1. GROUP 8B OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
- RIFKA HAYATI
- HAARIS MILLAH MUHAMMAD
- AKBAR ARIEF
- PRIMA YOGI LOVINILTRA
- MUHAMMAD AKMAL FIRDAUS ABDULLAH
- LUQMAN YUMI
- DEK WAN
-AZRI AMINOR
Social science presentation
3. Graphic of systems of
government
East West North
.tak siap 90
lagi.
Ini utk
tengokkan
45.9 46.9
peratus 38.6
45 43.9
sistem yang 30.6
34.6
31.6
27.4
di gunakan 20.4 20.4
di seluruh
negara.
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
4. MAP
Widescreen Advantages
Side by side material
fits more naturally.
Legend
green Widescreen adds
orange - parliamentary republics
- presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament
yellow - presidential republics, semi-presidential system
drama to graphics and
blue - presidential republics full presidential system
red - parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power
images.
magenta - constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parl
purple - absolute monarchies
brown - republics where the dominant role of a single party is codified in the constitution
dark green - countries where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended
gray - countries that does not fit in any of the above listed systems
Note that this chart aims to represent de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. Several states constitutio
deemed to be multiparty republics may also be broadly described as authoritarian states
5. System of
Governance
Presidential/Separated republics
Full presidential systems
Presidential systems without a prime minister
Presidential systems with a prime minister
Semi-presidential systems
Directorial systems
Parliamentary republics
Mixed republican systems
Constitutional monarchies
Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs
Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs
Absolute monarchies
Theocracies
Single political movement states
Military junta states
Transitional
6. System of
Governance
Presidential/Separated republics
“These are systems in which a president is the active head of the
executive branch of government and is elected and remains in
office independently of the legislature. ”
The following list includes democratic and non democratic states:
Full presidential systems
In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and
head of government. There is generally no prime minister, although if
one exists he or she serves purely at the pleasure of the president.
Presidential systems without a prime minister such as
Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar, Maldives, United
States, Brazil, Afghanistan.
Presidential systems with a prime minister such as Kazakhstan, South
Korea, Sri Lanka, Peru.
7. System of
Governance
Semi-presidential systems
In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a
prime minister. In such systems, the president has genuine executive
authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a
head of government is exercised by the prime minister, such as
France, Madagascar, Romania, Russia, Portugal, Somalia, Republic of
China, Palestine.
Directorial systems
The directorial system is the collective version of the presidential
system. In a directorial republic a council jointly exercises both
presidential and governmental powers. The council is appointed by the
parliament (and democratically elected at local level), but it is not
subject to political confidence during its term which has a fixed
duration, such as Switzerland.
8. System of
Governance
Parliamentary republics
“T A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime
minister is the active head of the executive branch of
government and also leader of the legislature.”
The president's degree of executive power may range from being
reasonably significant (e.g. Pakistan) to little (e.g. India) or none at all
(e.g. Ireland). Where the president holds little executive power, his or her
function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead. Singapore also belong
to the parliamentary republics.
9. System of
Governance
Mixed republican systems
“A combined head of state and government is elected by
the legislature, however they are not subject to
parliamentary confidence during their term (although
their cabinet is).”
South Africa is such as example of this system of
governance.
10. System of
Governance
Constitutional monarchies
“These are systems in which the head of state is a constitutional monarch;
the existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is
established and restrained or held back by constitutional law.”
Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs
Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of
government. In some cases the prime minister is also leader of the legislature, in
other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature although the
entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a vote of no
confidence. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or
her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.
Malaysia, Canada, Japan, Australia, Spain, United Kingdom, New Zealand are
example of this system.
Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs
The prime minister is the nation's active executive but the monarch still has
considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion.
Monaco, Jordan, Kuwait are example of this system.
11. System of
Governance
Absolute monarchies
“Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's
exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive
constitutional law.”
Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Brunei are such as example of this
system of governance.
12. System of
Governance
Theocracies
States based on a state religion where the head of state is
selected by some form of religious hierarchy.
“Theocracy is a form of government in which the official policy
is to be governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials
who are regarded as divinely guided, or simply pursuant to
the doctrine of a particular religious group or religion.”
From the perspective of the theocratic government, "God himself is
recognized as the head" of the state, hence the term
theocracy, from the Greek θεοκρατια "rule of God", a term used by
Josephus for the kingdoms of Israel, Judah, Vatican.
13. System of
Governance
Single political movement states
“States in which political power is by law concentrated
within a single political party whose operations are
largely fused with the government hierarchy (as opposed
to states where the law establishes a multi-party system
but this fusion is not achieved anyway through electoral
fraud or simple inertia). However, some do have elected
governments”
Country: Cuba, Democratic people’s North
Korea, Laos, Vietnam,and also people’s Republic of China
14. System of
Governance
Military junta states
“The nation's military control the organs of government
and all high-ranking political executives are also
members of the military hierarchy such as Egypt.”
15. System of
Governance
Transitional
“States which have a system of government which is in
transition or turmoil and are classified with the current
direction of change.”
- Eritrea (presidential republic)
- Libya
- Somalia (semi-presidential republic)
- Tunisia (semi-presidential republic)
17. Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah
Kerajaan Islam yang terawal merupakan Daulah Islamiyah
yang terletak di Madinah pada tahun 622 Masihi dan
dipimpin oleh Rasulullah (S.A.W) sendiri.
Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khulafah diketuai oleh seorang
pemerintah dengan gelaran Khalifah.
Sistem dan struktur pemerintahan digariskan selari dengan
Al-Quran dan Hadis menjadikan ia satu sistem yang
sempurna lagi menyeluruh.
18. [Kelebihan] Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah
Perlantikan pemerintah dilakukan melalui Majlis Syura
dengan penilaian yang rapi untuk mencari individu yang
betul-betul layak, hebat dari segi agama dan juga
kepimpinan.
Perundangan pula bersifat tetap dan adil, tidak mengira
darjat atau keturunan, memastikan hukuman setimpal
dijalakan mengikut hukum-hukum yang telah ditetapkan Al-
Quran dan Hadis.
Islam sebagai gaya hidup yang sempurna disebarkan ke
seluruh pelusuk kerajaan.
19. [Kekurangan] Kerajaan Islam Daulah Khilafah
Masyarakat dunia sukar untuk menerima konsep
pemerintahan Daulah Khulafah kerana mereka telah
diracuni oleh musuh-musuh Islam yang menjaja konsep
Islamophobia.
Walaupun agama Islam itu sendiri bersifat
menyeluruh, masyarakat dunia bimbang jika perlaksanaan
pemerintahan cara Islam dijalankan, mereka akan menjadi
mundur sedangkan mereka tidak memahami konsep Islam
dan tidak pula ingin mempelajarinya.
20. OTORITER
Pemerintahan Otoriter
“Bentuk pemerintahan yang bercirikan penekanan
terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan rakyat.”
21. OTORITE
R
Kelebihan Kekurangan
Penekanan
konflik pendapat
masyrakat
Mudah
Media tidak
mmbentuk
kreatif
integrasi
Pembunuhan
karakter
berfikir
22. OTORITER
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Otoriter
Konflikdalam masyarakat cenderung berkurang karena
adanya pengawasan hal-hal yang dianggap dapat
menggoncangkan masyarakat
Mudah membentuk penyeragaman/integritas dan
konsensus yang diharapkan khususnya secara umum
pada negara sedang membangun yang memerlukan
kestabilan
23. OTORITER
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Otoriter
Adanya penekanan terhadap keinginan untuk bebas
mengemukakan pendangan/ pendapat
Mudah terjadi pembredelan penerbitan media yang
cenderung menghancurkan kreatifitas.
Tertutupnya kesempatan untuk berkreasi.
24. DEMOKRASI
Pemerintahan Demokrasi
“Bentuk/ mekanisme sistem pemerintah suatu
negara sebagai upaya mewujudkan kedaulatan
rakyat (kekuasaan warganegara) atas negara
untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut.”
26. DEMOKRASI
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi
Menjamin kendali warganegara terhadap kekuasaan
politik
Mendorong warganegara meningkatkan kapasitas
pribadinya misalnyameningkatkan kesadaran
politik, meningkatkan pengetahuan pribadi dll
Membuat warganegara tidak tergantung pada politisi
yang memiliki kepentingan sempit
27. DEMOKRASI
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi
Sulit dioperasikan pada masyarakat yang berukuran
besar
Sulit menghindari bias kelompok dominan
Masyarakat lebih dekat dengan (konflik) politik dan
karenanya berpotensi melahirkan kehidupan bersama
yang tidak stabil
29. DEMOKRASI
TERPIMPIN
Kesadaran
politik yang
tinggi
Terlibat
dalam proses
pembuat
kebijakan Kepentingan
bersama
Demokrasi
terpimpin
30. DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
[Kelebihan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi Terpimpin
Memberikan kesempatan yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat
untuk terlibat dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan; tanpa
mendekatkan mereka dengan (konflik) politik
Mendorong warganegara untuk selalu memiliki kesadaran
politik yang tinggi dan selalu memperkaya diri dengan
pengetahuan tentang perkembangan masyaraktnya
Mendorong warganegara untuk selalu memikirkan
kepentingan bersama
31. DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
[Kekurangan] Pemerintahan Demokrasi
Terpimpin
Memerlukan masyarakat dengan tingkat pendidikan
yang tinggi dan sarana komunikasi yang modern
35. Creating 16:9 Presentations
To setup a widescreen
presentation, do one of the
following: Important: Always start with your slide
size set to the aspect ratio you intend to
Start with this template. Simply use. If you change the slide size after
delete the example slides and add you’ve created some slides, your pictures
your own content. and other graphics will be resized. This
could potentially distort their appearance.
Or, go to the Design tab and open
the Page Setup Dialog. Click the
Slide Size dropdown and pick
On-screen Show (16:9) (Note:
we also support 16:10, which is a
common widescreen laptop
resolution. )
36. Slide Show Tips
To present in true widescreen, you’ll
need a computer and, optionally, a
projector or flat panel that can output
widescreen resolutions.
Common computer widescreen
resolutions are 1280 x 800 and 1440 x
900. (These are 16:10 aspect ratio, but
will work well with 16:9 projectors and
screens.)
Standard high definition televisions
resolutions are1280 x 720 and 1920 x
1080.
Use the Test Pattern on the next slide
to verify your slide show settings.
