : 137

:set autoindent :set ai |option-list| . *20.3* Vi Vim . . 3 : info.txt intro.txt bodyofthepaper.txt : :edit bodyofthepaper.txt . : :edit b<Tab> , ? <Tab> . b . Vim b . , Vim . : :edit i<Tab> Vim , : :edit info.txt Vim . ( ). <Tab> , : :edit intro.txt 138

, <Tab> , , , . <Tab> : :edit i . Vim , CTRL-P . <------------------- <Tab> -------------------------+ | <Tab> --> <Tab> --> :edit i :edit info.txt :edit intro.txt <-- CTRL-P <-- CTRL-P | +---------------------- CTRL-P ------------------------> :edit i , :set i <Tab> : :set icon , :set info.txt ? Vim . . Vim :set , . <Tab> , Vim . , : :set isk<Tab> : :set iskeyword = <Tab>: :set iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255 Vim , . Vim <Tab> . . , Vim 139

, . ( ˆI ). , : CTRL-D. CTRL-D: :set is : :set is incsearch isfname isident iskeyword isprint :set is Vim . . , <BS> . , <Tab> . , incsearch is . is . ( ) Vim , . CTRL-L . :edit i , info.txt info backup.txt , :edit info . ´wildmode´ . ´wildmenu´ . ´suﬃxes´ , . ´wildignore´ .( E: Vim , , ) ( E: Vim : Vim , . ). More about all of this here: |cmdline-completion| |cmdline- completion| *20.4* 3 . . 140

4 . / ? , / ? , . input() .|cmdline-history| :set , 10 :set . : 10 <Up>. : :se<Up> Vim se . :set . 10 <Up> ( 10 :set ). <Up> . . , <Down> . CTRL-U . , : :history . , : :history / ( E: : map, autocommand, tags , , ) , CTRL-P CTRL- N . CTRL-P previous, CTRL-N Next. ( E: , CTRL-P CTRL-N , shell . emacs , , ) *20.5* ( E: : , Vim ) . . . . . : 141

: |usr 21.txt| Go away and come back : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 143

*usr 23.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . Vim . . , Vim . |23.1| DOS, Mac Unix |23.2| |23.3| |23.4| |23.5| : |usr 24.txt| Inserting quickly : |usr 22.txt| Finding the ﬁle to edit : |usr toc.txt| *23.1* DOS, Mac Unix , . ( , <CR>), ( , <LF>). , . . UNIX <Line Feed> . <CR> . MS-DOS( Windows) <CR><LF> . , . Vim . ´ﬁleformats´ Vim . Vim UNIX MS-DOS : :set fileformats=unix,dos . , , Unix Unix , . DOS , Vim : 144

"/tmp/test" [dos] 3L, 71C [mac] . ´fileformat´ . : :set fileformat? ( : fileformat , Vim ) Vim : unix <LF> dos <CR><LF> mac <CR> Unix , <LF> . <CR> . , Vi( Vim) . Macintosh , <CR> , <LF> . <CR> <LF> 100% Unix Mac . Vim Unix Mac , . , mac ´fileformats´ : :set fileformats+=mac Vim . . Vi MS-DOS , ˆM . (ˆM ). . , Vim : :edit ++ff=unix file.txt ++ Vim , ++ff. ´fileformat´. ++ff=mac ++ff=dos . , ++ff ++enc . ++fileformat ++encoding . ´fileformat´ . MS- DOS README.TXT. UNIX : 145

vim README.TXT Vim dos . UNIX : :set fileformat=unix :write Unix . *23.2* email URL : You can find the information here: VimURL{ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/README} , , Vim . . URL , : gf , Vim . CTRL-W f. . URL , , , . . . Vim netrw . URL: ftp:// uses ftp rcp:// uses rcp scp:// uses scp http:// uses wget (reading only) Vim , . Unix ftp rcp . scp wget . Vim URL, :edit :split . http:// , . 146

/ , |netrw|. *23.3* . , . Vim , . , Vim -x , : vim -x exam.txt Vim / : Enter encryption key: . , . , Vim : Enter same key again: . , . Vim , . -x . :edit . Vim Vim ( : . , , , , , , MS-DOS MZ . Tiﬀ 0x4949 ) , . Vim . Vim ( ). , ´key´ : :set key= . ´key´ , . . :X . -x : 147

:X Enter encryption key: ****** Enter same key again: ****** Vim . , . , . . -n , (Vim ). , ﬁle.txt : vim -x -n file.txt , : :setlocal noswapfile , . , . , . . viminfo , . , , , . *23.4* Vim . Vim . . , , , . Vim , Vim -b : vim -b datafile ´binary´ . . ´textwidth´ 0, . Unix . 148

Vim . , , . R . . : :set display=uhex , ga . <Esc>( : ) , : <^[> 27, Hex 1b, Octal 033 . ´wrap´ : :set nowrap : g CTRL-G ga : Col 9-16 of 9-16; Line 277 of 330; Word 1806 of 2058; Byte 10580 of 12206 ( : 1 , 1 0) . ´ﬁleformat´ . go , 2345 : 2345go xxd : . Vim xxd . Vim . : vim -b datafile 149

xxd : :%!xxd : 0000000: 1f8b 0808 39d7 173b 0203 7474 002b 4e49 ....9..;..tt.+NI 0000010: 4b2c 8660 eb9c ecac c462 eb94 345e 2e30 K,.‘.....b..4^.0 0000020: 373b 2731 0b22 0ca6 c1a2 d669 1035 39d9 7;’1.".....i.59. , Vim . , .( : UltraEdit WinHex ) : :%!xxd -r . . xxd . *23.5* : Vim . gzip . . : .Z compress .gz gzip .bz2 bzip2 Vim . . : |usr 24.txt| Inserting quickly : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 150

*usr 24.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 27 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , Vim , . word. word word. . |24.1| |24.2| |24.3| |24.4| |24.5| |24.6| |24.7| |24.8| |24.9| ( : :digraphs) |24.10| Normal : |usr 25.txt| : |usr 23.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *24.1* <BS> , . <Del> ( ) . word , CTRL-W: The horse had fallen to the sky CTRL-W The horse had fallen to the , CTRL-U . . . fallen f CTRL-U: 151

The horse had fallen to the CTRL-U fallen to the word word , , . : The horse had follen to the ground follen fallen . , : Insert <Esc> 4 word 4b "o" l "o" "a" ra Insert A : 4 word <C-Left><C-Left><C-Left><C-Left> "o" <Right> "o" <Del> "a" a <End> , Insert . . , ( , , <End> ). Insert . . Insert : <C-Home> <PageUp> <Home> <S-Left> word <C-Left> word <S-Right> word <C-Right> word <End> <PageDown> <C-End> 152

|ins-special-speciﬁed| . *24.2* ) ( . Vim : :set showmatch (example) , ) Vim ( , , ) . ( , Vim . ( , ) . [] {} () . , ,ZZ ´matchtime´ . Vim : :set matchtime=15 . *24.3* Vim ( : , Vim ). ( : , ), CTRL-P, Vim . C : total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] + ch_array[2]; : total = ch_array[0] + ch_ , CTRL-P Vim ch . Vim word, ch word, ch array. CTRL-P : total = ch_array[0] + ch_array 153

( ): total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] + CTRL-P Vim word word. , word, ch array . CTRL-P word: total . CTRL-P , , word, . 4 CTRL-P , ch array . CTRL-N word . , CTRL-N CTRL-P word , . :CTRL-N Next-match( : ), CTLR-P Previous-match( : ). Vim word. , : 1. 2. 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. Tag ( : terms:Tag) 6. #include ćomplete´ Vim word . ígnorecase´ . , word . , ínfercase´. word ( ígnorecase´ ), . For Vim fortunately , Fortunately . , : CTRL-X CTRL-F ( : , 154

) CTRL-X CTRL-L CTRL-X CTRL-D ( include ) ( : C ?) CTRL-X CTRL-I include CTRL-X CTRL-K word CTRL-X CTRL-T thesaurus word CTRL-X CTRL-] tags CTRL-X CTRL-V Vim CTRL-N , CTRL- P . : |ins-completion|. CTRL-X CTRL-F . . , word . : main.c sub_count.c sub_done.c sub_exit.c : The exit code is in the file sub , CTRL-X CTRL-F . Vim sub . sub count.c. , CTRL-N , sub done.c. CTRL-N sub exit. : The exit code is in the file sub_exit.c / (Unix) C:(MS-Windows) . /u CTRL-X CTRL-F. /usr ( Unix ): the file is found in /usr/ CTRL-N /u . /usr/ , CTRL-X CTRL-F: the file is found in /usr/X11R6/ 155

, . .( : file CTRL-X CTRL-F file a , file b , file a , file b ) *24.4* CTRL-A, insert . : "file.h" /* Main program begins */ #include : #include "file.h" /* Main program begins */ jˆ . #include . : i CTRL-A : #include "file.h" #include /* Main program begins */ insert #include CTRL-A . main.h <Enter> : #include "file.h" #include "main.h" /* Main program begins */ CTRL-@ CTRL-A , Insert . , CTRL-A . *24.5* 156

CTRL-Y . , , , C : b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; , s next s prev . , 14 CTRL-Y, next n : b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_ prev : b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_prev CTRL-Y next : b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_prev = a_array[i]->s_ prev; . CTRL-E CTRL-Y , .( : : CTRL-E, CTRL-Y Normal ). *24.6* CTRL-R {register} . word. : r = VeryLongFunction(a) + VeryLongFunction(b) + VeryLongFunction(c) . ( : ), v :( : terms:yank) "vyiw v , yiw” word . , : 157

r = CTRL-R v : r = VeryLongFunction , CTRL-R v . , word , CTRL-N CTRL-P word. <BS> , ( : , <BS> ). , CTRL-R CTRL-R {register}. *24.7* . ad advertisement . Vim . Vim ad advertisement : :iabbrev ad advertisement , ad , word advertisement . Vim word , : I saw the a I saw the a I saw the ad I saw the ad I saw the ad<Space> I saw the advertisement<Space> ad . add word, word . : word, JB Jack Benny : :iabbrev JB Jack Benny 158

, : :iabbrev #b /**************************************** :iabbrev #e <Space>****************************************/ . #b , . , #e . #e . , - . Vim . 7 <, S, p, a, c, e, > . : :iab :iabbrev , , ! , the teh . , : :abbreviate teh the , , . :abbreviations : :abbreviate i #e ****************************************/ i #b /**************************************** i JB Jack Benny i ad advertisement ! teh the i Insert . Insert . : c :cabbrev ! Insert :abbreviate , :iabbrev . ad : 159

:edit ad :unabbreviate . : :abbreviate @f fresh :unabbreviate @f . , @f fresh ( : ). , Vim ( fresh , ). : :abclear :unabbreviate :abclear Insert ( iunabbeviate :iabclear ) ( :cunabbreviate cabclear ). : . : :abbreviate @a adder :imap dd disk-door @a adisk-doorer ( : dd word , word ). . :noreabbrev : :noreabbrev @a adder , . *24.8* 160

CTRL-V . , . : CTRL-V <Esc> escape . Insert . ( CTRl- V , ).( : , escape ASCII 27 , ) : MS-Windows CTRL-V . CTRL-Q . Unix , CTRL-Q , . ( : ) CTRL-V {digits} {digits} ASCII . , ASCII 127 <Del>( <Del> !). <Del> : CTRL-V 127 0 255 . , Vim . , 0 3 . 3 <Tab> : CTRL-V 9. CTRL-V 09. CTRL-V 009. ASCII, CTRL-V x : CTRL-V x7f 256 (ASCII 255 CTRL-V xﬀ). o Vim 8 , 16bit 32 bit ( , Unicode ): CTRL-V o123 CTRL-V u1234 CTRL-V U12345678 161

