19. .""
cognitive constraints
.
::brain based learning
.
.
.
""salk
..
:
") "(Caine @Caine
:
.The brain is a complex dynamical system
.)(The brain/mind is social brain
.The search for meaning is innate
.
The search of meaning occurs through patterning
.
Emotions are critical to patterning
.
And create parts and wholsEvery brain simultaneously perceives
.
Learninginvolves both focused attention and peripheral perception
.
Learning always involves conscious and unconscious processes
.:
We have at least two ways of organizing memory.
Spatial memory
Sets of systems for rote learning
.learning is developmental
.
Complex learning is enhanced by challenge and inhibited by threat
.Every brain is uniquely irganized
٤٢٤٣
61. .
Program for Learning in Accordance with Needs
Flanagan
:
""
:Computer Assisted Instruction
IBM
.
Control data corporation and mitre
corporationplato, ticcit
drill and practice
.
:Systems Approach to Instruction
.
(Schiffman, 1995)
١٢٨ ١٢٧
68. ""
Concept Attainment Model
""
Inductive thinking Model
""
Training of Inquiry Model
""
Developmental Model
cognitionmemory
.
:
Strategies MemoryCognitive
strategies
Met cognitive Strategies
)(.
Cognitive Teaching Strategies
)(.
١٤٢ ١٤١
110. –)()()()(
.
:One minute interview
:
o
o
o
.Learning Team Group Roles
:
Leader
.
Monitor
.
)(Reporter.
:Recorder.
.Cooperative learning models
.
Student Team – Achievement Division (STAD).
..
Teams Game Tournaments (TGT)
.
Team assisted Individualization (TAI)
.Learning Together Model (LTM)
.Group Investigation Model (GIM)
.Jigsaw I
.""Jigsaw I I
:
:) :STAD(
..
Student Team Learning
..
)(
.
٢٣١ ٢٣٠