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Common Injuries in Javelin Throwers
- 1. Common Injuries in Javelin By Kelsey-Lee Roberts
- 2. Javelin Background Information Event in Track and Field Weight of the javelin Men‟s = 800g, Female‟s = 600g No “unorthodox” techniques are permitted. Use a runway with a foul line Tip of the javelin must strike the ground first Benefit from the agility and athleticism typically associated with running and jumping events, also require considerable core and upper body strength. References; 1,10
- 3. Javelin History On April 1st, 1986 the men‟s javelin was redesigned so that the centre of gravity was moved forward Same changes were made to the women‟s javelin in 1999 Records Male – 98.48m Zan Železný (Czech Republic) Click here to view the Male World Record Throw Female – 72.28m Barbora Špotáková (Czech Republic) Click here to view the Female World Record Throw References; 10
- 4. Injuries An athlete becomes vulnerable to injury without: Proper strength and conditioning training Good flexibility and joint range of motion Correct technique Three main injuries: Elbow Shoulder Back References; 1
- 5. Elbow Most common elbow injury: Medial epicondylitis or “thrower‟s elbow” It is an overuse injury resulting from recurrent minor strains of the ligament Common in junior throwers and unskilled or untrained athletes Every javelin thrower will experience this injury at some point, no matter what their age or skill level Image: www.guardian.co.uk References; 1,4,6,9
- 6. Elbow Imperfect technique plays a major role in elbow injuries “Round arm” Delivered by a short, quick jerk of the arm Treatment options: Reduce intensity and frequency of throwing Complete rest Local anesthetic Hydrocortisone injections Image: www.guardian.co.uk References; 1,4,6,9
- 7. Elbow Best way to prevent injury Correct technique Other elbow injures: Ulnar neuritis Tendonitis Medial collateral ligament (instability, tear or rupture) Avulsion fracture of the epicondyle Spurs or ossicles. Image: www.guardian.co.uk References; 1,4,6,9
- 8. Shoulder Anterior humeral head displacement Occurs due to excessive external rotation of the shoulder during the throw without sufficient strength and range of motion „„thrower‟s paradox.” The balance between shoulder mobility and stability Image: sportsunlimitedblog.com References; 1,2,6,7,8
- 9. Shoulder Two treatment types Non-operative (4 phases) Phase 1: reduction of pain and inflammation Phase 2: initiation of a progressive strengthening program Phase 3: advanced strengthening Phase 4: return to competitive throwing. 10 Exercises:http://www.worldofjavelin.com/wp- content/uploads/2010/11/Throwers-Ten.pdf Surgical Aimed at restoring the shoulder capsule and surrounding musculature Image: sportsunlimitedblog.com References; 1,2,6,7,8
- 10. Shoulder Ways to Prevent Injury Increase shoulder strength Increase range of motion Correct technique Monitor volume of throws Other shoulder injuries: Abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve, (Proximal and distal) Snapping of the scapula „Little leaguer‟s shoulder‟ Image: sportsunlimitedblog.com References; 1,2,6,7,8
- 11. Back Muscle strains Occur in the erector spinae Caused from a sudden violent exertion Best treatment is rest Spondylolysis „wear and tear‟ Spondylolithesis Fatigue fracture that causes anterior sliding of the vertebra Caused by alternating flexion, extension of the lumbar area Range of treatment options (rest, physio, pain killers, cortisone, back brace) Image: karapatterson.blogspot.com References; 1,3,5
- 12. Back A high proportion of back injuries occur in training, especially weights training Lack of technique, supervision, and the need to push physical limits Ways to prevent injury: Correct throwing technique Increase core strength Correct weights training Athlete supervision Image: karapatterson.blogspot.com References; 1,3,5
- 13. Summary There are key factors that can be applied to help prevent elbow, shoulder and back injuries associated with javelin 4 key factors Correct technique Strength and Conditioning Flexibility and joint range of motion Athlete supervision
- 14. Reference List 1. Bird SR, Black N, Newton P. Sports Injuries: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. Injuries in Individual Sports and Racquet Sports, Great Britain: Ashford Press; 1997. P. 200 2. Braun S, Kokmeyer D, Millett PJ. Shoulder Injuries in the Throwing Athlete. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Apr 2; 91: 966-978. doi:10.2106/JBJS.H.01341 3. Calhoon G, Fry AC. Injury Rates and Profiles of Elite Competitive Weightlifters. J Athl Training. 1999; 34(3): 232-238. 4. Ciccotti MC, Schwartz MA, Ciccotti MG. Diagnosis and Treatment of Medial Epicondylitis of the Elbow. Clin Sports Med. 2004; 23: 693-705. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2004.04.011 5. Davies JE, The Spine in Sport – Injuries, Prevention and Treatment. Br J Sports Med. 1980; 14: 18-20 6. Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of Overhand Throwing with Implications for Injuries. Sport Med. 1996 Jun; 21(6): 4221-437. 7. Harrington L. Glenohumeral joint: internal and external rotation range of motion in javelin throwers. Br J Sports Med. 1998 Apr 1; 32: 226-228. 8. Meister K. Injuries to the Shoulder in the Throwing Athlete, Part Two: Evaluation/Treatment. Am J Sport Med. 2000; 28(4): 587-600. 9. Miller JE. Javelin Thrower‟s Elbow. J Bone Joint Surg. 1960 Nov; 42B(4): 788-792 10. Nemeth Javelins [Internet. Budakeszi, Hungary; 2010 [cited 20 April 2013]. Available from:http://www.nemethjavelins.hu/home