*24.9* ( : terms: Digraphs) . ( : LaTeX copyright). Vim digraphs, . ? , : CTRL-K Co :digraphs digraphs . Vim digraph . : AC ? 159 NS ? 160 !I ? 161 Ct ? 162 Pd ? 163 Cu ? 164 Ye ? 165 BB ? 166 SE ? 167 ’: ? 168 Co ? 169 -a ? 170 << ? 171 NO ? 172 -- ? 173 Rg ? 174 ’m ? 175 DG ? 176 +- ? 177 2S ? 178 3S ? 179 , CTRL-K Pd (?. ASCII 163( ). Pd Pound. Digraphs . . Digraphs , Digraphs , , CTRL-K dP CTRL-K Pd . dP Vim Digraphs. : Digraphs Vim . MS- DOS MS-Windows . :digraphs Digraphs. digraphs. : :digraph a" |d CTRL-K a” ? . . : :digraph a" 228 162

Digraphs : |digraphs| . |45.5| . *24.10* Normal Insert . Normal . Normal <Esc> Insert , Normal i a Insert . Vim . CTRL-O {command} Insert Normal . , : CTRL-O D Normal . . : CTRL-O "g3dw 3 , g . : |usr 25.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 163

*usr 25.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 02 24 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar . . Vim . |25.1| |25.2| |25.3| |25.4| |25.5| : |usr 26.txt| Repeating : |usr 24.txt| Inserting quickly : |usr toc.txt| *25.1* Vim . , . . , . , 70 , . ´textwidth´ , Vim . 30 . : :set textwidth=30 ( ): 1 2 3 12345678901234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a whi l , 30 . Vim : 164

1 2 3 12345678901234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a whil , : 1 2 3 12345678901234567890123456789012345 I taught programming for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. ; Vim . : ´wrap´ Vim , , , . Vim . , , . Vim ; programming , : 1 2 3 12345678901234567890123456789012345 I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. . gq . Visual , : v4jgq v Visual , 4j gq , : 165

1 2 3 12345678901234567890123456789012345 I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. gq , 3 : Visual , . gq4j . , . } . . gq} . gq . : gqap ap a-paragraph ( : ). ( ). . , : gggqG gg , gqG ( ). : , . . , . Vim . |fo-table| . ´joinspaces´ full stop( : ??) . . Vim . ´formatprg´ . *25.2* , : :{range}center [width] {range} . [width] . [width], ´textwidth´. ( ´textwidth´ 0, 80). : 166

:1,5center 40 : I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. , :right : :1,5right 30 : I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. : :{range}left [margin] :center :right , :left , . , ( 0 ). 5, 5 . , : :1left 5 :2,5left I taught for a while. One time, I was stopped by the Fort Worth police, because my homework was too hard. True story. 167

Vim . , . , : :runtime macros/justify.vim visual j . , Visual , j . . , gf : $VIMRUNTIME/macros/justify.vim. . : :%!fmt *25.3* . 8 . : the first line the second line , , , , . ´autoindent´ : :set autoindent . , . , > . >> , . ´shiftwidth´ . 8. >> 4 , : :set shiftwidth=4 168

>> , : the first line the second line 4>> ( : )4 . TABSTOP ( : terms:Tabstop) 4 , ´shiftwidth´ 4 . 8 . ´softtabstop´ : :set softtabstop=4 4 . 4 , 8 ( 7 ). ( , ´expandtab´ ) : ´tabstop´ 4. , ´tabstop´ 8 . . ´tabstop´ 8. . 3. Vim , 8. ´tabstop´ 3. Vim . Vim . , ´tabstop´ , :tab : :set tabstop=3 :retab 8 :retab ´tabstop´ 8, . . , . : :retab , . t . *25.4* 169

g0 g^ gm g$ |<-- window -->| some long text, part of which is visible g0 g^ gm g$ word , . ´nowrap´ . ´wrap´ , , . ´wrap´, ´linebreak´ . Vim . . ´linebreak´ : +---------------------------------+ |letter generation program for a b| |ank. They wanted to send out a s| |pecial, personalized letter to th| |eir richest 1000 customers. Unfo| |rtunately for the programmer, he | +---------------------------------+ : :set linebreak : +---------------------------------+ |letter generation program for a | |bank. They wanted to send out a | |special, personalized letter to | |their richest 1000 customers. | |Unfortunately for the programmer,| +---------------------------------+ : ´breakat´ . ´showbreak´ . ´textwidth´ 0 . 171

j k . 1 .( : , , ) , gj gk . , j k , , . : :map <Up> gk :map <Down> gj MS-Word , . , : :g/./,/^$/join . : :g/./ , . ,/^$/ , ( ) . join ":join" . 30 , 8 : +----------------------------------+ |A letter generation program | |for a bank. They wanted to | |send out a special, | |personalized letter. | | | |To their richest 1000 | |customers. Unfortunately for | |the programmer, | +----------------------------------+ : +----------------------------------+ 172

|A letter generation program for a | |bank. They wanted to send out a s| |pecial, personalized letter. | |To their richest 1000 customers. | |Unfortunately for the programmer, | +----------------------------------+ ; . . : :g/S/,/^s*$/join . *25.5* : nice table test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.534 input B 0.913 3 . , A , , . : set virtualedit=all . . . : /test 3 j , 0.693 : nice table test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.534 0.693 input B 0.913 173

Vim . Bj . B . j . : , . , Vim . , test 1 , 3 . 7 : 1. , , /test 3 . 2. CTRL-V blockwise Visual . 3. : 2j . , test 3 input B 4. . 5. , , . 9l . 6. y . 7. test 1 , . 8. P . : nice table test 3 test 1 test 2 test 3 input A 0.693 0.534 0.693 input B 0.913 test 1 , test 3 . : :set virtualedit= VIRTUAL REPLACE MODE ( : ??) 174

´virtualedit´ . , ? : Virtual replace . , , . rx : inp 0.693 0.534 0.693 | rx | V inpx0.693 0.534 0.693 , gr : inp 0.693 0.534 0.693 | grx | V inpx 0.693 0.534 0.693 gr . . x . . R replace ( |04.9|) , : inp 0 0.534 0.693 | R0.786 | V inp 0.78634 0.693 gR virtual replace . : inp 0 0.534 0.693 | gR0.786 | V inp 0.786 0.534 0.693 175

: |usr 26.txt| , : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 176

gv . . :s/2000/2001/g . , . *26.2* , . 1. , CTRL-A ! ( : : :3,5s/19[0-9][0-9]|20[0-9][0-9]/=((submatch(0)+1)/g) , : /19[0-9][0-9]|20[0-9][0-9] CTRL-A. 1: The financial results for 2002 are better than for 2000. The income increased by 50%, even though 2001 had more rain than 2000. 2000 2001 income 45,403 66,234 n , . CTRL-A( . ). n . . : ´hlsearch´ , . 1 CTRL-A . : 1. item four 2. item ﬁve 3. item six 1 . : 3 CTRL-A 178

1 4 . . . : 006 foo bar 007 foo bar CTRL-A : 007 foo bar 010 foo bar 7 1 10? Vim 007 , 0 . C . 8 , : :set nrformats-=octal CTRL-X . *26.3* C c cnt x counter . . : :args *.c C . : :argdo %s/<x_cnt>/x_counter/ge | update :argdo . . , pc cnt x cnt2 . g x cnt . e x cnt . :argdo . — . update . x cnt x counter . 179

:argdo , :windo . :bufdo . , . :buffers ( :ls ) . *26.4* shell Vim -person- Jones . ? . shell ? , Vim Normal . . Normal . Ex . . ( Ex command / )( : commented command files; ??) Ex : %s/-person-/Jones/g write tempfile quit change.vim . Vim: for file in *.txt; do vim -e -s $file < change.vim lpr -r tempfile done shell for-done , $file . Ex (-e ) Vim $file, change.vim . -s Vim . , : . lpr -r tempfile tempfile (-r ). Vim . , Vim . - , : ls | vim - ls , . , -S : 180

producer | vim -S change.vim - Normal Normal , : vim -s script file.txt ... : -s -e . script Normal . -e silent( ), . scrip . Vim . Normal . . . . : vim -w script file.txt ... script . . -w . . -W , . : |usr 27.txt| Search commands and patterns : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 181

*usr 27.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar ( : terms:patterns) 3 . Vim . . |pattern| |27.1| |27.2| |27.3| |27.4| |27.5| |27.6| |27.7| |27.8| |27.9| : |usr 28.txt| ( : terms:folding) : |usr 26.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *27.1* Vim . include , INCLUDE Include word, Vim . ´ignorecase´ : :set ignorecase include , Include , INCLUDE InClUDe . ( ´hlsearch´ ). : :set noignorecase 182

, INCLUDE . include . ´smartcase´ : :set ignorecase smartcase , . , . . With these two options set you find the following matches: pattern matches word word, Word, WORD, WoRd, etc. Word Word WORD WORD WoRd WoRd , c . C . ígnorecase´ ´smartcase´ , c C Vim . Cword word CWord Word cword word, Word, WORD, WoRd, etc. cWord word, Word, WORD, WoRd, etc. c C , , , ( : ), ígnorecase´ ´smartcase´ , . : ´magic´ . ´magic´ , , . , . : , . Unix CTRL-C, MS-DOS MS- Windows CTRL-Break. 183

*27.2* , , . , . n , . , Vim : search hit BOTTOM, continuing at TOP ? , , : search hit TOP, continuing at BOTTOM . , ´ruler´ : :set ruler Vim ( ). : 101,29 84% . , . , : :set nowrapscan : E385: search hit BOTTOM without match for: forever : gg , . ? , : 184

E384: search hit TOP without match for: forever *27.3* , . Vim . / , / , . /default/2 default , 2 . , Vim 1 default . 2 an oﬀset .( : , , ). , N . . , , . e . , : /const/e const t . , , : /const/e+1 , . : /const/e-1 const s . b , . , . . . : 185

/const/b+2 , , n . , : /that //e : /that/e , / n . , : // ? . ? : ?const?e-2 b e , ? . . , . : /const/-2 const 2 . n , Vim const . , . ! 186

: const . const 2 . ! , Vim . . *27.4* * . : /a* a , aa , aaa , . ””( ), 0 . * . ab* a , ab , abb , abbb , . , . ( ) . : /(ab)* : ab , abab , ababab , . ””. , * . 1 . /ab+ ab , abb , abbb , , b a . , = . : /folders= folder folder . , {n,n} . n m . n m ( n m ). : /ab{3,5} 187

abbb , abbbb abbbbb . n 0, m . ,m n . {,4} 0, 1, 2, 3 4 {3,} 3, 4, 5 , . {0,1} 0 1, = {0,} 0 , * {1,} 1 , + {3} 3 , . , {-n,m} . {n,m} , . , : /ab{-1,3} abbb ab . , b, . . n m . , {-} . 0 , . 0 . . : /a.{-}b axbxb axb . : /a.*b . axbxb . *27.5* | . : /foo|bar 188

foo bar . : /one|two|three one , two three . , ( ) : /(foo|bar)+ foo , foobar , foofoo , barfoobar , . : /end(if|while|for) endif , endwhile endfor . & . . . : /forever&... forever for . fortuin for .( : fortuin forever, &, —/&—) *27.6* a b c /a—b—c . a z 26 ... : /[a-z] [] . . , : /[0123456789abcdef] . ASCII 1 . 0-3 0123 . w-z wxyz . : 189

/[0-9a-f] - . [] ( ): e <Esc> t <Tab> r <CR> b <BS> [] , |/[]| . , [] ˆ [] . : /"[^"]*" " [^"] * " foo 3!x , . Vim . Vim . : /a . /[a-aA-Z] . : d [0-9] D [^0-9] x [0-9a-fA-F] X [^0-9a-fA-F] s [ ] (<Tab> <Space>) S [^ ] ( <Tab> <Space> ) 190

l [a-z] L [â-z] u [A-Z] U [Â-Z] : [] .( : Vim , ) [] . [dl] . (d—l) OK . |/s| . *27.7* . , : . : /f+ f . . . MS-Windows , , Unix . ísfname´ . Unix : :set isfname isfname=@,48-57,/,.,-,_,+,,,#,$,%,~,= . f , . : , Unix . ísfname´ ( : , ). Vim . ísfname´ .( : Unix ’0’ ’/’ , , ) 191

: i ’isident’ I i, k ’iskeyword’ K k, p ’isprint’ P p, f ’isfname’ F f, ( : : , ) *27.8* Vim . , .( : , MS-DOS MS-Windows (ASCII 13) (ASCII 10) , Unix (ASCII 10) , Mactonish (ASCII 10) (ASCII 13) ). , n : /thenword the word . the word , . s : /the_sword ( : : ) : /the_s+word the word . s , s . , a , a . . . . . 192

: .* . , . [] , : /"_[^"]*" ( : [...n]) , . *27.9* . . 1MGU103 . ,3 3 . : /duuuddd : /du{3}d{3} [] : /[0-9][A-Z]{3}[0-9]{3} ? , . , , .( : , , , ;-) ) C ( ) , . . : 193

/<hw*> < > . h [A-Za-z ] , w [0-9A-Za-z] . ( : ASCII 9 A, Z a , [0-z] ) : < > ´iskeyword´ . - , ident- ( : , ´iskeyword´ ? ident-a , < hw* ident , w - ident- , - keyword, > , ). : w@ <!hw*w@! w , . /@ <! /@!. ( : ??) : |usr 28.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 194

*usr 28.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 10 21 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , . , . . |28.1| ? |28.2| |28.3| |28.4| |28.5| |28.6| |28.7| |28.8| |28.9| |28.10| ? : |usr 29.txt| Moving through programs : |usr 27.txt| Search commands and patterns Table of contents: |usr toc.txt| *28.1* ? . : +------------------------+ | line 1 | | line 2 | | line 3 | |_______________________ | ________________________ / folded lines / /________________________/ | line 12 | | line 13 | | line 14 | +------------------------+ 195

, . . . , . *28.2* : zfap . . |zf| , |ap| . |zf| . |zf| Visual .( F: zf ) , : zo : zc z . . z : zf zo zc : . , . . , , . , , zo . , : zr 196

R-educe( F: ) . : zm . zr zm . , : zR . : zM |zn| . |zN| . |zi| . : • • • |zi| • |zi| |fold-manual|. *28.3* , j k . . , . . : ´foldmethod´, . dd , p . , Visual : • • V Visual 197

• • d • p , |zo| . : :set foldcolumn=4 . + . - , — . + , - — . |zO|. |zC|. |zd|. |zD|. Insert , , ! . 0 ( ´foldopen´ hor , ). ´foldopen´ . , : :set foldopen=all : . , : :set foldopen& : :set foldclose=all ´foldlevel´. ( D: ??) |zm| |zr| . . , . , . *28.4* 198

( ), . ( B: ) : :mkview . ´viewoptions´ . , : :loadview 10 . 3 , 2 : :mkview 3 :loadview 2 . ´viewdir´ , . . *28.5* |zf| . , Vim . . . . ´foldmethod´ : :set foldmethod=indent |zm| |zr| . : This line is not indented This line is indented once This line is indented twice This line is indented once This line is not indented This line is indented once This line is indented once 199

( D: 234 ??) ´shiftwidth´ . ´shiftwidth´ . ( D: terms:fold level). |zr| |zm| ´foldlevel´ . : :set foldlevel=3 3 3 ´shiftwidth´ . . . ´foldlevel´ 0 , . |zM| ´foldlevel´ 0. |zR| ´foldlevel´ . : (A) . , , . (B) |zo| |zc| . , . : |zm| , |zo| . , |zR| . |zm| . ´foldmethod´ indent , . |fold-indent|. *28.6* . . : :set foldmethod=marker , C : /* foobar () {{{ */ 200

int foobar() { /* return a value {{{ */ return 42; /* }}} */ } /* }}} */ . . . , : /* global variables {{{1 */ int varA, varB; /* functions {{{1 */ /* funcA() {{{2 */ void funcA() {} /* funcB() {{{2 */ void funcB() {} /* }}}1 */ . . . . : |fold-marker|. *28.7* Vim . . Vim . , help . fold . . , . , , Vim ! . . . . 201

: |fold-syntax|. *28.8* , , . . e-mail , > . : :set foldmethod=expr :set foldexpr=strlen(substitute(substitute(getline(v:lnum),’s’,’’,"g"),’[^>] : > quoted text he wrote > quoted text he wrote > > double quoted text I wrote > > double quoted text I wrote ´foldexpr´ : getline(v:lnum) substitute(...,’s’,’’,’g’) substitute(...,’[^>].*’,’’,’’)) "$>$" strlen(...) , ’>’ :set , . . , :set foldexpr . , : :set foldexpr=<Tab> <Tab> . Vim foldexpr , . 202

: |usr 29.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 204

*usr 30.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 10 23 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . , . , . |30.1| |30.2| C |30.3| |30.4| ( : ??) |30.5| |30.6| : |usr 31.txt| GUI : |usr 29.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *30.1* Vim quichﬁx . Vim , , , , , . make ( , ) : :make {arguments} , Vim . :make . ( , :make , ) :make : :!make | &tee /tmp/vim215953.err gcc -g -Wall -o prog main.c sub.c main.c: In function ’main’: 205

main.c:6: too many arguments to function ’do_sub’ main.c: At top level: main.c:10: parse error before ’}’ make: *** [prog] Error 1 2 returned "main.c" 11L, 111C (3 of 6): too many arguments to function ’do_sub’ Hit ENTER or type command to continue main.c . , Vim main.c 6 , . , Vim . +---------------------------------------------------+ |int main() | |{ | | int i=3; | cursor -> | do_sub("foo"); | | ++i; | | return (0); | |} | |} | | ~ | |(3 of 12): too many arguments to function ’do_sub’ | +---------------------------------------------------+ : :cnext Vim 10 , } . , Vim . , : :cc :clist , : :clist 3 main.c: 6:too many arguments to function ’do_sub’ 5 main.c: 10:parse error before ’}’ 206

, Vim , . . . :clist ! : :clist! 1 gcc -g -Wall -o prog main.c sub.c 2 main.c: In function ’main’: 3 main.c:6: too many arguments to function ’do_sub’ 4 main.c: At top level: 5 main.c:10: parse error before ’}’ 6 make: *** [prog] Error 1 Vim . , : :cprevious : :cfirst to first error :clast to last error :cc 3 to error nr 3 ´makeprg´ :make . make , Visual C++ nmake ( : nmake Visual C++ make MS ): :set makeprg=nmake , : :set makeprg=nmake -f project.mak ( : :Vim ) Vim . % . : :set makeprg=make % main.c , :make : 207

make main.c , , :r : :set makeprg=make %:r.o : make file.o , : |filename-modifiers|. ( : : , , , ) :make , ( : ), , . , , , :make , .( : , , warning, error, fatal error. warning error , fatal error , error), , Vim . :make , :make , : :colder :clist cc {nr} , warning . , : :cnewer Vim 10 . , Vim . érrorformat´ . . |errorformat| . . ´makeprg´ érrorformat´ . Vim , , Microsoft Visual C++ : 208

:compiler msvc msvc Vim . . |write-compile-plugin|. :make . Vim , ´shell´. :make , ´makeef´ ´shellredir´ , ´shellquote´ ´shellxquote´ .( : more explanation) :make , , , : :cfile {filename} :make . *30.2* C . Vim . C ´cindent´ , Vim C , C . ´shiftwidth´ . 4 . :set : :set cindent shiftwidth=4 , if (x) , . if (flag) ---> do_the_work(); <-- if (other_flag) { ---> do_file(); do_some_more(); <-- } 209

, Vim , } , Vim . . } , , }. ) ; . , . , . . = , : == . , . Visual = . , a{ – {} . : =a{ , : gg=G , , Vim , . , Vim 90% . , , ´cinoptions´ . ´cinoptions´ , Vim . . , : if (flag) { i = 8; j = 0; } : 210

:set cinoptions+={2 , |cinoptions- value|. *30.3* , C ćindent´ , : :filetype indent on , C ćindent´ . , . . Vim , . Vim . . , : :filetype indent off , : :let b:did_indent = 1 : {directory}/indent/{filetype}.vim {filetype} , cpp java . Vim : :set filetype , : 211

filetype=help {filetype} help . {directory} . : set runtimepath . : runtimepath=~/.vim,/usr/local/share/vim/vim60/runtime,~/.vim/after {directory} ˜/.vim . : ~/.vim/indent/help.vim , . |indenting-expression| . *30.4* áutoindent´ . . ´smartindent´ . . ´smartindent´ ćindent´ , áutoindent´ ( : ??). ´smartindent´ , , } . , ćinwords´ . # : . 1 ( : C/C++ ). áutoindent´ ´smartindent´ , . Insert CTRL-D( : ) CTRL-T( : ). , shell : if test -n a; then echo a echo "-------" fi 212

: :set autoindent shiftwidth=3 , : if test -n a; then echo . CTRL-T. : if test -n a; then echo Insert CTRL-T ´shiftwidth´ . .( : <Tab> , !) , , , ...: if test -n a; then echo a echo "-------" fi CTRL-D 4 . ´shiftwidth´ , , ( : ) Normal , >> << / ( : :Vim ). > < , 3 ( : :Vim x ). : >i{ {} ( : ´shiftwidth´ ). ¿a{ { } . printf : ">i{" ">a{" if (flag) if (flag) if (flag) 213

{ { { printf("yes"); printf("yes"); printf("yes"); flag = 0; flag = 0; flag = 0; } } } ( : ¿a{ , ¿i{ ) *30.5* ( : terms:Tab ) ´tabstop´ 8. , . 8 , . , 8. ´tabstop´ 8 .( 8 , |25.3| ). , 8 , . 1 . 4, . 8 4 , . : 1. . 8 , . 8 , . 2. . . Vim . , , Vim . ´softtabstop´ . Vim ´softtabstop´ , . , , 4 : :set softtabstop=4 , 4 . Vim 4 ( 8 ). Vim , . . ´softtabstop´ . , . . . , ——-¿ . 214

<Tab> .... <Tab><Tab> -------> <Tab><Tab><Tab> ------->.... <Tab><Tab><Tab><BS> -------> <Tab><Tab><Tab><BS><BS> .... ´smarttab´ . , Vim ´shiftwidth´ ( : ´shiftwidth´, tabstop), <Tab> . ´softtabstop´ . , ´expandtab´ : :set expandtab ( : : boolean , ), . , . , <Tab> 8 . , CTRL-D . ( ) ´expandtab´ . , , , :retab : :set expandtab :%retab Vim . . , !( : ! , , ): :%retab! , . : /"[^"t]*t[^"]*" 215

<Tab> , t . : :set noexpandtab :%retab! *30.6* Vim . Vim . : /* * This is a test * of the text formatting. */ , : gq]/ gq . ]/ . : /* * This is a test of the text formatting. */ Vim . Visual gq . , , o . : /* * This is a test of the text formatting. * */ Vim . . ´textwidth´ , Vim , : 216

/* * This is a test of the text formatting. * Typing a lot of text here will make Vim * break */ ´formatoptions´ : r Insert o Normal "o" "O" c ’textwidth’ |fo-table| . ćomments´ . Vim , , . , C++ //, Makefiles #, Vim ”. , Vim C++ : :set comments=:// , Vim . ćomments´ : {flags}:{text} {flags} , . , , . , e-mail , > ! , : :set comments=n:>,n:! , > ! . n . . > , : > ! Did you see that site? > ! It looks really great. > I don’t like it. The > colors are terrible. What is the URL of that site? 217

´textwidth´ , Visual gq , :( : gq indent, comments, textwidth ) > ! Did you see that site? It looks really great. > I don’t like it. The colors are terrible. What is the URL of that site? , Vim . 2 I 1 , 1 ¿! 2 > , Vim . . C /* , * , */ . ´comments´ : :set comments=s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/ s1:/* . s start. ( : terms: ) /* . 1 . Vim . mb:* , m middle, b * . Vim *pointer . : ex:*/ , e indentiﬁcation( : ) x , Vim , / , . |format-comments|. : |usr 31.txt| GUI : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 218

*usr 31.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 11 02 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar GUI Vim , GUI . . . , . |31.1| |31.2| |31.3| |31.4| Vim |31.5| : |usr 40.txt| Make new commands : |usr 30.txt| Editing programs : |usr toc.txt| *31.1* File/Open... , . ? . Window/Split File/Open... , . Vim , . , browse : :browse split :split . , , . . . : :browse split /etc , /etc . 219

:browse .( : vertical, hide) , Vim . . :browse split /usr/local/share , /usr/local/share . ´browsedir´ Vim . : last ( ) buffer current /usr , /usr/local/share/readme , : :set browsedir=buffer :browse edit /usr/local/share . : :set browsedir=current :browse edit /usr . : , . , . Vim , . GUI , . , :browse . |ﬁle-explorer|. *31.2* Vim . . Vim , !, . ! , Vim . OK Cancel Vim . , . : 220

:confirm edit foo.txt Vim : +-----------------------------------+ | | | ? Save changes to "bar.txt"? | | | | YES NO CANCEL | +-----------------------------------+ . , YES . NO . CANCEL . , . :browse , :confirm . ( : , :confirm , Vim , :confirm echo ’asdf’ :confirm q ) : :confirm browse edit . . : . <Tab> . . . GUI , :confirm . . , .¿ :confirm edit main.c Save changes to "Untitled"? [Y]es, (N)o, (C)ancel: . , . . *31.3* 221

Vim . , . . . , : <Alt> . ¡A-w¿(<Alt> w) Window Window , split p . , <Alt> p. <Alt> , . , . <Esc> ( : , ). <Enter> , . <Alt> , . . ´winaltkeys´ Vim <Alt> . menu , : . . no <Alt> . , . yes <Alt> . .( : , ?) *31.4* Vim Vim : :winpos GUI . : Window position: X 272, Y 103 . Vim . 100 : :winpos 172 103 : , . . Vim . . : 222

:set lines columns ´lines´ / ćolumns´ : :set lines=50 :set columns=80 Vim GUI . . X-Windows gvim : gvim -geometry {width}x{height}+{x_offset}+{y_offset} {width} {height} , {x offset} {y offset} . : gvim -geometry 80x25+100+300 *31.5* gvim email. e-mail gvim . : mail , gvim ! gvim shell . gvim , . gvim , shell . -f : gvim -f file.txt -f foreground( ). Vim shell . Vim GUI Unix Vim. GUI , :gui . Vim GUI . . -f GUI . :gui -f . 223

GVIM gvim , gvimrc . Vim vimrc. gvimrc GUI . , ´lines´ : :set lines=55 , ( xterm ). gvimrc vimrc . Unix ˜/.gvimrc , MS-Windows $VIM/ gvimrc . gvimrc , -U : gvim -U thisrc ... gvim . . gvimrc , : gvim -U NONE ... ( : vimrc ) : |usr 40.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 224

*usr 40.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . . . .( : : , , , )( : terms: Autocommands )( : terms: Key mapping )( : )( : c C, d D ) |40.1| |40.2| |40.3| : |usr 41.txt| Vim : |usr 31.txt| GUI : |usr toc.txt| *40.1* |05.3| . . . . <F1> Vim , . : :map <F2> GoDate: <Esc>:read !date<CR>kJ 3 . G , o . Date: , <Esc> Insert .( : Vim ) ¡¿ . ( : terms: angle bracket notation)( : terms:this is called ...). , , ( : Vim , 225

). , copy & paste ( : ?) ( : , , 3 . Insert CTRL-K?) : Vim . ”:read !date date . <CR> :read” . : Date: Fri Jun 15 12:54:34 CEST 2001 kJ .( : ) , |map-which-keys|. :map Normal . . :imap Insert . Insert .( : MS-Windows , ?) :imap <F2> <CR>Date: <Esc>:read !date<CR>kJ Normal <F2> , . Normal <F2> . . , Insert , Normal . Insert , a . : :map Normal, Visual and Operator-pending :vmap Visual :nmap Normal :omap Operator-pending :map! Insert and Command-line :imap Insert :cmap Command-line ( : terms: Operator-pending) Operator-pending : , d y , Vim ( : terms: motion command). Vim , Vim Operator-pending . dw , w Operator-pending . 226

<F7>: d<F7> C ( {} ). y<F7> yank( : terms: yank) ( : terms:unnamed register). , <F7> : :omap <F7> a{ <F7> Operator-pending a{ , . { ( : ) . :map ( ) , , ( : terms:variants ) . ( : , Vim , ): _g :call MyGrep(1)<CR> v <F2> :s/^/> /<CR>:noh<CR>‘‘ n <F2> :.,$s/^/> /<CR>:noh<CR>‘‘ <xHome> <Home> <xEnd> <End> . n Normal , i Insert , . :map , Normal Visual .( : Visual v , V CTR-V Visual )( : terms: v , V , CTRL-V Visual , Visual Visual , , , ; , , , 4 , 4 , , ) : ¡¿ Vim ( Vim ). <Esc> , ASCII 27 ESC , , 5 . ( : terms:remapping, re , , nest-mapping ) Vim , . <F2> : :map <F2> G<F3> :imap <F2> <Esc><F3> :map <F3> oDate: <Esc>:read !date<CR>kJ 227

Normal <F2> , <F3>. Insert <F2> Insert <F3>. <F3> . Ex ( : terms:Ex mode), Q ( Vim ): :map Q gq , Ex . gQ Q, Ex : :map gQ Q ? gQ Q . , Q gq , gQ gq , Ex . , :noremap : :noremap gQ Q Vim Q , : :noremap Normal, Visual and Operator-pending :vnoremap Visual :nnoremap Normal :onoremap Operator-pending :noremap! Insert and Command-line :inoremap Insert :cnoremap Command-line ( : terms: TERMS /ˆ([A-Z]+s?)+$) ( : terms: recursive mapping) , . . , , . vim *.txt Vim . . : :map ,, :s/5.1/5.2/<CR>:wnext<CR>,, ,, . 5.1 5.2 . :wnext . 228

,, . . , . 5.1 . 5.1 . , :wnext , . , . CTRL-C ( MS-Windows CTRL-Break). :unmap . , , :( : : mapping , ) :unmap Normal, Visual and Operator-pending :vunmap Visual :nunmap Normal :ounmap Operator-pending :unmap! Insert and Command-line :iunmap Insert :cunmap Command-line Normal Operator-pending , Visual . ( : Operator-pending Normal ), Visual . :map <C-A> /---><CR> :vunmap <C-A> ¡C-A¿ CTRL-A. |:mapclear| ( : ). , . , . :map . | . | . | , <Bar> . : :map <F8> :write <Bar> !checkin %<CR> :unamp , :unmap : . : 229

:unmap a | unmap b :unmap a| unmap b a , . , <Space> : :map <Space> W word( : WORD) . , ” . ( : terms: abbreviations) Insert . . . Vim word . . , . , . , , , ´showcmd´ , Vim . : :imap aa foo :imap aaa bar aa , Vim . , 3 . a , , bar . , , foo , ( : , 3 a, Vim ; , , Vim , , :abbr aa tee , a Vim , a, a, Vim , Vim , , , , Vim , Vim , |mapping-typing|) ... <script> . |:map-<script>| <buﬀer> , |:map-<buﬀer>| 230

<unique> . . |:map-<unique>|. , <Nop> . <F7> : :map <F7> <Nop>| map! <F7> <Nop> <Nop> . *40.2* ( : terms:command-line commands ) Vim . Vim . , :command ( : :command ), : :command DeleteFirst 1delete :DeleteFirst Vim :1delete – . : . :X , :Next :Print , ! , ( : ). : :command Vim . , ( : terms: ) . , -nargs . , :DeleteFirst , : :command -nargs=0 DeleteFirst 1delete 231

, command , -nargs=0 . -nargs : -nargs=0 -nargs=1 1 -nargs=* -nargs=? 0 1 -nargs=+ 1 , ( : terms: keyword)<args> : :command -nargs=+ Say :echo "<args>" : :Say Hello World Vim Hello World . , : :Say he said "hello" , ¡a-args¿ : :command -nargs=+ Say :echo <q-args> :Say : :echo "he said "hello"" ¡f-args¿ <args> , , : :command -nargs=* DoIt :call AFunction(<f-args>) :DoIt a b c : :call AFunction("a", "b", "c") 232

. Vim , -range . : -range , -range=% , -range={count} , , {count} -range , ¡line1¿ ¡line2¿ . , SaveIt , save ﬁle : :command -range=% SaveIt :<line1>,<line2>write! save_file , : -count={number} , {number}. <count> -bang <bang> ! -register , <reg> <register> -complete={type} , |:command- completion| -bar , | , ” -buﬀer . <lt>. <. < . command !: :command -nargs=+ Say :echo "<args>" :command! -nargs=+ Say :echo <q-args> 233

:delcommand . , . : :delcommand SaveIt : :comclear ! ! |user-commands|. *40.3* , . , Vim , |gzip| plugin , . , . . : :function DateInsert() : $delete : read !date :endfunction , : :autocmd FileWritePre * call DateInsert() FileWritePre : . * , , . , :write , Vim FileWritePre , :write . :autocmd : :autocmd [group] {events} {file_pattern} [nested] {command} 234

[group] . ( ). {events} ( ). {file pattern} . *.txt .txt . [nested] ( :??) , {command} . BufReadPost. Vim . . *.gsm GNU . , : :autocmd BufReadPost *.gsm set filetype=asm Vim , ´filetype´ . FileType . . : :autocmd Filetype text source ~/.vim/abbrevs.vim , Vim . :autocmd BufNewFile *.[ch] 0read ~/skeletons/skel.c |autocmd-events| . ( : terms:patterns , patterns ) {file pattern} . *.c,*.h .c .h . . : * ? [abc] a b c . . a{b,c} ab ac (/)Vim . . *.txt /home/biep/readme.txt . /home/biep/* , home/foo/*.txt . , Vim ( /home/biep/readme.txt ) ( ”biep/readme.txt). 235

: , MS-Windows , ( : /). , . . , , {command} , autocmd ! , : :autocmd! FileWritePre * * FileWritePre . ( : : ) : :autocmd , , , :autocmd , + , . BufNewFile : :autocmd BufNewFile *.c : :autocmd * *.c * . cprograms , : :autocmd cprograms {group} . . . , :augroup , , C : 236

:augroup cprograms : autocmd BufReadPost *.c,*.h :set sw=4 sts=4 : autocmd BufReadPost *.cpp :set sw=3 sts=3 :augroup END : :autocmd cprograms BufReadPost *.c,*.h :set sw=4 sts=4 :autocmd cprograms BufReadPost *.cpp :set sw=3 sts=3 cporgrams : :autocmd! cprograms ( : map remap , , chained autocmd pass by autocmd) , . FileChangedShell , , autocmd nested : :autocmd FileChangedShell * nested edit , . . : :autocmd BufReadPost *.new execute "doautocmd BufReadPost ".expand("<afile>:r") . .new . :execute . tryout.c.new : :doautocmd BufReadPost tryout.c expand() <afile> ( autocommand[ : a ] [ : file ]) , :r ( : , , , . )( : terms: root of the filename) :doautocmd . :doautoall , . 237

Normal . Normal , :normal . : :autocmd BufReadPost *.log normal G .log . :normal . , , . i Insert , <Esc> Insert . / , <CR>( : ) . :normal Normal . — . , :normal :execute , ( : terms:unprintable) . : :autocmd BufReadPost *.chg execute "normal ONew entry:<Esc>" | 1read !date . Vim ( ). , , . |restore-position| . , . ´eventignore´ Vim ( : :VIM , += -= ). , Vim . :set eventignore=WinEnter,WinLeave , ( : , all , NONE ??): :set eventignore=all , ´eventignore´ :set eventignore= 238

: |usr 41.txt| VIM : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 239

*usr 41.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 10 26 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim Vim Vim , , . |41.1| |41.2| |41.3| |41.4| |41.5| |41.6| |41.7| |41.8| Various remarks |41.9| plugin |41.10| plugin |41.11| plugin : |usr 42.txt| : |usr 40.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *41.1* *vimrc-intro* *vim-script-intro* Vim Vim , Vim , . ( ; Ex ). Vim , , Vim Vim Vim : :let i = 1 240

:while i < 5 : echo "count is" i : let i = i + 1 :endwhile : ":" Vim Vim . :let , : :let {variable} = {expression} i , –1. :while . : :while {condition} : {statements} :endwhile :while :endwhile . i ¡ 5 . i 5 . :echo . count is i . i 1 , : count is 1 :let i = . i i+1 . i 1 i . : count is 1 count is 2 count is 3 count is 4 : , CTRL-C ( MS-Windows CTRL-Break) . 241

, . 0x 0X . 0x1f 31. 0 . 017 15. : 0 , . :echo . : :echo 0x7f 036 127 30 . , . ( : . ). : :echo 0x7f -036 97 . , . . : :echo 0x7f - 036 *41.2* ASCII , . . :( : Vim , C/C++/Java . , [a-zA-Z ][a-zA-Z0-9 ]* ) counter _aap3 very_long_variable_name_with_dashes FuncLength LENGTH end{verbatim} "foo+bar", "6var". ( : , 242

, , Vim , , , ). , : begin{verbatim} :let . count , . , . s: . : :let s:count = 1 :while s:count < 5 : source other.vim : let s:count = s:count + 1 :endwhile s:count , other.vim . other.vim s:count . . other.vim . , |script- variable| Vim , |internal-variables|. : b:name w:name g:name ( ) v:name Vim . Vim :let . :unlet , : :unlet s:count s:count . , , ! : 243

:unlet! s:count , . , . : :if !exists("s:call_count") : let s:call_count = 0 :endif :let s:call_count = s:call_count + 1 :echo "called" s:call_count "times" exists() . . !( : , , . . . .) : :if !exists(s:call_count) s:call count exists() . . ! . true, ! false. , false, true. not . ”if !exists() if not exists()”. Vim 0 , 0 ( : C ) . . Vim . . :let . , . , : :let name = "peter" :echo name peter , ” ( : , ): :let name = ""peter"" :echo name "peter" 244

( : ), ,( : , , bash, perl, php...) :let name = ’"peter"’ :echo name "peter" . . , . . . : t <Tab> n <NL>, r <CR>, <Enter> e <Esc> b <BS>, backspace " " , backslash <Esc> <Esc> <C-W> CTRL-W . <name> , Vim . |expr- quote| . *41.3* Vim . |expression-syntax| . . , , , . , : $NAME &name Vim @r Vim : 245

:echo "The value of ’tabstop’ is" &ts :echo "Your home directory is" $HOME :if @a > 5 &option , , , . : :let save_ic = &ic :set noic :/The Start/,$delete :let &ic = save_ic The Start ´ignorecase´ , . : a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b , : :echo 10 + 5 * 2 20 , : :echo (10 + 5) * 2 30 . . : :echo "foo" . "bar" foobar :echo , . , . C : 246

a ? b : c a true b , c . : :let i = 4 :echo i > 5 ? "i is big" : "i is small" i is small . : (a) ? (b) : (c) *41.4* , :if :endif , : :if {condition} {statements} :endif {condition} true( 0 ) {statement} . Vim , Vim :endif . :else . : :if {condition} {statements} :else {statements} :endif {statement} . :elseif : :if {condition} {statements} :elseif {condition} {statements} :endif 247

:else if , , :endif . Vim ´term´ : :if &term == "xterm" : " Do stuff for xterm :elseif &term == "vt100" : " Do stuff for a vt100 terminal :else : " Do something for other terminals :endif , . : a == b a != b a > b a >= b a < b a <= b 1, 0. : :if v:version >= 600 : echo "congratulations" :else : echo "you are using an old version, upgrade!" :endif v:version Vim , Vim . 6.0 Vim 600. 6.1 Vim 601. , . , . ASCII . . , . , , 0. : :if 0 == "one" : echo "yes" :endif 248

yes , one , 0, 0 . : a =~ b a b a !~ b a b a , b , a b, : :if str =~ " " : echo "str contains a space" :elseif str !~ ’.$’ : echo "str ends in a full stop" :endif . ! , , , , . ´ignorecase´ . , # , ? . ==? . !˜# , . , |expr-==|. :while . :while :endwhile : :continue loop , loop continues. :break ":endwhile"; : :while counter < 40 : call do_something() : if skip_flag : continue : endif : if finished_flag : break 249

: endif : sleep 50m :endwhile :sleep Vim . 50m 50 ( :1 1000 ), 0, Vim 4 . *41.5* Vim . :execute . . , : :execute "tag " . tag_name . tag tag name . tag name get cmd . : :tag get_cmd :execute . :normal Normal . , Normal . : :normal gg=G = . :normal . :execute . : :execute "normal " . normal_commands normal commands Normal . :normal . Vim . . : :execute "normal Inew text <Esc>" new text . ESC <Esc> . <Esc> 250

( : <Esc> ASCII 27 , Vim ˆ[ . COPY & PASTE , ˆ[ ˆ [, ). *41.6* Vim . . |functions| . :call . , , : :call search("Date: ", "W") Date: W search() . search() . W . , : :let line = getline(".") :let repl = substitute(line, ’a’, "*", "g") :call setline(".", repl) getline() . . . , . substitute() :substitute . . , . . setline() . substitute() . : :substitute/a/*/g substitute() . *function-list* , . . . |functions| . , CTRL-] . 251

: char2nr() ASCII nr2char() ASCII escape() strtrans() ( : ASCII 9 TAB ^{}I) tolower() toupper() match() matchend() position where a pattern match ends in a string matchstr() match of a pattern in a string stridx() first index of a short string in a long string strridx() last index of a short string in a long string strlen() length of a string substitute() substitute a pattern match with a string submatch() get a specific match in a ":substitute" strpart() get part of a string expand() expand special keywords type() type of a variable Working with text in the current buﬀer: byte2line() get line number at a specific byte count line2byte() byte count at a specific line col() column number of the cursor or a mark virtcol() screen column of the cursor or a mark line() line number of the cursor or mark wincol() window column number of the cursor winline() window line number of the cursor getline() get a line from the buffer setline() replace a line in the buffer append() append {string} below line {lnum} indent() indent of a specific line cindent() indent according to C indenting lispindent() indent according to Lisp indenting nextnonblank() find next non-blank line prevnonblank() find previous non-blank line search() find a match for a pattern searchpair() find the other end of a start/skip/end System functions and manipulation of ﬁles: browse() put up a file requester glob() expand wildcards 252

globpath() expand wildcards in a number of directories resolve() find out where a shortcut points to fnamemodify() modify a file name executable() check if an executable program exists filereadable() check if a file can be read isdirectory() check if a directory exists getcwd() get the current working directory getfsize() get the size of a file getftime() get last modification time of a file localtime() get current time strftime() convert time to a string tempname() get the name of a temporary file delete() delete a file rename() rename a file system() get the result of a shell command hostname() name of the system Buﬀers, windows and the argument list: argc() number of entries in the argument list argidx() current position in the argument list argv() get one entry from the argument list bufexists() check if a buffer exists buflisted() check if a buffer exists and is listed bufloaded() check if a buffer exists and is loaded bufname() get the name of a specific buffer bufnr() get the buffer number of a specific buffer winnr() get the window number for the current window bufwinnr() get the window number of a specific buffer winbufnr() get the buffer number of a specific window getbufvar() get a variable value from a specific buffer setbufvar() set a variable in a specific buffer getwinvar() get a variable value from a specific window setwinvar() set a variable in a specific buffer Folding: foldclosed() check for a closed fold at a specific line foldlevel() check for the fold level at a specific line foldtext() generate the line displayed for a closed fold Syntax highlighting: hlexists() check if a highlight group exists hlID() get ID of a highlight group 253

synID() get syntax ID at a specific position synIDattr() get a specific attribute of a syntax ID synIDtrans() get translated syntax ID History: histadd() add an item to a history histdel() delete an item from a history histget() get an item from a history histnr() get highest index of a history list Interactive: confirm() let the user make a choice getchar() get a character from the user getcharmod() get modifiers for the last typed character input() get a line from the user inputsecret() get a line from the user without showing it inputdialog() get a line from the user in a dialog Vim server: serverlist() return the list of server names remote_send() send command characters to a Vim server remote_expr() evaluate an expression in a Vim server server2client() send a reply to a client of a Vim server remote_peek() check if there is a reply from a Vim server remote_read() read a reply from a Vim server foreground() move the Vim window to the foreground remote_foreground() move the Vim server window to the foreground Various: mode() get current editing mode visualmode() last visual mode used hasmapto() check if a mapping exists mapcheck() check if a matching mapping exists maparg() get rhs of a mapping exists() check if a variable, function, etc. exists has() check if a feature is supported in Vim cscope_connection() check if a cscope connection exists did_filetype() check if a FileType autocommand was used eventhandler() check if invoked by an event handler getwinposx() X position of the GUI Vim window 254

getwinposy() Y position of the GUI Vim window winheight() get height of a specific window winwidth() get width of a specific window libcall() call a function in an external library libcallnr() idem, returning a number *41.7* Vim . : :function {name}({var1}, {var2}, ...) : {body} :endfunction : . , , : :function Min(num1, num2) Vim Min , num1 num2 . : : if a:num1 < a:num2 a: Vim ( :a argument), smaller : : if a:num1 < a:num2 : let smaller = a:num1 : else : let smaller = a:num2 : endif smaller . , g: , a: , s: . : g: . g:count count . count . 255

;return . , : : return smaller :endfunction : :function Min(num1, num2) : if a:num1 < a:num2 : let smaller = a:num1 : else : let smaller = a:num2 : endif : return smaller :endfunction Vim , , , Min : :echo Min(5, 8) , Vim , , , Vim . . :endfunction :return . 0. , :function ! :( : Vim , C ) :function! Min(num1, num2, num3) :call . . range , . a:ﬁrstline a:lastline . : :function Count_words() range : let n = a:firstline 256

: let count = 0 : while n <= a:lastline : let count = count + Wordcount(getline(n)) : endwhile : echo "found " . count . " words" :endfunction : :10,30call Count_words() , . range . . : :function Number() : echo "line " . line(".") . " contains: " . getline(".") :endfunction : :10,15call Number() Number() 6 . Vim , , , 20 : :function Show(start, ...) a:1 , a:2 , . a:0 . : :function Show(start, ...) : echohl Title : echo "Show is " . a:start : echohl None : let index = 1 : while index <= a:0 : execute ’echon " Arg " . index . " is " . a:’ . index : let index = index + 1 : endwhile : echo "" :endfunction 257

:echohl :echo . ”:echohl None . :echon :echo” , . :function : functions: :function function Show(start, ...) function GetVimIndent() function SetSyn(name) , :function : :function Show 1 : echo "Show is " . a:start 2 : let index = 1 3 : while index <= a:0 4 : execute ’echo "Arg " . index . " is " . a:’ . index 5 : let index = index + 1 6 : endwhile endfunction , |debug-scripts| . ´verbose´ 12 . 15 . Show(), : :delfunction Show , Vim . *41.8* 258

Vim . . : Unix . <NL> ( : NL New Line. ASCII 10, n ). MS-DOS, Windows OS/2 , <CR><LF>( : CR Carriage Return , LF Line Feed, , . , . . . . . . .). <CR> mapping . |:source crnl| Vim , . ( ) . , , , , . :set = : :set cpoptions =aABceFst = . = ! , : :set tags=my nice file : :set tags=my nice file Vim , : :set tags=my :set nice :set file ( : nice ﬁle Vim , , ) 259

. ( ” ) , , , . , . , : :abbrev dev development " shorthand :map <F3> o#include " insert include :execute cmd " do it :!ls *.c " list C files ´dev´ ’development ” shorthand’. <F3> o#include , ’” insert include’. execute . ! shell. , ( : shell , Vim , Vim shell). :map , :abbreviate , :execute ! ( ). map , :abbreviate execute : :abbrev dev development|" shorthand :map <F3> o#include|" insert include :execute cmd |" do it — . . — — , — . . : :map <F4> o#include , Vim ´list´ : :map ,ab o#include :unmap ,ab 260

unmap , unmap ,ab . map . Vim , , . ´unmap´ : :unmap ,ab " comment . Vim unmap ,ab , . : :unmap ,ab|" comment , . . , : map ,p ma"aYHmbgg"aP‘bzt‘a ,p : ma"aYHmbgg"aP‘bzt‘a ma a "aY a Hmb b gg "aP ‘b zt , . ‘a , : • . . OW . 261

• . Vim ( : Vim , ). , unload . :¿ " This is the XXX package if exists("XXX_loaded") delfun XXX_one delfun XXX_two endif function XXX_one(a) ... body of function ... endfun function XXX_two(b) ... body of function ... endfun let XXX_loaded = 1 *41.9* plugin *write-plugin* : Vim plugin , , plugin. |add- plugin| plugin: plugin: . filetype plugins: . plugin. filetype plugin , |write-filetype-plugin|. plugin . , : plugin , . , Windows 262

, plugin 8 ( : 8 ). typecorr.vim . . plugin . . plugin . plugin , : 13 iabbrev teh the 14 iabbrev otehr other 15 iabbrev wnat want 16 iabbrev synchronisation 17 synchronization 18 let s:count = 4 , . , plugin ! , , . plugin , , , . , plugin : 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> , 17 , , Vim |line-continuation|. ćompatible´ , Vim . ćompatible´ , . ćpoptions´ , . . : 10 let s:save_cpo = &cpo 11 set cpo&vim .. 41 let &cpo = s:save_cpo ćpoptions´ s:save cpo , plugin . 263

|s:var| . , . . plugin. plugin , plugin. plugin. : 5 if exists("loaded_typecorr") 6 finish 7 endif 8 let loaded_typecorr = 1 , , , autocommand . plugin : plugin . mapping. mapping . mapping, map <Leader> 21 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd <Plug>TypecorrAdd . mapleader , map . : let mapleader = "_" a map. mapleader , – . a map. <unique>, Vim . |:map-<unique>| ? : 20 if !hasmapto(’<Plug>TypecorrAdd’) 21 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd 22 endif <Plug>TypecorrAdd , map , <Leader>a . : 264

map ,c <Plug>TypecorrAdd ,c a a . , . map . map . , Add(), . , s: ( : s script). : 29 function s:Add(from, correct) 30 let to = input("type the correction for " . a:from . ": ") 31 exe ":iabbrev " . a:from . " " . to .. 35 endfunction s:Add(). s:Add(), , s:Add() . , Add() , s:Add() . <SID> map. VIM ID, ID . plugin : 23 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd <SID>Add .. 27 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> a , : a -> <Plug>TypecorrAdd -> <SID>Add -> :call <SID>Add() <SID>Add, ID, . <SID>Add() s:Add(). , . <SID> ID, VIM Add() . , plugin , . : map <SID>Add(), s:Add()( , autocommands, ) : 265

25 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add Correction <SID>Add Plugin . , , . , CVS Plugin.CVS.checkin , Plugin.CVS.checkout , Plugin.CVS . 27 :noremap , map . :call . 23 :noremap , <SID>Add . <script> . mapping . |:map-<script>|, 25 :noremenu . <SID> <Plug> <SID> <Plug> . : <Plug> . . <Plug> . , : <Plug> . Typecorr , Add . <Plug>TypecorrAdd . , . <SID> ID, . Vim <SID> <SNR>123 , 123 . <SID>Add() <SNR>11 Add() , <SNR>22 Add() . :function , . <SID> , . : 37 if !exists(":Correct") 38 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) 39 endif . . :command! , . |:command| s: . . . . Vim . . , . : 266

18 let s:count = 4 .. 29 function s:Add(from, correct) .. 33 let s:count = s:count + 1 34 echo s:count . " corrections now" 35 endfunction s:count 4. s:Add() , 1. , , . : 1 " Vim global plugin for correcting typing mistakes 2 " Last Change: 2000 Oct 15 3 " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> 4 5 if exists("loaded_typecorr") 6 finish 7 endif 8 let loaded_typecorr = 1 9 10 let s:save_cpo = &cpo 11 set cpo&vim 12 13 iabbrev teh the 14 iabbrev otehr other 15 iabbrev wnat want 16 iabbrev synchronisation 17 synchronization 18 let s:count = 4 19 20 if !hasmapto(’<Plug>TypecorrAdd’) 21 map <unique> <Leader>a <Plug>TypecorrAdd 22 endif 23 noremap <unique> <script> <Plug>TypecorrAdd <SID>Add 24 25 noremenu <script> Plugin.Add Correction <SID>Add 26 27 noremap <SID>Add :call <SID>Add(expand("<cword>"), 1)<CR> 28 29 function s:Add(from, correct) 30 let to = input("type the correction for " . a:from . ": ") 31 exe ":iabbrev " . a:from . " " . to 267

32 if a:correct | exe "normal viws<C-R>" be" | endif 33 let s:count = s:count + 1 34 echo s:count . " corrections now" 35 endfunction 36 37 if !exists(":Correct") 38 command -nargs=1 Correct :call s:Add(<q-args>, 0) 39 endif 40 41 let &cpo = s:save_cpo 32 . word . |:normal| . , :noremap .( : TODO: to be checked) *write-local-help* plugin . plugin . |add-local-help| . plugin , typecorr.txt : 1 *typecorr.txt* Plugin for correcting typing mistakes 2 3 If you make typing mistakes, this plugin will have them corrected 4 automatically. 5 6 There are currently only a few corrections. Add your own if you like. 7 8 Mappings: 9 <Leader>a or <Plug>TypecorrAdd 10 Add a correction for the word under the cursor. 11 12 Commands: 13 :Correct {word} 14 Add a correction for {word}. 15 16 *typecorr-settings* 17 This plugin doesn’t have any settings. . help.txt LOCAL ADDITIONS: . * . , ** . . plugin , typecorr-settings . 268

—— . . *plugin-special* plugin : s:name <SID> ID, . hasmapto() <Leader> mapleader , plugin . :map <unique> :noremap <script> , . exists( :Cmd ) . *41.10* plugin *write-ﬁletype-plugin* *ftplugin* plugin plugin, . |add-ﬁletype-plugin| plugin. |41.9| plugin . plugin . . plugin . plugin, . plugin : " Only do this when not done yet for this buffer if exists("b:did_ftplugin") finish endif let b:did_ftplugin = 1 plugin ( :edit ) plugin plugin: let b:did_ftplugin = 1 / plugin ´runtimepath´ $VIMRUNTIME . 269

plugin, , plugin: source $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/vim.vim set textwidth=70 plugin. ´textwidth´ 70 . plugin b:did ftplugin , . plugin :setlocal . ( ). |:setlocal| , , plugin . , += -= . . . : :setlocal formatoptions& formatoptions+=ro , ¿ :map <buffer> . . plugin : if !hasmapto(’<Plug>JavaImport’) map <buffer> <unique> <LocalLeader>i <Plug>JavaImport endif noremap <buffer> <unique> <Plug>JavaImport oimport ""<Left><Esc> |hasmapto()| <Plug>JavaImport. , . |<LocalLeader>| , . . <unique> ( : , overlaps 270

with an existing mapping ??) |:noremap| . :noremap <script> <SID> . plugin , . plugin : " Add mappings, unless the user didn’t want this. if !exists("no_plugin_maps") && !exists("no_mail_maps") " Quote text by inserting "> " if !hasmapto(’<Plug>MailQuote’) vmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote nmap <buffer> <LocalLeader>q <Plug>MailQuote endif vnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote :s/^/> /<CR> nnoremap <buffer> <Plug>MailQuote :.,$s/^/> /<CR> endif : no plugin maps plugins no mail maps plugin , . |:command| -buﬀer . : ( : one buﬀer ) :command -buffer Make make %:r.s Vim plugin . |s:var| . . . plugin . : :if !exists("*s:Func") : function s:Func(arg) : ... : endfunction :endif SUMMARY *ftplugin-special* 271

*ftplugin-special* plugin : <LocalLeader> maplocalleader , plugin . :map <buffer> :noremap <script> <SID> :setlocal :command -buffer exists( *s:Func ) |plugin-special| plugin . *41.11* plugin *write-compiler-plugin* plugin . |:compiler| . érrorformat´ ´makeprg´ . . : :if exists("current_compiler") : finish :endif :let current_compiler = "mine" plugin runtime ( Unix ˜/.vim/runtime/compiler), current compiler plugin . Vim plugin, . current compiler plugin . plugin plugin , current compiler . plugin , ´runtimepath´ . Unix ˜/.vim/runtime/after/compiler. 272

: |usr 42.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 273

*usr 42.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2002 01 23 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim , GUI , . , . |42.1| |42.2| |42.3| Various |42.4| Toolbar and popup menus : |usr 43.txt| ﬁletypes : |usr 41.txt| Vim : |usr toc.txt| *42.1* vim $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim , , . , :menu . : :menu {menu-item} {keys} {menu-item} . {menu-item} File.Save , File Save . . : :menu File.Save :update<CR> :update . : Edit.Settings.Shiftwidth Edit Settings , Shiftwidth . , , . :menu map : 274

, . {keys} . , {keys} , . & . , ALT-F File , S Save ( ´winaltkyes´ ). {menu-item} &File.&Save . . . . Vim , ! File.Save : :menu 10.340 &File.&Save<Tab>:w :confirm w<CR> 10.340 . Vim . (10) . , . : 10 20 40 50 60 70 9999 +------------------------------------------------------------+ | File Edit Tools Syntax Buffers Window Help | +------------------------------------------------------------+ Help , . (340) . , . File : +-----------------+ 10.310 |Open... | 10.320 |Split-Open... | 10.325 |New | 10.330 |Close | 10.335 |---------------- | 10.340 |Save | 10.350 |Save As... | 10.400 |---------------- | 10.410 |Split Diff with | 10.420 |Split Patched By | 10.500 |---------------- | 10.510 |Print | 275

10.600 |---------------- | 10.610 |Save-Exit | 10.620 |Exit | +-----------------+ . .( , ) . . . {menu-item} &File.&Save<Tab>:w . : {menu-item} . , : ( <space> <tab>), : :menu 10.305 &File.&Do It... :exit<CR> , Do It... , :exit<CR> . <Tab> . <Tab> . File.Save &File.Save<Tab>:w . File.Save , :w . , - . -sep- . . , . . : :amenu 20.510 Edit.-sep3- : *42.2* , :map : :menu Normal, Visual and Operator-pending mode :nmenu Normal mode :vmenu Visual mode 276

:omenu Operator-pending mode :menu! Insert and Command-line mode :imenu Insert mode :cmenu Command-line mode :amenu All modes :map , :noremenu , :nnoremenu , anoremenu . :AMENU :amenu . {keys} . Visual , Vim Normal . :amenu CTRL-C CTRL-O. : :amenu 90.100 Mine.Find Word * : Normal mode: * Visual mode: CTRL-C * Operator-pending mode: CTRL-C * Insert mode: CTRL-O * Command-line mode: CTRL-C * CTRL-C . Visual CTRL-C . CTRL-O Normal , . CTRL-O . Normal , , : :amenu Mine.Next File :call <SID>NextFile()<CR> :function <SID>NextFile() : next : 1/^Code :endfunction :next . Code . <SID> ID. Vim . . |<SID>|. {kyes} . : , , ‘ 277

ENTER ’, . , <silent> . , NextFile() , : :call <SNR>34_NextFile() <silent> : :amenu <silent> Mine.Next File :call <SID>NextFile()<CR> <silent> . . . . {keys} , ( ). {menu-item} . : :amenu . ! : :amenu Edit Edit . , : :imenu Edit.Undo . . & . <Tab> . , , menu unmenu . , :menu :unmenu , nmenu nunmenu , . Tools.Make : :iunmenu Tools.Make , : : 278

:aunmenu Syntax Syntax . *42.3* ´guioptions´ . . : :set guioptions-=m m . M g . ( ) t . . , , . (tearoff, , tear-off, ). . , |:menutrans|. , :browse . :confirm , . , : :amenu File.Open :browse confirm edit<CR> :browse . :confirm . . , confirm() inputdialog() . . *42.4* : . . 279

´guioptions´ T . . , ToolBar.New {menu-item} New . Vim 28 . |builtin-tools| . . . . . , : :tmenu ToolBar.Compile Compile the current file :amenu ToolBar.Compile :!cc % -o %:r<CR> . MS-Windows bitmap , Compile.bmp . Unix XPM , Compile.xpm .( : MS-Windows , Unix ). 18 x 18 . MS-Windows , . bitmap ´runtimepath´ bitmaps . Unix ˜/.vim/bitmaps/Compile.xpm . . . Open ﬁle . . , : Example: :tmenu ToolBar.Make Run make in the current directory : . Toolbar toolbar ToolBar ! , |:tunmenu| . ´toolbar´ , . . . . MS-Windows . .Unix , , ( : Xwindows ) ´mousemodel´ ´popup´ ’popup setpos’ . popup setpos . , . , . 280

. . : |usr 43.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=4:ft=help:norl: 281

*usr 43.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 09 03 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar , C shell , . . . |43.1| |43.2| : |usr 44.txt| : |usr 42.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *43.1* *ﬁletype-plugin* |add-ﬁletype-plugin| . , . C ´softtabstop´ 4 . : *your-runtime-dir* 1. . Unix ˜/.vim . ftplugin ( : ft+plugin, ftp + lugin) : mkdir ~/.vim mkdir ~/.vim/ftplugin Unix, ´runtimepath´ , Vim ftplugin : set runtimepath 282

( ), |vimrc| ´runtimepath´ . 2. ˜/.vim/ftplugin/c.vim , : setlocal softtabstop=4 noremap <buffer> <LocalLeader>c o/**************<CR><CR>/<Esc> C , ´softtabstop´ 4( : ‘:set softtabstop’ ). . :setlocal . ´softtabstop´ . , . :set . , c . :map <buffer> . : :map! , :vmap , |<LocalLeader>| maplocalleader . : $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/ filetype , : |write-plugin|. *43.2* filetype Vim ( : , , , ), Vim . , |your-runtime-dir| above. |your-runtime-dir| filetype.vim , filetype autocommand. (Autocommands |40.3| .) : augroup filetypedetect au BufNewFile,BufRead *.xyz setf xyz augroup END 283

Vim .xyz xyz . :augroup autocommand filetypedetect . , ”:filetype off” autocommand. setf ´filetype´ , ´filetype´ . ´filetype´ . . . |autocmd-patterns|. , /usr/share/scripts/ ruby , , filetype: augroup filetypedetect au BufNewFile,BufRead *.xyz setf xyz au BufNewFile,BufRead /usr/share/scripts/* setf ruby augroup END , /usr/share/scripts/README.txt, ruby . * . , filetype.vim ´runtimepath´ . Unix , ˜/.vim/after/filetype.vim . ˜/.vim/filetype.vim : augroup filetypedetect au BufNewFile,BufRead *.txt setf text augroup END filetype.vim ´runtimepath´ . ˜/.vim/after/filetype.vim: augroup filetypedetect au BufNewFile,BufRead /usr/share/scripts/* setf ruby augroup END Vim ´runtimepath´ filetype.vim , ˜/.vim/filetype.vim. *.txt autocommand .txt , filetype text, Vim ´runtimepath´ $VIMRUNTIME ˜/.vim/after/filetype.vim, /usr/share/scripts/ . /usr/share/scripts/README.txt, autocommand : *.txt , setf text text . ruby . setf ruby , ´filetype´ text , setf ruby . /usr/share/scripts/foobar, Vim autocommand . ruby ´filetype´ ruby. 284

, , , : #!/bin/xyz , ( filetype.vim ) scripts.vim , : if did_filetype() finish endif if getline(1) =~ ’^#!.*[/]xyz>’ setf xyz endif did filetype(), filetype . scripts.vim filetype.vim autocommand . , : 1. ´runtimepath´ $VIMRUNTIME filetype.vim 2. $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim 3. ´runtimepath´ script.vim 4. $VIMRUNTIME/filetype.vim 5. ´runtimepath´ $VIMRUNTIME filetype.vim , autocommand, . : |usr 44.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=4:ft=help:norl: 285

*usr 44.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 12 22 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim . , . |syn-deﬁne|. |44.1| |44.2| |44.3| |44.4| |44.5| |44.6| |44.7| |44.8| |44.9| |44.10| |44.11| |44.12| : |usr 45.txt| : |usr 43.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *44.1* . $VIMRUNTIME/syntax . . . , , : :syntax clear , . 286

. , . , : :syntax . . , . , : :syntax list {group-name} @ , ( |44.8| ) , Pascal. C . : :syntax case match :syntax case ignore match Vim . , int Int INT . ignore , Procedure , PROCEDURE , procedure . :syntax case . , :syntax case ; , :syntax case . *44.2* . : :syntax keyword {group} {keyword} ... {group} . :highlight {group} . {keyword} , : 287

:syntax keyword xType int long char :syntax keyword xStatement if then else endif xType xStatement . , filetype. x ( eXample ). csh cshType . ´filetype´ . int , long char , then , else endif . x Vim : :highlight link xType Type :highlight link xStatement Statement Vim xType Type , xStatement Statement . |group-name| . ískeyword´ . , , Vim . x - , : :setlocal iskeyword+=- :syntax keyword xStatement when-not :setlocal iskeyword . w * . , , match ( ) x . next n , ne nex . : :syntax keyword xStatement n[ext] , nextone , . *44.3* . . , match . : 288

:syntax match xIdentifier /<l+>/ : . if , then , xIdentiﬁer. , . // ( :substitute ). / , + ” . . x # : :syntax match xComment /#.*/ , . |pattern| . *44.4* x , . . , . : :syntax region xString start=/"/ end=/"/ start end . : "A string with a double quote (") in it" : . Vim ” . skip : :syntax region xString start=/"/ skip=/"/ end=/"/ , . region match ? match , . start 289

, end . end . . region . , . . . *44.5* : %Get input TODO: Skip white space TODO , . Vim , : :syntax keyword xTodo TODO contained :syntax match xComment /%.*/ contains=xTodo contained Vim . contains=xTodo xTodo . xComment . TODO xTodo . x {} . . : :syntax region xBlock start=/{/ end=/}/ contains=xBlock x : while i < b { if a { b = c; } } xBlock {. {. xBlock . b = c xBlock , } . xBlock . xBlock. } xBlock, 290

xBlock . } xBlock . : :syntax region xComment start=/%/ end=/$/ contained :syntax region xPreProc start=/#/ end=/$/ contains=xComment : % . , # . . contains=xComment . : #define X = Y % Comment text int foo = 1; xPreProc . . end=/$/ , ? . % . , . . , . , keepend . Vim . :syntax region xComment start=/%/ end=/$/ contained :syntax region xPreProc start=/#/ end=/$/ contains=xComment keepend contains , : :syntax region xList start=/[/ end=/]/ contains=ALL xList , , xList( ). . : :syntax region xList start=/[/ end=/]/ contains=ALLBUT,xString contains=TOP , contained . contains=CONTAINED contained . |:syn-contains| . 291

*44.6* x : if (condition) then . (condition) then , . : :syntax match xIf /if/ nextgroup=xIfCondition skipwhite :syntax match xIfCondition /([^)]*)/ contained nextgroup=xThen skipwhite :syntax match xThen /then/ contained nextgroup . . . Vim . : if not (condition) then if xIf . not nextgroup xIfCondition, if . skipwhite Vim ( ) . skipnl , , skipempty , , skipnl , . *44.7* MATCHGROUP , . , () xInside , : :syntax region xInside start=/(/ end=/)/ . , matchgroup . Vim .( , xParen ): 292

:syntax region xInside matchgroup=xParen start=/(/ end=/)/ matchgroup start end . xParen . : :syntax region xInside matchgroup=xParen start=/(/ matchgroup=xParenEnd end=/)/ matchgroup . transparent . TRANSPARENT C while () for () . () () , . () . : :syntax region cWhile matchgroup=cWhile start=/whiles*(/ end=/)/ contains=cCondNest :syntax region cFor matchgroup=cFor start=/fors*(/ end=/)/ contains=cCondNest :syntax region cCondNest start=/(/ end=/)/ contained transparent cWhile cFor . cCondNest , , transparent . matchgroup . ? matchgroup . cCondNest while for (, , cCondNest ( ) . cCondNest (” . if () . if ( , ) . . : :syntax region xCond start=/ifs*(/ms=e+1 end=/)/me=s-1 ms=e+1 . ms Match Start . . . e+1 Vim .( : vs )( : if( foo == bar ) , . 293

:syntax region xCond start=/ifs*(s*/ms=e+1 end=/s*)/me=s-1 ) me=s-1 . me Match End . s-1 . : ( : , , 1234 , 2 1 / ,1 2 / .) foo == bar xCond . : |:syn-pattern-oﬀset|. online Vim . : :syntax region xIfThen start=/if/ end=/then/ oneline , if , then . if then , . : oneline . . oneline Vim . , . . . # , . . : :syntax region xPreProc start=/^#/ end=/$/ contains=xLineContinue :syntax match xLineContinue "$" contained , xPreProc , ( xLineContinue) , , : #define SPAM spam spam spam bacon and spam . , , excludenl . , xPreProc end , . xPreProc xLineContinue , excludenl : 294

:syntax region xPreProc start=/^#/ end=/$/ contains=xLineContinue,xPreProcEnd :syntax match xPreProcEnd excludenl /end$/ contained :syntax match xLineContinue "$" contained excludenl . xLineContinue excludenl , xPreProc . *44.8* Vim . Vim . , if , while . : . : :syntax match xFor /^for.*/ contains=xNumber,xIdent :syntax match xIf /^if.*/ contains=xNumber,xIdent :syntax match xWhile /^while.*/ contains=xNumber,xIdent contains= . , 3 . . : :syntax cluster xState contains=xNumber,xIdent :syntax . . @ . , : :syntax match xFor /^for.*/ contains=@xState :syntax match xIf /^if.*/ contains=@xState :syntax match xWhile /^while.*/ contains=@xState : :syntax cluster xState add=xString , : :syntax cluster xState remove=xNumber 295

*44.9* C++ C . , Vim : :runtime! syntax/c.vim :runtime! ´runtimepath´ syntax/c.vim . C C . c.vim , C++ . C C++ , C : :syntax keyword cppStatement new delete this friend using Perl . Perl : POD , . POD =head , =cut . ( : POD: Plain Old Documentation) POD , Perl . :syntax include , . : :syntax include @Pod <sfile>:p:h/pod.vim :syntax region perlPOD start=/^=head/ end=/^=cut/ contains=@Pod Perl =head , perlPOD . @Pod . pod.vim . =cut , , Perl . :syntax include :syntax clear . contain=ALL , include . <sﬁle>:p:h/ (<sﬁle>), (:p) (:h). pod.vim . *44.10* , . . Vim . , 296

, . , ? :syntax sync . Vim . , Vim C , : :syntax sync ccomment . minlines Vim , maxlines . , Vim 10 : :syntax sync ccomment minlines=10 maxlines=500 , . 500 . ( maxlines Vim . ) Vim , . display . , Comment . , : :syntax sync ccomment xAltComment C , . Vim . Vim 150 : :syntax sync minlines=150 minlines Vim , . , , : :syntax sync match {sync-group-name} grouphere {group-name} {pattern} Vim {pattern} . {sync-group-name} . , shell if , if , ﬁ : if [ --f file.txt ] ; then echo "File exists" fi 297

grouphere : :syntax sync match shIfSync grouphere shIf "<if>" groupthere Vim . , if/ﬁ : :syntax sync match shIfSync groupthere NONE "<fi>" NONE Vim . if . ( : ??) grouphere groupthere . . , {} , : :syntax sync match xSpecial /{.*}/ , : |syn-sync|. *44.11* , ´runtimepath´ syntax . Unix ˜/.vim/syntax . , .vim . x , : ~/.vim/syntax/x.vim Vim . |43.2|. , Vim . . email Vim : ¡maintainer@vim.org¿. . Vim ! . , , . , Vim . , . , C : 298

:syntax keyword cType off_t uint . c.vim . ´runtimepath´ . . Unix : ~/.vim/after/syntax/c.vim *44.12* Vim ? , . , . , . : " Vim syntax file " Language: C " Maintainer: Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org> " Last Change: 2001 Jun 18 " Remark: Included by the C++ syntax. . . . . , : name.vim , ´filetype´, b:current syntax ( nameType, nameString, nameString ). b:current syntax . , ´runtimepath´ . Vim5.8 , : b:current syntax . , b:current syntax . Vim5.x , v:version . yacc.vim. . ´tabstop´, éxpandtab´ . plugin . . ískeyword´ . 299

. . , 8 . Vim 5.8 : if version >= 508 || !exists("did_c_syn_inits") if version < 508 let did_c_syn_inits = 1 command -nargs=+ HiLink hi link <args> else command -nargs=+ HiLink hi def link <args> endif HiLink nameString String HiLink nameNumber Number ... etc ... delcommand HiLink endif display , CTRL-L . : |usr 45.txt| Select your language : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=4:ft=help:norl: 300

*usr 90.txt* Vim 6.1 . : 2001 10 23 VIM — : Bram Moolenaar Vim *install* Vim . . , . |90.1| Unix |90.2| MS-Windows |90.3| |90.4| |90.5| Vim : |usr 45.txt| : |usr toc.txt| *90.1* Unix Vim . , . Vim /usr/local . . . Vim , home . bin shared/vim . UNIX . URL . http://www.vim.org/binaries.html , . UNIX Vim . , Vim . , . Linux, vi Vim. . Linux Vim , . 301

Vim, : - C ( GCC) - GZIP ( www.gnu.org ) - Vim Vim , , : ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ftp.vim.org, . unix . . . : , 4 , . 6.0 : vim-6.0.tar.bz2 bzip2 . , 4 , gzip . Vim 6.0 4 : vim-6.0-src1.tar.gz vim-6.0-src2.tar.gz vim-6.0-rt1.tar.gz vim-6.0-rt2.tar.gz , : mkdir ~/vim cd ~/vim . , bzip2 -d -c path/vim-6.0.tar.bz2 | tar xf - . . 302

gzip -d path/vim-6.0-src1.tar.gz | tar xf - gzip -d path/vim-6.0-src2.tar.gz | tar xf - gzip -d path/vim-6.0-rt1.tar.gz | tar xf - gzip -d path/vim-6.0-rt2.tar.gz | tar xf - , , : cd vim60/src make make . . , . . . . Makeﬁle . make test . . Vim , . : test results: ALL DONE , Vim , . Vim , . , . |maillist-archive| . . |maillist| , . *install-home* home , Makeﬁle , : #prefix = $(HOME) #. , Vim . , root . Vim : 303

make install . . : :help :syntax enable , Vim : :echo $VIMRUNTIME : vim -V Vim. , |not- compatible| Vim . Vim , Makefile . . . configure . . . . Makefile . --prefix={directory} Vim --with-features=tiny --with-features=small --with-features=big --with-features=huge |+feature-list| . --enable-perlinterp Perl . ruby, python tcl . --disable-gui GUI --without-x X-windows , Vim X , . 304

: ./configure --help . |feature-list| . , feature.h . ! *90.2* MS-Windows Vim MS-Windows . . . : - Vim - Vim - zip Vim , , : ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/MIRRORS ftp.vim.org, . pc . . . gvim60.exe . . , . . : gvim60.zip MS-Windows GUI . gvim60ole.zip OLE MS-Windows GUI . , OLE vim60w32.zip 32 MS-Windows . Win NT/2000/XP . Win 95/98 305

vim60d32.zip 32 MS-DOS . Win 95/98 . vim60d16.zip 16 MS-DOS version. . . GUI . . vim60rt.zip un-zip . unzip : cd c:^M unzip pathgvim60.zip unzip pathvim60rt.zip c:vimvim60 . vim , . vimvim60 : install . do it . . . , . . , Microsoft Visual C , . Borland 5.5 , MingW, Cygwin . src/INSTALLpc.txt . *90.3* Vim , . UNIX make install . . vim – , make install . . . : 306

rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim58 , ﬁletype.vim , . , . . : ./configure --with-vim-name=vim6 make install , make -n install ( : make -n , ) , , : mv /usr/local/bin/vim6 /usr/local/bin/vim MS-WINDOWS MS-WINDOWS . . , vim61 . , , vimrc , viminfo . , . install , . . . , $VIMRUNTIME . , . |90.5|. *90.4* Vim . Q: Root Vim?(Unix) , Vim $HOME/vim : ./configure --prefix=$HOME . $HOME/bin . |install-home|. Q: Vim (Unix) SHELL : 307

. . |maillist- archive|. *90.5* Vim : Vim. . UNIX Vim, . : make uninstall . , , . , /usr/local : rm -rf /usr/local/share/vim/vim60 rm /usr/local/bin/eview rm /usr/local/bin/evim rm /usr/local/bin/ex rm /usr/local/bin/gview rm /usr/local/bin/gvim rm /usr/local/bin/gvim rm /usr/local/bin/gvimdiff rm /usr/local/bin/rgview rm /usr/local/bin/rgvim rm /usr/local/bin/rview rm /usr/local/bin/rvim rm /usr/local/bin/rvim rm /usr/local/bin/view rm /usr/local/bin/vim rm /usr/local/bin/vimdiff rm /usr/local/bin/vimtutor rm /usr/local/bin/xxd rm /usr/local/man/man1/eview.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/evim.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/ex.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gview.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvim.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/gvimdiff.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgview.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rgvim.1 309

rm /usr/local/man/man1/rview.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/rvim.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/view.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vim.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimdiff.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/vimtutor.1 rm /usr/local/man/man1/xxd.1 MS-WINDOWS Vim, Vim uninstall-gui . . , . Windows . vim . vimrc . . , zip Vim, uninstal ( l). install . : c:vimvim60 . / . Vim . . vimvim60 . , . vim vimrc . . : |usr toc.txt| : |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: 310

Vim http://web.efrei.fr/aiefrei/eﬀervescence/123/vim.en.html :Sven, Bram, , ? Bram: 1961 , Delft 4K RAM , , Venlo, , , , , , , , Sven: 1967 , 1989 Email Internet, 1992 , Web , (elm, lynx, mutt, nn, screen, slrn, Vim, zsh) , : telnet ( , ssh) 1999 9 , , Bram , : Vim, , Vim , Vim ? Bram: 1989 Vim, , Amiga2000 vi, vi , vi , Stevie , , , 1991 , , , “Vi Imitation” “Vi IMproved”, Sven:1992 Macintosh IIvx vi 311

DOS( ), Macintosh, Macintosh vi 1994 Vim–2, Vi Vim , Macintosh Vim–3 Macintosh , BUG, Vim–4 Macintosh , , Linux , PC 1997 9 Vim.org, Vim Vim , Vim , Vim , Macintosh ... : Vim/Vim , EMAIL , comp.editors , Vim ? Bram: Vim , , , , comp.editors , , Sven Vim , , Vim , , , Sven: Vim , (comp.editors , , Vim ) www.Vim.org Vim Vim, Vim , , VI , , , , ... : VIM , , , , ? 312

? ? GTK+ , ? Bram: , Robert Webb , , , , , , , Vim , , , , Vim Vim Vim , , , , Vim, , Vim , , , Vim , GTK , , Athena Motif , , BUG, , Sven: Vim Bram Bram , Bram , , Vim — , Vim — ? linuxﬁnd.org : Vim , ? ? Bram: Vim , Vim 313

BUG, , 6.0 , UNIX , VMS Vim UNIX VMS Vim Amiga, UNIX Sven: Vim Vim GUI , GUI GUI , GUI ... Vim — Vim : Vim ? Bram: , , 6.0 UTF-8 ( ?), Sven: , UTF-8 , Vim , ( ASCII ) — : Vim ? Vim ? Bram: Vim e-mail e-mail , 314

Sven: bram — Vim , EMAIL , — Vim — Vim : Vim , , ? Bram: 1993 , , , , , ICCF Vim Vim , 5% , (1998 1.9%) Sven: EMAIL Bram EMAIL “user@domain” “Vim ” Vim , Vim , 1977 ( kissi—kissi ) EMAIL Vim : Vim? ? Vim? 315

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, , “*” , , “cw” , “n” “.” “.” , , “.” , “.” “m” , “XpmCreatePixmapFromData”, ( ) Vim , , , include “XpmCr”, CTRL-N , Vim “XpmCreatePixmapFromData”, , , , , Vim “qa” ‘a’ , Vim ‘a’ , “q” , ‘a’ “@a” 26 , , 4 , 5 , , , , 3. , , , , : :abbr Lnuix Linux :abbr accross across 321

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6. , - - Vim “:make” , , / / , Vim , ‘errorformat’ , Vim , , , gcc , , , , manual , , , , , 7. , ? , , 10-20% , , , , , , “ ” , , , , , , 324

, , : , , Stephen R·Covey “The 7 habits of highly eﬀective people” Scott Adams “Seven years of highly defective people” ( ) http://www.vim.org/iccf/click1.html “recommended books and CDs” Bram Moolenaar Vim Vim Delft , ICCF , Vim 325

Vim C/C++ :Kmj slimzhao@21cn.com Bill Joy Vi , Vi ( ) . Vi , , Vim , , . , vi vim . linux , . “extra information” . ( : vi vim, vim ) ctags Ctags vim , ( ), . [/home/someuser/src]$ ctags * ‘tags’ , C/C++ , : #define , . , , ( ) , , Vim . . , vi -t , : [/home/someuser/src]$ vi -t foo_bar foo bar foo bar . vi , : 326

:ta foo_bar ( foo bar , , ‘autowrite’ , , , autowrite aw, ), ‘autowrite’ , :h autowrite ( :h aw, ) ( ) ‘CTRL-]’ , , foo bar() , foo bar ( , ), ‘CTRL-]’ , . CTRL-] telnet , ( telnet , ), . ‘:h^]’ .( : :h^] , telnet telnet -E hostname , telnet -e escape hostname ^], , , rsh telnet , telnet -E telnet -e , man telnet ) Ctags , ( emacs , NEdit ) . , , . ctags , , man ctags, vim , :h ctags c Vi . C/C++ , cindent , , ( , :se cindent ). , :set cindent( set se, , ) cindent shiftwidth , tabstop , shiftwidth 8( , 8 , ), , ‘:set shiftwidth=x’ , x . cindent , , , cindent , ‘:set cino=string’ ( , string , ), string , cindent . indent , vim . , ‘:h cinoptions-values’. , ‘:set cino’. , ‘:h shiftwidth’, ‘:h cindent’, ‘:h cinoptions’, ‘:h cinoptions-values’, ‘:h cinkeys’, ‘:h cinwords’ 327

, , , , Vim , , C/C++ , , ‘:syntax on’. , . Vim , . , ‘:h syntax’ , gvim(vim GUI , , ), , vim , , , , . , ‘:h syn-gstart’, ‘:h syntax-printing’ - - , , , , , , , vim . ‘:mak’ ( ‘:make’). vim makeprg make , make. , ‘:set makeprg =string’ ( , VC nmake, ‘:set makeprg=nmake.exe’ , ), vim ‘errorformat’ . , . ‘errorformat’ c scanf , %f, , %l, , %m, . GCC errorformat :%f:%l:%m errorformat , vim ‘:h errorformat’. , ‘:h quickﬁx’, ‘:h mak’, ‘:h makeprg’, ‘:h error- ﬁle’, ‘:h errorformat’ . , : 328

[ [ = ’{’ , ?^{ ] ] = ’{’ , /^{ [ ] = ’}’ , ?^} ] [ = ’}’ , ?^} { = } = gd = ( ). * = # = ’’ = : % , , , . : Vim , , GUI( ), , : : [address] s//string/[g|c|N] (where N is an integer value). ( N ). grep , string , ‘address’, ‘g’, ‘N’ , , , N . g = : . c = : . N = Nth Replace only the Nth occurance of on the line. (No modifier implies N=1, the first occurance on that line) ( : , ed , ex vi ) ( : , vim )( address1, address2s//string/1) [address values] --- . ( x ) . = ( , ) $ = % = ( , 1,$, ) 329

x = x +x = x ( 1 , +3 4 ) -x = x ( 4 , -3 1 ) , ( , , 10,1 , vim , , y, 1,10, , , , ), , vim . Vim , , . —‘:h include-search’ —’mx’ , ”x’ ;( x , , )( vim , , ) “ ” - ‘ ¨xY ’ x (Y ), ’ ”xZ ’ (Z p P); ( x , (:e ﬁlename). —‘:h comments’ .vimrc— .vimrc ( ~/.vimrc). .vimrc , ‘:’.( DOS vim , .vimrc vim , , .vimrc, vimrc, , .vimrc .exrc, vimrc exrc) X Console( , ) vi , vi, . vi/vim , ( ) Google vi vim , VI — , ... VI — , ex . Unix Vi — , ... , VI. Keith Jones(kmj9907@cs.rit.edu) ; vim , . !!! 330

vim用户手册中文版

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vim用户手册中文版 — Document Transcript